Lead: Healthy people will face many problems such as marriage and family, job selection, parent-child relationship, children's education, interpersonal relationship, study, love, sexual psychology, self-development, anxiety, depression, stress coping and so on. They will expect to make ideal choices, successfully spend all stages of life, seek inner balance, give full play to their abilities and seek a good quality of life. At this time, they can seek the help of psychological counseling. (SAR Evening News) Why do couples need to keep secrets?
First, the real mystery of effective psychological counseling.
A junior high school boy wrote to a girl many times? Love letter? Also secretly called by classmates? Playboy? , academic performance is still from? Top student? Slide? Underachiever? The ranks of. The class teacher criticized the education many times, and the parents severely criticized it many times and even used belts and sticks, which could not make him change his mind. After the school set up a psychological counseling room, he went in with a curious attitude. As a result, after three consultations, his behavior changed fundamentally, not only did he stop doing it? Unrequited love? Dream, study harder, and finally admitted to a provincial key high school.
A pupil who has fought more than a dozen wars in five years? Naughty bag? Under the guidance of the psychological counseling teacher, I found the root of my love of fighting? My parents' divorce made me resentful, and I always wanted to vent my evil spirit by fighting. After a month of psychological adjustment and behavior training, he was elected as the vice monitor in charge of discipline by his classmates.
In a number of experimental schools, such as bright primary school, Yingkou City, principals are aware of the special role of psychological counseling and creatively expand the service target from students to teachers. Teachers with psychological problems, such as troubles and confusion, will be effectively solved in the psychological counseling room, without bothering the principal or taking it out on the students. At the same time, some people in the society came to consult, which greatly improved the cohesion and social visibility of the school.
Why does psychological counseling work receive such an effect? The real mystery lies in the following three points.
1. Psychological counseling is an individual's active help-seeking behavior. People are eager to solve problems, and naturally it is easy to produce positive behavior effects.
Psychological counseling is not everything, it is only effective for those who are aware of their own problems and want to solve them. For those who don't admit that they have psychological problems, such as paranoia, bipolar disorder and other mental patients, there is nothing they can do. For this reason, the objects of school psychological counseling are those normal people who are psychologically troubled and have psychological obstacles. They have the subjective desire to relieve psychological troubles and overcome psychological obstacles, and actively seek help from psychological counseling teachers. This positive attitude is the most fundamental factor to produce positive consultation effect.
2. Psychological counseling skillfully stimulates and utilizes people's demand for success. What is its basic principle? Help others help yourself? .
Everyone has the motivation to achieve, but everyone also has a time when motivation conflicts and mentality is distorted. As far as teenagers are concerned, due to the temptation of bad social stimulation and the limitation of individual experience, they are often confused in cognition, emotional confusion, hesitation in will and lost in behavior. After accepting the help of others, the psychological counseling teacher does not rigidly ask the object to change anything, nor simply give comfort and advice, nor criticize and accuse, but spends most of his time listening to the other person's confidence. Generally speaking, when the counselor completely vents his inner bad emotions, he will feel very relaxed, and then he will naturally turn to rational thinking after the guidance and guidance of the teacher. Therefore, the main job of psychological counseling teachers is to help people regain their senses and rebuild their self-confidence by changing their emotions, and then embark on the road to success through the efforts of the parties themselves.
3. Psychological counseling teachers can go deep into students' hearts and find the crux of the problem, so it is direct and effective to help others.
Sometimes, the parties themselves don't know why they lose their temper and why they will do something that surprises them afterwards. This is the so-called? Are the authorities fascinated? . In the view of psychological counseling teachers, this is essentially an explosion of severely repressed emotions and the result of people's subconscious mind at work. Therefore, for this complex emotional problem, we need to take special guidance methods to fully show the causes of the problem. Yeah, some? Problem behavior? We should not only see the superficial phenomenon, but try to find the most critical crux through deep psychological analysis, so as to adopt scientific adjustment and correction methods. There is no panacea for all diseases in the world, and the work of psychological counseling teachers has special effects, which lies in being able to? The right medicine? .
Second, the specific operation of psychological counseling
Psychological counseling is neither as mysterious and complicated as some people think, nor as easy as some people understand. Experiments show that to do psychological counseling well, we should focus on three aspects of construction.
1. Construction of consulting team
At present, it is difficult to equip China schools with full-time psychological counseling teachers. Therefore, it is a good idea for secretaries, principals, directors, Communist Youth League secretaries and team counselors to be part-time psychological counseling teachers. Every school must be equipped with at least 1? Two part-time psychological counseling teachers should be enthusiastic about psychological counseling, have a high level of mental health and have received certain professional training. What needs special mention is that psychological counseling teachers must have high moral cultivation and strong non-power influence among students, otherwise, they will not be able to really communicate with the clients. Teachers who are full of dignity and rigid personality and are ready to train people are difficult to adapt to this job. Therefore, when selecting and determining psychological counseling teachers, we must strictly control them, and we must not take those who are incompetent in basic teaching and the work of class teachers? Idle people? For this job, I am willing to invest a little in the professional training of psychological counseling teachers.
With the development of the times, there will be two groups of psychological counseling teachers in the future. One is a college graduate majoring in psychology or education. At present, Liaoning Experimental Middle School, Anshan No.1 Middle School, Shen Tie No.4 Middle School and other schools have taken the lead and equipped such full-time teachers with satisfactory results. The other is the primary and secondary school leaders or teachers who have grown up in practice and received professional training. We believe that the latter method is more feasible for most schools at present.
2. Construction of psychological consultation room
The environment of psychological consultation room directly affects whether a harmonious psychological atmosphere can be formed and the quality of consultation can be guaranteed. The ideal psychological consultation room should at least meet the following conditions.
(1) is secluded and convenient. Seclusion is to avoid external interference when consulting, to keep students' private conversations confidential and to avoid insecurity. Convenience is to let students go in and out unobtrusively. Under the eyes of the public, students are rarely willing to walk into the psychological counseling room. For this reason, the room on the top floor next to the stairs is generally the first choice.
(2) The room size is moderate. Generally 10 to 50 square meters is appropriate, and then divided into small spaces, which are used as psychological test room, file room, reference room and interview room respectively. Should the door of the room be hung? Consultation room? Brand, and the opening hours (weekly 1? Three and a half days is appropriate, it is best to open all day), the hotline number and the words encouraging and welcoming students to consult are written on the door or wall.
(3) The layout of the internal environment must be fresh and pleasant. Many pots of flowers should be placed indoors, and the colors of curtains should be sky blue, orange and green, avoiding red, purple and dark tones. Should be hung on the wall? Moral principles of psychological counselors? 、? Principles of psychological counseling? Such as frames, pictures, decorations, etc., which are popular among teenagers, make students have a conditioned reflex of liking psychological consultation room.
3. The scope of application of psychological counseling
(1) Learning problems. Such as learning difficulties, poor grades, inattention in class, always talking nonsense in class, inaccurate observation of things, sudden decline in memory, confused thinking, poor imagination, unwillingness to do homework, exam anxiety, terror in the examination room and so on.
(2) Problems in life. Such as excessive laziness, dependence, partial eclipse, bed wetting, biting nails, sucking fingers, compulsive blinking, daydreaming, unable to adapt to the new environment and so on.
(3) interpersonal problems. Such as social terror, excessive shyness, unsociable, tense relationship between teachers and students, hostility to parents, fighting, swearing, lying, practical jokes, easy to lose your temper and so on.
In addition to the above-mentioned problem-based counseling, it also includes developmental counseling, such as how to develop and improve students' intellectual potential, how to achieve better academic performance, how to choose the right major and career direction, and so on. In short, except for mental illness, almost all problems between students can be solved through psychological counseling.
4. The form of psychological counseling
School psychological counseling is mainly divided into two forms, one is individual counseling, that is, through student visits, hotline calls and delivery to the psychological counseling mailbox (can you call? Whispering to the mailbox? 、? Intimate sister email address? Heart bridge mailbox? Letters, etc. ), one-on-one psychological counseling for students. The second is group consultation. That is, through lectures, symposiums, television, radio, blackboard newspapers, books and periodicals (including students' own handwritten newspapers), students can collectively answer and publicize questions of universal significance. The advantage of individual counseling is that it is convenient to deeply and carefully perceive the inner world of the parties. Some hidden problems must have come like this. The advantages of group consultation are wide coverage and high efficiency. Only by combining the two skillfully can we receive the ideal effect of mental health education.
Three, to carry out psychological counseling work should pay attention to several issues
Psychological counseling is a brand-new job. In order to avoid misunderstanding, based on the five-year experiment, we remind schools that want to carry out this work to pay attention to the following three problems.
1. The school psychological counseling room is not responsible for the treatment of mental illness. Under the existing conditions, the school psychological counseling room should not treat patients with psychological diseases (such as depression, neurosis, schizophrenia, etc.). ). Because of the disease level, it usually takes at least three months to correct it, and some of them need to be supplemented by medication. After the initial diagnosis, the school psychological counseling room should recommend students with the above diseases to psychological hospitals or professional hospitals for treatment.
2. Psychological consultation should have a complete record, but it cannot be recorded or recorded on the spot. In order to systematically understand the information of the parties, so as to carry out correction and training accurately, consultation records are essential, but on-site records will cause a certain psychological burden to the parties, which will lead them to be unwilling to express their true thoughts. Therefore, the consulting teacher should make up the consulting record immediately after each consultation, and the more detailed it is, the better it will be for the follow-up consultation.
3. The psychological consultation room should establish psychological files for each student. The contents of the archives mainly include intelligence test, personality test, mental health test results, personal brief history statement, major life events related materials, consultation records and so on. These materials play an important role in solving students' psychological problems in time and effectively. It's a? Plan ahead? Work, school psychological counseling room should start to establish such files at the beginning of students' enrollment, and carefully keep and make good use of them.
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