1. What are the current types of vaccines in China?
At present, vaccines in China are divided into two categories: immune vaccines and non-immune vaccines. Immunization planning vaccines are provided by the government to citizens free of charge, and citizens should be vaccinated in accordance with government regulations. Migrant children and local children enjoy the same vaccination rights, as long as there are no contraindications, they should be vaccinated in time. Non-immunization program vaccines are other vaccines that citizens voluntarily accept at their own expense and with knowledge.
Second, is it necessary to vaccinate non-immunization programs?
Although parents choose whether to vaccinate voluntarily at their own expense, it does not mean that these vaccines are unimportant, but China does not have the conditions for popularization at present. Although parents need to pay the bill, it is equally important. In addition, some children have congenital immunodeficiency and cannot be vaccinated with some attenuated immunization programs, so we will advise parents to choose similar inactivated vaccines as substitutes.
3. What vaccines do children need to be vaccinated after birth and at all ages?
(1) Vaccination starting age: The vaccination time of each dose of vaccine listed in the Child Immunization Program Table of National Immunization Plan (202 1 Edition) refers to the minimum age at which this dose of vaccine can be vaccinated.
(2) Children should be vaccinated as soon as possible when they reach the vaccination age of the corresponding dose of vaccine. It is recommended to complete the vaccination of the corresponding dose of national immunization program vaccine before the following recommended age:
1. hepatitis b vaccine dose 1: completed within 24 hours after birth.
2. BCG: It took less than 3 months to complete.
3. The third dose of hepatitis B vaccine, polio vaccine and DTP vaccine.
1 dose of mumps vaccine, 1 dose of live attenuated or inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine.
The second dose of vaccine: less than 12 months old.
4. The second dose of meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine group A: completed when the age is less than 18 months.
5. The second dose of measles vaccine, live attenuated hepatitis A vaccine or inactivated hepatitis A vaccine.
DTP vaccine 1 dose, 4 doses: completed within 24 months.
6. The second dose of live attenuated Japanese encephalitis vaccine or the third dose of inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine, hepatitis A..
The second inactivated vaccine: completed within 3 years old.
7. Group A and Group C meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine dose1:completed under 4 years old.
8. The fourth dose of polio vaccine: under 5 years old.
9. DTP vaccine, the second dose of meningococcal polysaccharide vaccines of groups A and C, and the fourth dose of inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine: completed under 7 years old.
If children fail to complete vaccination in time according to the recommended age, they should be replanted as soon as possible according to the general principle of replanting and the specific requirements of each vaccine.
Child immunization program table of national immunization program (202 1 version)
4. Where can I vaccinate my children?
China implements a vaccination certificate system for children. Within one month after a child is born, his guardian shall apply for a vaccination certificate at the vaccination unit or the birth hospital where the child lives. The vaccination unit or the hospital of birth shall not refuse to handle it. The guardian shall properly keep the vaccination certificate. Vaccination is managed by the place of residence. During the period when children leave their original residence, the vaccination unit that undertakes vaccination at their current residence is responsible for vaccination.
The units undertaking children's vaccination mainly include community health service centers (township hospitals) and medical and health institutions with vaccination qualifications.
5. What are the precautions for children's vaccination?
(1) Preparation before inoculation. Novice parents bathe their babies the day before inoculation, and wear clean and loose clothes on the day of inoculation, which is convenient for doctors to sow. Take the vaccination certificate on the day of vaccination and go to the nearest community health service center/township health center for vaccination. Children with foreign household registration are vaccinated at the vaccination unit in their temporary residence. After each vaccination, the doctor will register the vaccination time, vaccine name and other information on the vaccination certificate to verify the vaccination situation.
(2) Precautions during vaccination. Before preparing for vaccination, doctors usually check the baby's health, such as checking his temperature and heartbeat. Parents must let the doctor know the baby's health information completely, let the doctor accurately judge the contraindications of vaccination, and also ask the doctor questions to ensure the baby's vaccination safety. Inoculation is divided into oral and injection. The injection is usually in the deltoid muscle outside the baby's upper arm or in the middle of the anterolateral thigh. In order to prevent the baby from moving, parents can fix the baby with their hands, try to distract the baby's attention and don't cry too much. After vaccination, hold the needle eye with a cotton swab for several minutes. Only when there is no bleeding can you take off the cotton swab and don't rub the inoculation site. During the vaccination, parents can bring some small toys to Doby baby to prevent the waiting time from being too long and the baby from being unhappy, and don't forget to supplement the baby with food at the right time.
(3) Precautions after vaccination. After vaccination, you need to rest for 30 minutes in the observation area of the vaccination clinic. If there are obvious adverse reactions, you can ask a doctor to treat your baby in time. After vaccination, let the baby rest properly, drink plenty of water and keep warm. Don't bathe your baby on the day of vaccination, but make sure the vaccination site is clean to prevent local infection. If induration occurs at the inoculation site after vaccination with DTP vaccine, hot compress can be started on the second day after vaccination to help the induration subside. If your baby has mild fever, loss of appetite, irritability, crying and other symptoms after vaccination, don't worry, these reactions will usually disappear automatically within a few days. But if the reaction is strong and lasts for a long time, you should take your baby to the hospital immediately.
These children, novice parents, do you know the necessary vaccination knowledge?
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