On the basis of the Song Dynasty, the Yuan Dynasty continued to burn blue-and-white glazed porcelain. The glaze color is similar to that of the Song Dynasty, slightly blue, not as white as that of the Song Dynasty, and the transmittance is slightly poor. The wall of the vessel became thicker than that of the Song Dynasty, and the shape of the vessel changed from light and straight to thick and full. Although some excellent works appeared, compared with the Song Dynasty, their scale and quality declined gradually. In the Ming Dynasty, as a traditional product, blue and white porcelain was still fired in private kilns. Its firing should be divided into three periods: one is the alternate period from the end of Yuan Dynasty to the beginning of Ming Dynasty; The second is the early and middle period of Hongwu; Third, from the late Hongwu period to the early Yongle period.
Folk kilns are mainly round utensils such as plates, bowls and dishes used in daily life, and plates are divided into printed and plain ones. Judging from the shape and decoration of the vessels, the front plate was in the alternate period from the end of Yuan Dynasty to the beginning of Ming Dynasty, which was greatly influenced by the legacy of Yuan Dynasty. Its shape is very similar to the pivot plate in Yuan Dynasty, and the inner wall of the plate is printed with twisted flowers or chrysanthemums. A clearer decorative pattern can clearly see the details of each flower and the stems and veins of each mosaic. The bottom of the dish is slightly thicker, the inner bottom is slightly concave, and there are obviously stepped chords with reduced thickness, and the circle foot is smaller, and the foot wall is slightly different from that of the Yuan Dynasty. The foot wall of the Yuan Dynasty was slightly turned outward after being cut from the foot end, and it could be easily lifted by hand. At this time, the foot wall is straight and adducted after rotating from the foot end, so it is not easy to lift it by hand. The toe is cut flat, the sand bottom is shallow, the rotary cutting is flat, some parts have fine rotary marks, and the mastoid process is obvious. Some of the exposed tires are kiln red and some are white.
The shapes of the early, middle and late stages are similar, mostly plain noodles, and the shape of the dishes is folded. From the comparison of modeling, in the early and middle period, influenced by the glazed folding bowl in Yuan Dynasty, the folding angle of the dish wall was stiff and the circle foot was small. When digging the foot, a round vortex-shaped thick foot appeared, which was inclined, the inner wall folded outward, and there were obvious milky white protrusions at the bottom of the sand and the center of the foot. In the later period, the dish curled outward, and the angle of folding tended to a soft curve; The inner core of the disc is slightly concave, the circle foot is enlarged, the foot wall is straight, the bottom surface is flat, and the mastoid process is small. At this point, the pedicure method in Hongwu's later period was basically finalized, which had a far-reaching impact on the whole Ming Dynasty.
Blue and white glazed lotus lantern
Judging from the blue-and-white glazed porcelain in Hongwu period in the early Ming Dynasty, the fetal quality is firm, but not refined, and the fetal quality is white or grayish white. In the early stage, the glaze was white with bluish green, and it still felt bluish white or shadow blue. Although the blue-and-white glaze in the middle and late period is thick and moist, the glaze surface is grayer than other dynasties in the Ming Dynasty, with a high degree of vitrification, and the glaze surface naturally opens, with glaze shrinkage and kiln dust. This firing process continued until the early Yongle period. Because the variety is single, the glaze color changes little, and the quality does not meet the market requirements. Later, it was replaced by the mainstream of folk kilns, elegant blue and white porcelain, colorful colored porcelain and glazed porcelain. In the official kiln of Hongwu, the varieties of blue and white glazes have not been recorded in literature, and no typical objects have been handed down or unearthed. In the early 1990s, this kind of pallet was unearthed in the reconstruction site of Yangzhou old city, and the bottom diameter of the residual pallet was 22cm. Printing on the outside and applying blue and white glaze on the inside of the fetus; The main decorative pattern is a bunch of lotus flowers with full petals, which are dotted with castor grain. The reed tip is tall and straight, and the ribbon of the lotus is gently floating like a leaf. Compared with similar carved, printed or blue-and-white objects in Yuan Dynasty or Yong Xuan period, the patterns are different in layout and decorative style. However, the legacy of the Yuan Dynasty was even heavier. The carcass is tapered, the fetal quality is firm and white, the round foot is large, the rotary cutting is regular, the foot end is cut flat, the foot height is vertical and flush inside and outside, the bottom surface is smooth and flat, there are obvious rotary marks, and no breast-like protrusion is found.