The definition of electronic commerce:
First of all, e-commerce is divided into broad sense and narrow sense. E-commerce in a broad sense is defined as the use of various electronic tools to engage in business or activities. These tools range from basic telegrams, telephones, broadcasts, televisions and faxes to computers and computer networks to modern systems such as NII (National Information Infrastructure-Information Superhighway), GII (Global Information Infrastructure) and the Internet. Commercial activities are all activities based on the demand activities of pan-commodities (physical and non-physical, commodity and non-commodity production factors, etc.). ) to the reasonable and legal consumption of pan-commodities except the typical production process. In a narrow sense, e-commerce is defined as mainly using the Internet to engage in business or activities. E-commerce is the general name of people who master information technology and business rules, systematically use electronic tools and engage in various activities centered on commodity exchange with high efficiency and low cost in modern society with highly developed technology and economy. This analysis highlights the premise, center, focus, purpose and standard of e-commerce, and points out the level and effect it should achieve. It is a stricter definition of e-commerce and reflects the requirements of the times. It emphasizes the central position of people in the system from the perspective of system, organically links environment with people, people with tools, and people with labor objects, and defines e-commerce with system objectives and system components, thus making e-commerce productive.
Commercial characteristics
E-commerce is a direct product of the explosive development of the Internet and a brand-new development direction of network technology application. Internet itself has the characteristics of openness, globality, low cost and high efficiency, which has also become an inherent feature of e-commerce, greatly surpassing the value of e-commerce as a new form of trade. It will not only change the production and management activities of enterprises themselves, but also affect the economic operation and structure of the whole society. The "electronic" technology platform based on the Internet provides a vast development space for traditional business activities, and its outstanding advantages are incomparable to traditional media means.
★ 1. E-commerce electronizes and digitizes traditional business processes. On the one hand, replacing physical logistics with electronic flow can greatly reduce manpower and material resources and reduce costs; On the other hand, it breaks through the limitation of time and space, so that trading activities can be carried out at any time and any place, thus greatly improving efficiency. Internet has changed the traditional concept of space, and a virtual space or virtual society has emerged, which is different from the actual geographical space. Individuals, companies or institutions in any corner of the world can be closely linked through the Internet to establish virtual communities, virtual companies, virtual governments, virtual shopping malls, virtual universities or virtual research institutes to share information, resources and intelligence.
★ 2. The openness and globality of e-commerce have created more trade opportunities for enterprises. The Internet transcends national boundaries and time and space. No matter where you are, no matter day or night, as long as you click the mouse with your browser, you can log on to the website of any country or region at will and communicate directly with the person you want to communicate face to face.
★ 3. E-commerce enables enterprises to enter the global electronic market at a similar cost, making it possible for small and medium-sized enterprises to have the same information resources as large enterprises and improving their competitiveness.
★ 4. E-commerce redefines the traditional circulation mode, reduces intermediate links, and makes direct transactions between producers and consumers possible, thus changing the whole social and economic operation mode to some extent.
On the one hand, e-commerce breaks down the barriers of time and space, on the other hand, it provides abundant information resources, which provides more possibilities for the reorganization of various social and economic factors, thus affecting the economic layout and structure of society. 2 1 century is an information society, information is wealth, and the speed of information transmission is a matter of life and death for businesses. Internet is favored by merchants because of its fast information transmission speed. It can be said that people in the southern hemisphere can learn about what just happened in ten minutes, a few minutes or even a short time through the Internet. The internet has really turned the whole earth into a global village.
★6. Interactivity: Through the Internet, businesses can communicate, negotiate and sign contracts directly, and consumers can also reflect their feedback suggestions on the websites of enterprises or businesses, and enterprises or businesses should timely investigate product categories and service quality according to consumers' feedback to achieve benign interaction.
Based on the above advantages, as a new business model, e-commerce appeared in front of people in the last decade of the 20th century. Compared with traditional trading methods, e-commerce has many advantages, for example, it can break through the geographical and time constraints, so that people in different regions can freely transmit information, exchange needed goods and trade. Its quickness, rapidity, freedom and low exchange cost are loved by people. Why not?
Ethnicity
Taking European and American countries as examples, it can be said that e-commerce business is developing in full swing. In France, Germany and other European countries, the turnover generated by e-commerce has accounted for 1/4 of the total business volume, while in the United States, it has reached more than 1/3, and the development of e-commerce in European and American countries has only been more than ten years. In the United States, famous e-commerce companies such as AOL, Yahoo and E-Harbor started to make money around 1995, and in 2000, they created 780 million dollars. E-commerce companies such as IBM, Amazon Bookstore, Dell Computer and Wal-Mart Supermarket have all made incredible profits in their respective fields. The rapid development of e-commerce in European and American countries has the following factors:
★ 1. There are many families and enterprises with computers in Europe and America, and the number of netizens accounts for more than 2/3 of the total population, especially teenagers, almost all of whom are netizens. Strong economic conditions and huge netizen groups have created a good environment for the development of e-commerce.
★2. European and American countries generally implement the credit card consumption system, establish a complete credit guarantee system, and solve the online payment problem of e-commerce. In detail, the credit guarantee business in European and American countries has developed for 80 years. In Europe and America, people can move freely and will not be restricted by household registration as in China. In order to facilitate daily life, everyone has a unique credit code, which can't be forged for life. With this credit card, the issuing bank allows the cardholder to make a large overdraft, but the cardholder needs to return the borrowed money within the specified time. If a company or individual maliciously overdraws and fails to repay, it will realize that there is this stain on its credit record wherever it goes in the future. Therefore, westerners generally regard credit as their second life, and no one wants to be greedy for small profits and lose the righteousness. When shopping online, they will directly enter the password when clicking on the item and transfer the electronic money in the credit card to the website. The business website will organize home delivery immediately after confirming the payment.
★3. The logistics distribution system in Europe and America is quite perfect and formal. It is the emergence of large-scale third-party logistics companies in recent years that makes many netizens in different regions often receive the goods they need on the day of shopping or the next day. This is due to the development history of the warehousing and transportation system in Europe and America for nearly a hundred years. Taking the United States as an example, after the Second World Station, many enterprises have effectively changed the operation mode of military logistics support system and applied it to the field of material circulation, and gradually established a decentralized and pervasive logistics distribution network throughout the country. Even more than a decade ago, when the e-commerce business was not widely developed, as long as customers called for goods, they could almost enjoy free door-to-door delivery service. FedEx, UPS (Federal Parcel Express) and other large logistics companies are models, which are responsible for delivering products to customers for various businesses. With such a huge and perfect logistics distribution system, when the e-commerce era comes, the United States only needs to connect all distribution points with computers, which naturally completes the transition from traditional distribution to e-commerce era. The most important and complicated logistics distribution problem in e-commerce activities is solved in this way.
The situation in China
E-commerce in China started with 1997. If American e-commerce is "business-driven", then China e-commerce is "technology-driven", which is the biggest difference in the development model between China e-commerce and American e-commerce. In the United States, the practice of e-commerce is earlier than the concept of e-commerce, and the business needs of enterprises "promote" the progress of network and e-commerce technology and promote the formation of e-commerce concept. When the Internet era came, the United States already had a relatively advanced and developed e-commerce foundation. In China, the concept of e-commerce precedes the application and development of e-commerce, and the "enlighteners" are IT vendors such as IBM. Network and e-commerce technology need to constantly "pull" the business needs of enterprises, and then drive the application and development of e-commerce in China. It is very important to understand this difference, which is a major feature of e-commerce development in China and a key to understand the application and development of e-commerce in China.
1997 and 1998, the main body of e-commerce in China is some IT vendors and media, who conduct "enlightenment education" in various ways to stimulate and guide people's understanding, interest and demand for e-commerce. After this stage, in 1999 and 2000, e-commerce service providers with websites as their main features became the earliest e-commerce users in China and the main body of e-commerce in China at this stage. With the deepening of the application and development of e-commerce and the bursting of the capital market bubble, website e-commerce began to fall into a trough, and enterprises, especially traditions, began to enter the field of e-commerce on a large scale. China e-commerce entered the third stage from 200 1, and enterprise e-commerce became the new subject of China e-commerce.
This change is profound, but it also leads to some incorrect views on the e-commerce situation in China. People have become accustomed to taking website e-commerce, especially some "hot" websites e-commerce as an important or even the only basis for understanding and judging the e-commerce situation. Therefore, the decline of e-commerce in some "hot" websites has led many media and professionals to judge that e-commerce in China is at a low ebb, heading for recession or never recovering. Therefore, many people have great doubts about the development prospect of e-commerce, and more and more negative and negative opinions have begun to appear on the advantages of e-commerce.
This view is understandable, but not correct. In fact, contrary to the surface, e-commerce in China is developing in depth and breadth, and the overall situation is healthy. The main body of e-commerce is changing from IT vendors, media and e-commerce service providers to enterprises. Traditional enterprises are entering the field of e-commerce on a large scale, which is characterized by firmness, effectiveness but not attracting "eyeballs". Enterprise e-commerce is the main perspective to observe and judge the future e-commerce situation.
In the application and development of e-commerce in China, there are many basic issues that need to be reconsidered, such as what is e-commerce, whether e-commerce is e-commerce or e-commerce, how big the scope of e-commerce, whether government procurement is e-commerce, whether online advertising is e-commerce, whether e-commerce packages contain ERP, how to calculate e-commerce transaction volume and so on.
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