In AD 1079, Su Dongpo was arrested and imprisoned for "Wutai Poetry Case", and Wutai Black Prison became Su Dongpo's spiritual purgatory. After more than 30 days in detention/kloc-0, Su Dongpo embarked on the road of being demoted to Huangzhou.
1 1 century, Huangzhou, which generously accepted Su Dongpo, is a desolate land. Connecting the desolate Huangzhou with the outside world is an ancient post road. Although Huangzhou was far away, it gave Su Dongpo a chance to breathe and let him adapt to the darkness. Su Dongpo stumbled all the way to Huangzhou.
"Being demoted to Huangzhou is the biggest blow to Su Shi. Because before that, he was smooth sailing and had no such experience. When he was demoted to Huangzhou, he thought his life was over. "
Because there was nowhere to live at the moment, the abbot of Dinghuiyuan lent Su Dongpo a dusty hut, and Su Dongpo stayed at home all day in shock. Su Dongpo said in a letter to a friend: Since he was demoted to Huangzhou, no one has written a letter from his relatives and friends in his life; Even if I wrote to them, I couldn't get any reply.
Waking up in the middle of the night, in the biting loneliness, Su Dongpo wrote a poem "The Operator of divination": There is no moon to hang sparse trees, leaving people with Jing Chu. Who saw you alone, vague and lonely. At night, it suddenly becomes afraid, suddenly flies and comes back frequently, but no one always understands its infinite inner feelings. It kept wandering among the cold branches, but refused to perch on any tree, and finally landed alone on the cold shoal.
? "He feels homesick and homeless."
? "In the dark night, when he stood by the river and looked at the surging river, what was Mr. Wang thinking? What was he thinking when he was looking at the starry sky under the Haitang tree in Dinghuiyuan yard? He must be thinking about this question: how did I get this place? Why is this? He wants to answer this question. So he began to look for this wisdom of Taoism and Buddhism. "
Not far from Dinghui Garden, there is a ankokuji. Su Dongpo lives in Dinghui Garden, and he can clearly hear the sound of the morning bell and the dusk drum coming from ankokuji. So Su Dongpo walked into ankokuji. From then on, every one or two days, Su Dongpo went to ankokuji to meditate. He made a profound reflection on his life.
? "In the face of adversity, he became more calm, less anxious and less anxious. He must do important things in this life, become more calm, and strive to absorb, instead of letting the environment swallow him up, because he has a complete self, and he can finally face the whole world. "
Su Dongpo got rid of his inner confusion bit by bit, but the difficulties of life kept him down step by step.
? "If you put him in Huangzhou, although there is an official position, it is only a name, no salary, no income."
? "It was a very difficult day for him. During that time, he had very little money and he had to support his family. "
At this time, Su Dongpo's family has come to Huangzhou to meet him. In order to live with limited savings, Su Dongpo can only live within his means.
Wang Linxiang, deputy research librarian of Chibi Management Office in Huanggang City, Hubei Province, said: "Take out 4,500 yuan every month, divide it into 30 strings, and hang it on the roof beam, with only 150 yuan a day."
"When I get up in the morning, I will string it together with a cross as today's expenses. Put the unused money in a bamboo tube and save it.
? "A big official, a scholar praised by the emperor and the world, is very painful to fall to such a position."
Fortunately, Su Dongpo has a friend named Ma Mengde. When Su Dongpo was demoted to Huangzhou as a scapegoat, Ma Mengde came all the way here to share joys and sorrows with Su Dongpo.
Feng Xiaochuan, vice president of Jiangsu Cultural Research Institute, said: "From the Song Dynasty to the present, if there are tens of millions of fans of Su Dongpo, this Ma Mengde is the first and number one fan."
? "Ma Meng had to come forward to find Xu Junyou and say,' Su Shi's family is very difficult. See if you can give him some land to grow. Xu Junyou readily agreed to give Su Shian 50 mu of abandoned military camp land in Huangzhou City for free farming. "
Su Dongpo fell in love with Ma Mengde's land from the government at first sight. This is an unknown highland, because it is located in the east of the city, so Su Dongpo is named after Dongpo.
Su Shi called this land Dongpo. This Dongpo is actually not his own invention, but from Bai Juyi. When Bai Juyi was an official in Zhongzhou, Sichuan, there was also a piece of land in this east gate, where flowers were planted. Su Shi has always admired Bai Juyi, so he named his land Dongpo, and he himself called Dongpo lay man.
20 15 On May 6th, Huangmei Opera Su Dongpo was staged in a gymnasium in New Taipei City, Taiwan Province Province. The actors on the stage are all from Hubei Huangmei Opera Academy.
? "The performance was very successful, and more than 3,000 seats were packed. The applause was deafening, because they said that we had never seen such Su Dongpo. He (played by Su Dongpo, "he" refers to this person in this paragraph) went to work and cultivated in order to make himself live. On the contrary, he doesn't care, he's cheerful, and he feels happy, which is nothing, because he has ideals and ambitions, and he thinks it will pass soon. The more open-minded he is, the more he can impress the audience. "
Su Dongpo began his career as a farmer in A.D. 108 1 year. This wasteland is full of thorns and rubble. Su Dongpo's first thing to do is to burn hay. Or burn it in the wasteland, and an underground well is exposed in the wasteland. This is a gift from heaven, and the irrigation problem is solved.
"Because the land is not good, it is not your turn to plant it well, so planting barley on it is undoubtedly his last choice. People don't eat barley, but they use barley when brewing beer. However, Su Shi planted this barley. Barley has advantages, has low requirements for land and is relatively easy to grow. "
"Looking at the farmers outside the farmland, I think it is an idyllic scenery. However, anyone who has cultivated his own land and worked as a farmer knows that it is very hard to really work in the farmland. "
Su Dongpo bought a cow and farm tools such as hoes and sickles. That's the pen and ink of farmers, but this time it's not for aesthetics, but for survival.
The real local farmers have a great affection for Su Dongpo. When Su Dongpo was working in the field, a farmer came to tell him: If you want a good harvest, you have to let cattle and sheep eat wheat seedlings.
"The wheat seedlings grow too well and the fertility is pulled too much, so they will not grow well in the second year. This year, let the cows eat, let the cows step on and press the seedlings. Su Shi did as the old farmer said. "
This is the most touching moment in the field. Su Dongpo's family are busy harvesting wheat. In this once rubble-strewn wilderness, he ushered in the first golden season of wheat ears.
"The words' Su Dongpo' have brought great touches to people for thousands of years, starting from Huangzhou. Therefore, Huangzhou is called Su Dongpo's second hometown. "
The Osaka City Art Museum in Japan has Su Dongpo's original Poems of Li Baixian. It is said that Su Dongpo imitated Li Bai's poetic style.
This work is listed as two very important calligraphy works of Su Dongpo along with Huangzhou Cold Food Sticker collected by the National Palace Museum in Taipei. Like Li Bai, Su Dongpo was also called "Broken Immortal" by later generations. The difference is that Su Dongpo's pursuit is not to walk away and become immortal, but to relieve his depression with the warmth of the world.
"We say that he (Su Dongpo) has a strong human sentiment, and he is not the kind of person who is out of touch. Everywhere he goes, he will illuminate the surroundings with inner spirituality, and he will find fun and life. "
Sometimes, Su Dongpo simply ran to the fields, the waterfront, Shan Ye and the market, chasing farmers, fishermen, woodcutters and vendors to chat and laugh.
"Su Shi sit there talking nonsense with them. He said that everyone can tell stories. Where do these farmers have so many interesting things? When he couldn't say it, Su Shi said,' Then make one by the lake.' There's nothing to mend. He said,' How about telling a ghost story? Still no, then Su Shi said,' Well, since you can't tell me, I'll tell you one. He is trying to create an atmosphere that can make him more relaxed. "
The ancient literati in China emphasized that "a man who laughs and talks without Ding Bai", while Su Dongpo described himself as "a beggar who can accompany the Jade Emperor in the upper class and a beggar in the lower class". It means that the emperor can accompany him, and ordinary people, even beggars, can communicate equally. In his eyes, there is no one in the world who is not a good person, and that is the real love for people.
In the era when Su Dongpo lived, the government banned slaughtering cattle without permission and was not allowed to enter the city after midnight. Su Dongpo, on the other hand, did not stick to the etiquette, and repeatedly broke the ban with his friends in Huangzhou.
"Su Shi ran outside the city at night and drank in his Dongpo. I drank half and didn't eat anything. A young man's cow was sick. He went back and slaughtered it, then barbecued and got drunk, and then the gate was closed. What if I can't go back? Over the wall-over the wall in the middle of the night. If Su Shi were in Kaifeng, he wouldn't do such a thing. But in Huangzhou, he turned himself into a farmer and made many small mistakes. These are all his efforts to integrate himself into the lives of local people. Only in this way can he really save himself instead of separating himself from these people. "
When Su Dongpo relegated Huangzhou, his old friend Chen Nian lived here in seclusion.
"Chen Nian is the son of Chen Gongbi. Su Shi does not agree with his father, and Chen Nian agrees with his temper. "
During his five years in Huangzhou, Su Dongpo often visited Chen Nian's house.
"He went to Chen Nian's house, and they just talked about Buddhism,' talking about sleepless nights' and stayed up all night. Suddenly, his wife shouted, "Don't sleep yet!" "
"Men are gentlemen at ordinary times, talking about metaphysics, talking about Buddhism, and being high-spirited. He was so scared by this' lion roars' that he even dropped his crutch (Chen Nian's), and then inexplicably wrote that he was funny, which was actually a ridicule between good friends. This is a very famous story. We now have an idiom called' Lion Roar', which is how it came about. "
"I often tell my friends that if I want to travel, I don't want to be with Li Bai. He is irresponsible and has no sense of reality; With Du Fu, he is too bitter, haha, I am afraid he is too serious. But Su Dongpo is good and can be a good friend. He is really a very interesting person. "
In ankokuji, Huangzhou, chef Zhang Bin is teaching the master in the temple to make a classic snack: Dongpo cake.
"This kind of cake is made like a big net, and it will be shaped like a flower when it is fried. Nowadays, the secret of Dongpo cake delicious lies in the meticulous production process; And 900 years ago, it was born from an unintentional move. "
Su Shi often plays chess with the monk Ji Lian. Once again, when the game was played late, Su Shi was hungry and asked the monk Jilian, "Master, do you have anything to eat?" Give me some, I'm hungry. " Master called a young monk. The young monk ran to the cupboard and opened the door. There is only a bowl of leftover noodles in it. The water is dry. The young monk put the dried noodles in sesame oil and baked them in the oven. The moonlight was heavy, and the young monk in charge of the left side couldn't help taking a nap. When Su Dongpo, who was hungry, couldn't help but go to the kitchen to find out, the dried noodles inside had been fried into a paste. The young monk who woke up was a little nervous, but Su Dongpo tasted it cheerfully. When he ate it, alas, it was delicious, and it was fragrant and crisp in his mouth. After eating, I went to the next pastry shop and told my boss that he would do it. Because this cake was told by Su Dongpo, it was named "Dongpo cake".
The invention of Dongpo cake greatly comforted Su Shi at that time. Although he is in adversity, he can always lead a poor life. He is neither the first nor the last, but he is the most incisive one.