The main route of HBV entering the blood:
① Vertical mother-to-child transmission: There are about 65.438+0.4 billion HBsAg positive people in China, of which mother-to-child transmission accounts for 85%. Vertical transmission is the main reason for the spread and high incidence of hepatitis B in China. There are also some father-son communicators. Mother-to-child transmission is mainly through birth canal infection or intrauterine infection.
② Transmission of blood or blood products: Most blood products contaminated by HBV, such as albumin, platelets or blood, will have hepatitis after blood transfusion, and HBV will also be infected during hemodialysis and renal dialysis.
③ Iatrogenic transmission: medical instruments contaminated by HBV (such as scalpels, dental drills, endoscopes, laparoscopy, etc.). ) can spread HBV.
④ Close family contact: it mainly refers to sexual contact and close contact in daily life (such as using toothbrushes, towels, teacups and chopsticks), which may be infected by HBV. HBV can enter the body of close contacts through the damaged mucosa.
⑤ Public places, barber shops, beauty salons, etc. Are easily contaminated by HBV, such as baths and razors, can be infected with HBV.
preventive measure
First of all, mother-to-child transmission is the main route of transmission of hepatitis B in China, which has been highly valued in China. Since 1980s, infants born to HBsAg-positive pregnant women have been injected with hepatitis B vaccine. After 20 years' efforts, the proportion of HBsAg carriers among babies born in Shanghai has dropped from 9.8% to 0.5%. Therefore, we can proudly say that in the near future, the number of HBsAg carriers in China will be significantly reduced, and hepatitis B is completely preventable. Secondly, strictly screen blood donors to ensure that medical blood and blood products are not polluted.
Finally, to strengthen the treatment of patients with hepatitis B, interferon-α is the first choice for chronic active hepatitis B, and to strengthen the popularization of health knowledge and develop good health habits. Through the above measures, I believe that in the near future, the number of patients with hepatitis B will be greatly reduced.
The key to eliminating hepatitis B lies in prevention. Hepatitis B virus can be transmitted in two ways:
Transmission through blood: such as transfusion of whole blood, plasma, serum or other blood products. Mosquitoes in tropical and subtropical regions and various blood-sucking insects may spread hepatitis B virus.
Mother-to-child transmission: pregnant women are carriers of hepatitis B, which is directly transmitted to newborns through the birth canal.
Transmission of body fluids: If medical equipment is contaminated by hepatitis B virus, it will be infected due to incomplete disinfection or improper handling. The spread of sexual contact. Long-term close contact with hepatitis B patients or carriers, such as saliva, urine, blood, bile, milk, etc., will cause pollution and spread hepatitis B.
/00news/content.aspx？ Data = health and health. id=759
Health/2005-03/02/content _ 2637863.htm
Interpretation of hepatitis B laboratory sheet
Laboratory examination of hepatitis B mainly includes two aspects: 1, blood biochemical examination (liver function examination). 2. Detection of virus markers (five items of hepatitis B). The commonly used items of liver function examination mainly include total protein (TP), albumin (ALB) and globulin (GLO), which mainly reflect the synthetic function of the liver. Alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase mainly reflect the damage of liver cells. Direct bilirubin and total bilirubin mainly reflect the metabolic function of hepatocytes. (Excerpt from: seeking medical advice network)
Five tests of hepatitis B
Is there hepatitis B virus in HBsAg?
Is surface antibody (anti-HBs) protective?
Is е antigen (HBeAg) virus replicable and contagious?
Is the replication of е antibody (anti-HBe) virus inhibited?
Has the core antibody (anti-HBc) ever been infected with hepatitis B virus?
With the development of technology, HBV-DNA detection can now reflect whether there is hepatitis B virus in the liver and whether it is replicating. This kind of test should be carried out in a big hospital, which can make the results more accurate.
Big sanyang and small sanyang
Dasanyang
Surface antigen (HBsAg)+
е antigen (HBeAg)+
Core antibody (anti-HBc)+
This situation usually reflects that virus replication is active.
Xiaosanyang
Surface antigen (HBsAg)+
е antibody (anti-HBe)+
Core antibody (anti-HBc)+
Patients with small three-yang diseases should be tested for DNA. If it is positive, it reflects the active replication of the virus. If it is negative, it reflects that the virus is suppressed and the virus replication is inactive.
It is wrong to think that more plus signs mean that you have hepatitis.
Etiological examination (two and a half examinations) only reflects whether the patient is infected with the virus and whether the virus replicates. As for the onset, it is necessary to determine whether he has liver disease, the severity of his illness and the damage of liver cells according to the results of liver function examination.
What abnormal liver function tests suggest hepatitis?
For example, the increase of transaminase indicates that liver cells are damaged, indicating that liver function is abnormal, that is, acute liver disease, which may be positive for chronic liver disease. The increase of bilirubin (jaundice) indicates that the liver function is in a state of destruction.
If there is no abnormality in liver function, will the virus affect the body?
The main mechanism of liver injury caused by hepatitis B virus infection is that it is easy to cause immune disorder. The direct damage of hepatitis B virus itself to the liver is very weak. Many patients have this virus, and the virus replication is very active, but it has no damage to the liver. We call this kind of patient a virus carrier, which can last for a long time, even for life without getting sick. Some patients may cause liver damage after carrying the virus, so there is no need for more treatment in clinic for those who carry the virus but have no liver damage. Virus carriers, especially patients with big three-positive and DNA positive, are very active in virus replication and highly contagious, but the main route of transmission of hepatitis B virus is blood transmission, and the general contact infectivity is relatively low.
What kind of situation does the hepatitis B laboratory sheet appear to indicate that treatment is needed?
The most important thing for hepatitis B patients is liver inflammation and damage, especially when the damage is serious (jaundice or other symptoms). The detection index is high transaminase or abnormal bilirubin. At this time, you need to go to the hospital for further examination and treatment.
Etiological examination should be distinguished from liver function examination. Once the abnormal cause (big or small, three positive) is found, you should go to the hospital for relevant examination, but don't be too nervous, because the virus is likely to be healthy for life, and only when the liver function is abnormal, you need active treatment.
What is the possibility of eliminating hepatitis B virus?
At present, it is really difficult to completely eliminate hepatitis B virus, and the complete clearance rate is only about 10%. At present, there are many drugs to treat hepatitis B. It is recommended that patients must take the drugs under the guidance of doctors and never take the drugs according to advertisements. This will not only lead to poor therapeutic effect, but also cause liver inflammation and aggravate the damage to the liver.
What is the best period of treatment?
The best period of antiviral treatment is when the liver is inflamed (transaminase is high), which reflects that the body's immunity has a certain effect on the virus. At this time, it will be very effective to use some antiviral drugs. If the liver is in a very stable state, the effect of antiviral drugs is really not ideal. In short, when patients need treatment, they should go to a specialized hospital for examination and then take medicine under the guidance of a doctor. For those virus carriers who do not need medication, the most important thing is to carry out regular monitoring, liver function monitoring for 3-6 months, and B-ultrasound once a year to monitor whether there is liver damage, and once it appears, it must be treated.
Can carrying hepatitis B virus for a long time develop into cirrhosis or liver cancer? What preventive measures are there?
Hepatitis B virus carriers may turn into chronic hepatitis and eventually develop into cirrhosis. It is very important to check the preventive methods regularly.
Only 20% or even less than 20% of patients with chronic hepatitis will develop cirrhosis. The incidence of liver cancer in patients with liver cirrhosis does not exceed 20%.
Both HbsAg and HBc are positive in pregnant women. Does it affect the fetus?
Both HBsAg and HBc are positive. If there is no vaccine before, 100% children will be infected. Now we have highly effective immunoglobulin and hepatitis B vaccine. When a child is born, high-efficiency immunoglobulin is injected first, and then hepatitis B vaccine is injected. Usually 80%-90% of hepatitis B virus can be blocked without being infected with hepatitis B, and there are still 10% cases.
general idea
1, hepatitis B detection includes liver function test and virus detection.
2. Having hepatitis B virus does not mean having liver damage.
3. Whether the liver function is normal determines the necessity of treatment.
4. Don't use drugs blindly.
References:
/article/ 102/ 1 1 1/2005 1 12393728 . htm