(1) Design, research and control product quality, quality management system and system reliability;
(2) Organize the implementation of quality supervision and inspection;
(3) Quality inspection, inspection, analysis, appraisal and consultation;
(4) Carry out conformity assessment management such as product certification, production license, system certification, auditor and assessor registration, quality inspection agency and laboratory review;
(5) Mediation of quality disputes and organization of investigation and analysis of major quality accidents;
(6) Research and development of inspection technology, inspection methods, inspection instruments and equipment;
(seven) to formulate quality and technical regulations and supervise their implementation;
(8) Design, implement, improve and evaluate the quality and reliability information system. On June 3rd, 2006, more than 40,000 people took the national quality engineer qualification examination.
In 2007, the number of people who obtained professional qualification certificates for quality professionals in China was 1 1090. In 2007, the number of applicants reached 52,856, a year-on-year increase of 21%; The overall qualified rate reached 34.26%, an increase of 1 1. 15% over the previous year. This is a year in which the passing rate of professional qualification examination for quality professional and technical personnel has been greatly improved. The primary pass rate is 30.07% and the intermediate pass rate is 34.39%. The relevant person in charge of the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine said that the substantial increase in the number of applicants and the qualified rate is inseparable from the further strengthening of the implementation of the quality professional qualification system by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine. Judging from the examination results in 2007, the pass rates of nine provinces and cities such as Shanghai, Jiangsu and Sichuan are higher than the national average. As in previous years, it is still a region with a relatively high level of economic development, and the number of applicants and the qualified rate are relatively high.
EOQ has established the training content and examination registration system of 150, 200 and 240 hours for EOQ quality engineers, EOQ quality system managers and EOQ quality auditors respectively. The registration system for training and examination of quality management personnel in Taiwan Province Province began at 1980, and the professional qualifications are divided into quality engineer, quality of technicians and reliability engineer. Our country draws lessons from foreign experience to implement quality engineer qualification examination, which started late but started at a high level. After China's accession to the World Trade Organization, the examination and registration system for some foreign quality professionals will be gradually introduced to China, and the same qualifications as those of foreign countries will be recognized.
At present, many quality workers in our country have many shortcomings, mainly as follows: lack of a group of high-quality quality professional and technical personnel; The quality of in-service quality professionals is uneven; Managers and technicians in some enterprises lack basic knowledge of quality management; Quality professionals lack systematic quality professional knowledge and skills training; The content of domestic higher education quality management is relatively weak. The existence of these problems is an important factor that leads to the low overall level of product quality in China. Many products have low grade, poor quality, low reliability and low qualified rate, which leads to major quality accidents from time to time. Therefore, systematic training of quality workers has become a top priority, and forging "quality gatekeepers" has become an important content of quality work. The person in charge of the Quality Management Department of the Quality Department of the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine believes that through the training and examination related to quality qualification, the theoretical knowledge of quality workers can be combined with practical work, not only the product quality can be effectively controlled and improved, but also the personal ability can be greatly improved. The implementation of quality vocational qualification examination has been in line with the current development trend.
According to the news from the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine, China will soon implement the compulsory primary qualification access system for quality workers in some important product production fields; The intermediate qualification access system shall be implemented for key quality posts of enterprises producing important products such as safety and health. The Ministry of Personnel also issued a document in May, clarifying that fresh graduates can take the primary qualification examination for high-quality majors. The qualification examination of quality engineer has been paid more and more attention by enterprises. Some enterprises clearly stipulate that within three years, quality professionals must obtain corresponding certificates. All these will further attract more people to participate in quality work. Insiders pointed out that when many occupations are saturated, the "money" of quality engineers is unlimited. At some special job fairs for information industry talents, the demand for registered quality engineers is impressively in the forefront, and some enterprises with advanced quality concepts attach great importance to quality engineers. When Wal-Mart, the world's largest chain seller, visited Shanghai Guanshengyuan Food Company for cooperation, it was immediately praised after learning that the company had nine national quality engineers. Although Shanghai Guanshengyuan has already passed the ISO9000 quality system certification, Wal-Mart regards the number of people who have passed the quality engineer examination as an important factor in selecting product suppliers, which shows the importance of registered quality engineers.
It has become the experience of developed countries to establish the professional qualification examination system for quality specialty. From 65438 to 0966, the United States took the lead in implementing the quality engineer examination registration system in the world. After 1970s, the registration system of quality assessment for technicians, quality inspectors, quality reliability engineers, quality auditors, software quality engineers and quality managers has been established one after another. Since the early 1950s, Japan has been conducting specialized training examinations with statistical quality management as the main content.
Improving quality is the eternal theme of product manufacturing. When you are anxious about finding a satisfactory job, let's listen to Zhu Lan, a quality master: "Those who have created or will create a career in the field of quality management should thank you for your luck. In your lifetime, your field will develop greatly ... there will be exciting opportunities for innovation and service in these fields. "
This shows that quality engineer is a new career choice; Choosing the profession of quality engineer is in line with the world trend.
The state or government should give guidance to the professional treatment of quality engineers in order to attract more people to appreciate and pursue this job. (For example, teaching is an enviable profession) Labor psychology believes that different industries and positions require employees to have different psychological qualities, which will affect work efficiency and quality. Quality engineers are mainly engaged in quality management, and of course they have their own special requirements for psychological quality.
A quality engineer is a person who specializes in quality management. In addition to the corresponding quality management knowledge and professional knowledge, he must also have the corresponding ideological quality, intellectual quality and physical quality. In my opinion, he should also have the necessary psychological knowledge and corresponding psychological quality.
temperament
First of all, a quality engineer should have a cheerful and enthusiastic temperament. In all kinds of management systems of enterprises, quality management may be the most open system, and quality managers have to deal with each other from top managers to front-line workers and logistics workers. Financial, environmental, production, technology and other management systems are difficult to compare with. The so-called "three aspects" of total quality management (that is, "the whole process", "the whole enterprise" and "the whole staff") precisely reflect the nature of this comprehensive and open quality management system. The nature of this fully open system requires quality engineers to be outgoing, cheerful, lively, active, enthusiastic and good at communication. Because of the particularity of the original work, engineers and technicians who are selected from professional technical posts (such as design and technology) to quality management posts are often introverted, withdrawn, indifferent to people, paying too much attention to details and lacking organizational ability. This state of mind should be changed. For young people, if your ambition is to be a quality engineer, you must first grasp your own psychological characteristics. If you are a depressed person who can't change, you might as well give up your plan to be a quality engineer. Generally speaking, people with depressed temperament are not lively, slow-witted, slow-moving, gloomy and obviously introverted. If you are engaged in quality management, it must be difficult to deal with people, so don't work in the quality management department, especially the leader of the quality management department.
connect
Secondly, quality engineers should have good communication skills. In fact, in enterprises, the main work of quality management is not technical work, but non-technical work of communicating with people. Carry out education and training, establish a quality management system, plan and review, implement monitoring and measurement, and organize quality improvement. It is inseparable from dealing with people (from enterprise managers to ordinary employees), investigating, analyzing, discussing and persuading ... If you don't have the ability to communicate with others, it is difficult to understand others' views and you can't effectively convey your own views to others. How do you manage? For example, when dealing with nonconforming products, psychological factors (whether intentional or unintentional, whether nervous or careless, whether fatigue or negligence, etc. ) the investigation and analysis of the operators are not detailed, the emotions of the production managers are not grasped in place, and there is too little communication research on the opinions in the specific treatment, which may not be handled.
company
Third, quality engineers should have a firm but not stubborn personality. In real life, even if a small quality problem is solved, there will inevitably be disputes or even quarrels. In an enterprise, after all, quality will conflict with quantity, schedule and cost. From their own point of view, all relevant personnel will always have such opinions and even express strong opposition to the solutions put forward by quality management personnel. For example, if you want to monitor and measure the work of a department, the department is likely to express dissatisfaction and take some measures to obstruct it, or argue with you or cover it up with illusions. As a quality engineer, it is difficult to do a good job in quality work if he is not determined, goes with the flow and obeys blindly without principles. Quality engineers should be rational and independent people, calm and thoughtful, good at independent thinking, willing to express different opinions and strong self-control ability. But we should also be good at listening to different opinions, but we should draw conclusions early. If the personality is extreme and stubborn, it will not only be conducive to solving quality problems, but also affect interpersonal relationships and bring trouble to future work.
psychology
Finally, quality engineers should know some psychological knowledge and methods. Quality management is not the management of things in essence, but the management of people. People are not vegetation, who can be ruthless? Enterprise managers and employees have their own psychological characteristics such as cognition, emotion and will. In the communication with them, if we can better grasp these psychological characteristics, it will certainly help to communicate the opinions of both sides and make the relevant management work go smoothly. However, if you don't know some psychological knowledge, you obviously can't grasp the psychological characteristics of people. When dealing with people, we should also pay attention to methods. Communication itself is the research object of psychology, and it also needs psychological methods and skills. For example, we should be good at grasping each other's psychological characteristics and emotional dynamics, learn certain psychological analysis methods, and master techniques to help others discharge psychological pressure ... 1. Under the leadership of the Minister of Safety, Quality and Environmental Protection, we should be fully responsible for quality supervision.
2, familiar with the terms of the contract, technical specifications, design drawings and railway engineering quality acceptance standards, skilled use of various quality testing equipment.
3. Carry out the relevant laws, regulations and provisions of the state, the Ministry of Railways, the construction unit and provinces and cities on engineering construction, identify and establish a list of effective documents related to quality, and assist in the publicity and implementation of learning and training.
According to the quality policy and quality objectives, formulate quality management plans, be responsible for total quality management and exercise quality supervision functions. According to the engineering quality acceptance standard, check and guide all the engineering quality of this project.
5. Be responsible for the implementation of the quality control system of the project department in the work area, and do a good job in process quality control. Supervise all subordinate units to seriously implement the "three inspections" system of engineering quality.
6, often in-depth on-site supervision and inspection of engineering quality, and make inspection records, to find out the problems to take corresponding corrective measures and is responsible for the supervision and implementation; Participate in the quality analysis meeting and strictly implement the quality reward and punishment system.
7. Be responsible for the control procedures such as quality target management, construction process quality management, engineering quality inspection, nonconforming products, corrective and preventive measures in the "Three Standards in One" system document of the Executive Board, and make relevant records.
8. Participate in the investigation, analysis and handling of quality accidents, report the accident cause analysis and handling opinions in time according to relevant regulations, and form a complete record.
9. Actively participate in the popularization and application of new materials, new technologies, new processes and new methods, and urge and guide relevant departments to earnestly grasp the implementation of excellence planning and QC group activities. "Quality engineer is not a traditional concept of quality in a narrow sense, but a comprehensive and systematic social examination, covering comprehensive knowledge and focusing on professional technology. In the future, its market demand will be bigger and bigger, and its market maturity will be higher and higher. For example, this year's exam will begin to implement online exams with a wide range of topics. In addition, its teaching materials are not static, but are constantly updated with the changes in the actual situation, so the gold content is also increasing day by day. " Han Furong, a quality expert, knows the quality engineer exam very well. Although the prospect is gratifying, Han Furong regrets that the quality engineer examination system is subject to many restrictions and needs to be improved urgently. "Quality engineers should not be a profession, but a practice. Occupation is optional like ears, and practice is necessary like hands. Quality engineers should go from profession to practice and from ear to hand. "
Examination-related knowledge
Keywords: 1: qualified rate
Although the quality engineer exam has been conducted five times, today's exam may be the most "happy" for candidates-it is the highest pass rate in five years, with an overall pass rate of 37.68%, of which the primary pass rate is 30.76% and the intermediate pass rate is 40.90%. There are 9,295 people in China who have obtained the quality professional qualification certificates issued by the Ministry of Personnel and the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine.
The provinces and cities with pass rates higher than the national average are Shanghai, Jiangsu, Fujian, Guangxi, Beijing, Jiangxi, Hunan, Anhui, Guangdong, Zhejiang and Liaoning, with pass rates of 53.45%, 45.79%, 45.6 1%, 39.70%, 39.37%, 39.27% and 39.27% respectively.
The reporter found that compared with the passing rate of 50% in American quality engineer examination, the passing rate of quality engineer examination in China is still low. Relevant persons in the Quality Department of the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine believe that on the one hand, quality personnel in China are unfamiliar with this form of examination questions, on the other hand, most candidates have not participated in systematic learning and their knowledge is aging. I believe that after several years of examination and training, the overall quality of high-quality talents in China will be greatly improved, and the passing rate of examinations will also be improved.
Hard index
11June, the Yunnan Provincial Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision and the Yunnan Provincial Department of Personnel jointly issued the Opinions on Further Improving the Implementation of the Professional Qualification System for Quality Professionals. The document sets a hard target for the number of quality engineers in enterprises: for enterprises with annual sales of more than 65.438+0 billion yuan or enterprises producing famous brand products in China, there shall be no less than 5 senior qualified personnel and no less than 654.38+00 intermediate qualified personnel; Enterprises with annual sales below 1 100 million yuan or enterprises producing famous brand products in Yunnan should have at least 4 senior qualified personnel and 8 intermediate qualified personnel. The document also puts forward the 11th Five-Year Plan for quality engineers in Yunnan Province-strive to have all enterprises and related quality management personnel in the province take up their posts with certificates within five to 10 years.
A person from the Quality Department of the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine pointed out that the issuance of such a document in Yunnan Province is the first case in China, which will play a very good role in promoting the examination of quality engineers.
Encouragement and reward
11June, the Quality Control Department of Shanghai Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision and the Registration Management Center jointly held the "2005 Shanghai Symposium for Quality Professionals and Technicians", which commended and rewarded the comrades who won the top three in this year's junior high school entrance examination and exchanged learning experiences. The reporter learned that the passing rate of quality engineers in Shanghai has always ranked first in the country, which is inseparable from its active promotion of quality engineers.
elder
In 2006, the registration of quality engineers has begun, but the registration of advanced examinations, which had received much attention before, has not yet begun. The reporter learned that the report of the quality engineer examination has been submitted to the Ministry of Personnel, but it has not been finally passed. According to a person from the Quality Department of the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine, even if the advanced examination can be held, it will be held in the second half of the year. Another possibility is the 2007 exam, which will be held at the same time as the primary and intermediate exams. In addition, the advanced examination form for quality engineers has been set to take only one exam and open the book.
Random surprise inspection
After the quality engineer examination, the National Quality Vocational Qualification Examination Office conducted a sample survey of candidates from six regions, including Beijing, Fujian, Guangdong, Jiangsu, Shandong and Shanghai.
The survey results show that 35% of the candidates come from state-owned enterprises, 33% from foreign-funded and joint ventures, and 24% from private and private enterprises, accounting for 92% of the sample. Among the candidates, 73% are taking this exam for the first time; 73% of the candidates did not participate in the pre-test training; 43% of the candidates think that the difficulty of the test paper is appropriate; There are 4 1% candidates who think the examination paper is difficult; 12% of the candidates think the test paper is difficult.
According to the analysis, the candidates' motivation is to improve their ability, evaluate their professional titles, help find jobs and meet the requirements of the company, and the corresponding proportions are about 57%, 265, 438+0%, 65, 438+05% and 7% respectively. After passing the qualification examination, the most desirable rewards for candidates are to apply for a better job, get the corresponding professional title, raise salary and promotion, and the corresponding proportions are about 38%, 32%, 22% and 7% respectively.