1. What are the cost components of real estate?
Due to the long development cycle of real estate, which requires a lot of investment and the use of bank credit funds, the interest payable to financial institutions in the process of development and operation has become an important part of the development cost. However, its scale is closely related to the scale of developed projects and the amount of financing, so its proportion in the cost composition is relatively unstable.
Taxes and fees include two parts: first, taxes. Taxes related to real estate development and construction include property tax, urban land use tax, cultivated land occupation tax, land value-added tax, two taxes and one fee (business tax, urban maintenance and construction tax and education surcharge), deed tax, enterprise income tax and stamp duty. The other part is administrative expenses, mainly the fees charged by local governments and administrative departments at all levels to real estate development enterprises. There are many and irregular items. Including land acquisition management fees, commercial housing transaction management fees, municipal supporting fees, civil air defense fees, gas and water capacity increase fees, development management fees, etc. At present, it accounts for a relatively large proportion in China's real estate development cost, generally around 15%~25%.