(1) Most Chinese scholars are concerned about the problems existing in the economic functions of county-level governments. The main points are as follows: 1. The level of economic development is low and the overall competitiveness is weak. 2. The economic structure is not reasonable, and the industrial adjustment is still backward. 3. Independent economic growth is weak, and county-level finance is difficult to operate. 4. There is a large outflow of production factors, and the degree of opening to the outside world is low.
(2) In view of the problems existing in the economic functions of county governments, experts and scholars have given solutions, which can be summarized as: 1. Promote the development of agricultural industrialization. Vigorously develop agricultural industrialization. Promote the process of rural urbanization, and so on. I think the county economy is essentially a regional economy, and its development also needs a few words of production factors such as people, money and things, and its rational circulation and allocation need the active participation and regulation of the government. Therefore, I think that only studying some phenomena such as agricultural industrialization, agricultural industrialization and rural urbanization in the development of county economy fails to grasp the essence of the problem, and the means and measures to solve the problem are also slogan-like, which is not easy to receive practical results. In China, the development of market economy is not perfect, especially the county economy is less developed. As an important participant in economic development, the government must play its due regulatory role, guide the development direction of county economy and promote the development of county economy.
(3) Research on the present situation of county-level government's economic functions. On this issue, Fu Juan's views are very representative. She believes that after the reform and opening up, local government reform has achieved certain results, and the government's economic functions have also been adjusted accordingly. However, on the whole, the economic functions of local governments can not meet the needs of economic development. There are still the following problems: first, the function is misplaced or offside. The so-called function dislocation or offside is the abuse of what should be done and what should not be done. There are three specific manifestations of function absence or offside: first, entering the competitive microeconomic field, directly investing in the establishment and operation of enterprises, and competing for profits with private enterprises and private capital. The second is to engage in local protectionism, mainly manifested in the government's forced intervention, so that consumers can only buy local goods; Or set up checkpoints to "escort" the market blockade; Or discriminate against local enterprises. The third is to connive at enterprises to fabricate false materials to defraud the central or higher-level government preferential policies, such as violating statistical laws and regulations, fabricating false figures, lying about political achievements, and defrauding higher-level governments of trust, rewards and official positions. Second, the function is absent. Functional vacancy refers to the places where the market mechanism fails to function normally, where the government fails to implement effective management, where what the government should do is not completed, and where some markets cannot adjust, there are "vacuums" and "vacancies". For example, infrastructure such as postal services, railways, water conservancy and ecological environment provided by the government, as well as social security services such as medical care, pension and unemployment, are in short supply and cannot meet the needs of enterprises and individuals. The absence of government functions is manifested in the following three aspects: First, the provision of public goods and services such as social infrastructure is insufficient. Second, there is no good solution to external problems. Third, the social security system is not perfect.
(4) Research on the realization conditions of government's economic functions under the market economy environment. Some scholars believe that the market mechanism is a basic system with economic efficiency, and the effective play of county-level government's economic functions in the market economy environment must be based on certain conditions: enterprises must be independent market subjects; It must be a market system with reasonable structure, orderly operation and balanced development; Have a set of sound and perfect market laws and regulations; There are developed and standardized market intermediary organizations; There is a political and legal system in harmony with the market economy system. The evil consequences caused by the disorder of market economic order are widely known. For example, fake and shoddy products flood the market, hindering technological progress and enterprise management innovation; Financial distortion, opportunism and market reputation have greatly increased transaction costs.
(5) Research on the trend of county government's economic function. Some scholars believe that local governments should take positive actions in the following aspects to maintain the development of local economic aggregate and structure: First, study and formulate long-term and medium-and long-term strategies for economic and social development, and formulate and implement economic and social development plans and related rules. Second, maintain the dynamic balance of local total supply and demand. As a local regulation, market regulation cannot solve the imbalance between total supply and demand, while local governments have the ability to coordinate at the aggregate level because of their own information and resource advantages. Third, implement various economic policies formulated by the central government and formulate local industrial and technological policies. Under the principle of fully ensuring the effective operation of the market, the government should formulate and determine the degree and intensity of local economic policies in accordance with the principle of coordinating with the central government as much as possible. Fourth, vigorously develop infrastructure construction and provide public goods. On the one hand, we must ensure the implementation of the central government's public policies at the local level, on the other hand, we must provide local public products according to local conditions. Fifth, adjust income distribution and redistribution. The role of market mechanism will inevitably expand income distribution. The government will carry out planned regulation and control to realize the social security policy, so as to coordinate the income gap between different individuals in the region, reduce social contradictions and promote economic development.
(6) Regarding the scope of county-level government's economic functions in the development of county economy, some scholars pointed out that the specific performance of county-level government's economic functions is administrative regulation, which is covered by county-level government's functions. County-level economy is a comprehensive economy, and county-level government's regulation is also comprehensive and comprehensive, so the operation of county-level government's economic functions will inevitably affect economic-related social fields. Mainly includes: 1. Social basic industry. Refers to the county-level industries that are in a basic position in the social division of labor, provide energy, raw materials or intermediate products for other industries and can affect the long-term development of county economy, mainly including energy, transportation and communication, raw material industry and agriculture. 2. Social public * * * industry, involving a wide range, involving natural environment, economy, society and other fields in the county. Most of them are non-material production departments, but their existence and development are directly related to the social material production in the county. County social public industry is an industrial sector with external economy. 3. The administrative activities of the county government itself. Social basic industries and social public industries belong to the administrative activities of county-level governments, but scholars here believe that administrative activities refer to abstract administrative activities, that is, intellectual service activities such as government decision-making, organization, consulting services and supervision that refine specific administrative contents. On the one hand, the county government can promote the realistic flow of resources after implementing major decisions on county economy; On the other hand, the quality of intellectual service affects the basic situation of county economy, so the county government should standardize and directly regulate its own administrative activities.
(2) A summary of foreign scholars' research on the economic functions of county-level governments.
Based on the research results of experts and scholars, the present situation can be summarized as follows: analysis and research on the economic functions of county-level governments in capitalist countries. Teacher Chang Li made an in-depth analysis of this issue from the different stages of capitalist development. He believed that mercantilism prevailed in primitive accumulation of capital period, and the economic function of county governments in capitalist countries was intervention. In the period of free competition, state intervention has become an obstacle to urgent development. The economic function of county governments in capitalist countries is mainly influenced by Adam Smith's free economic policy, which is laissez-faire. In 1930s and 1960s, the economic functions of county governments in capitalist countries intervened. During this period, most economists represented by Keynes advocated that the government should actively intervene in the economy. Keynesian exposition on government's economic function is mainly reflected in the following aspects: First, state intervention and regulation of economic operation are the government's economic function, unemployment and basic points. Second, on the means of government regulation and economic intervention, Keynes affirmed the role of expansionary monetary policy in solving unemployment and economic recession, but emphasized the regulatory role of fiscal policy. Therefore, the economic function of county-level government is mainly to intervene in economic life, and the government has changed from a "night watchman" to a "supervisor". Third, characterized by deregulation, the use of market mechanisms to accelerate the adjustment of industrial structure. Fourth, accelerate the transformation to an internationally coordinated economic structure characterized by the gradual opening of the economic system.
According to scholars' research on the United States, the county governments in the United States implement liberal economic policies in the specific management of the economy. They don't directly manage the economy, the chamber of commerce is responsible for economic affairs, and the government itself only plays a social role, so the county-level government in the United States basically has no economic functions. There are great differences between China and the United States, and the market economy is not perfect. The government should play its due social function as well as its due economic function. Therefore, the economic practices of county governments in the United States are not suitable for China.