Laser cutting is to scan the surface of material with high power density laser beam, heat the material to thousands to tens of thousands of degrees Celsius in a very short time to melt or vaporize the material, and then blow the melted or vaporized material away from the slit with high pressure gas to achieve the purpose of cutting the material. Laser cutting, because the invisible beam replaces the traditional mechanical cutter, the mechanical part of the laser cutter head is not in contact with the workpiece, and the working face will not be scratched during the working process; Laser cutting speed is fast, the incision is smooth and flat, and generally no subsequent processing is needed; Small cutting heat affected zone, small plate deformation and narrow cut (0.1mm ~ 0.3 mm); The incision has no mechanical stress and shear burr; High machining accuracy, good repeatability and no damage to the surface of the material; Numerical control programming can process any scheme, cut the whole board in large format, and it is economical and time-saving without mold opening. Laser cutting is mainly CO2 laser cutting. The CO2 laser beam is focused on the surface of the material with a focusing lens to melt the material. At the same time, the melted material is blown away with compressed gas coaxial with the laser beam, so that the laser beam and the material move relatively along a certain trajectory, thus forming a slit with a certain shape. Compared with other methods, CO2 laser cutting technology has obvious advantages: (1) the cutting quality is good. The notch width is narrow (generally 0. 1-0.5 mm), with high accuracy (generally 0. 1-0.4 mm for hole center distance error and 0. 1-0.5 mm for outline dimension error), and the surface roughness of the notch is good (generally12.5-for Ra). (2) the cutting speed is fast. For example, the laser power is 2KW, and the cutting speed of 8mm thick carbon steel is1.6m/min. The cutting speed of 2mm thick stainless steel is 3.5m/min, with small heat affected zone and minimal deformation. (3) Clean, safe and pollution-free. Greatly improved the working environment of operators. Of course, in terms of accuracy and notch surface roughness, CO2 laser cutting can't surpass electric machining. It is difficult to reach the level of flame and plasma cutting in cutting thickness. Several key technologies of CO2 laser cutting: First, focus position control technology. The smaller the focal depth of the focusing lens, the smaller the focal spot diameter, so it is very important to control the position of the focal point relative to the surface of the cut material. The second is cutting and piercing technology. Any kind of thermal cutting technology, except for a few cases, can start from the edge of the plate, which generally requires a small hole in the plate. Earlier, a punch was used to punch a hole in the laser stamping compound machine, and then the laser was used to cut the hole. The third is nozzle design and air flow control technology. When laser cuts steel, oxygen and a focused laser beam are emitted onto the cut material through the nozzle, thus forming an airflow beam. The basic requirement of airflow is that the airflow entering the incision should be large and fast, so that enough oxidation can make the incision material fully react exothermically; At the same time, there is enough impulse to blow out the molten material. There are many laser cutting processes, among which melting cutting is to make the power density of the incident laser beam exceed a certain value, so that the interior of the material at the irradiation point of the laser beam begins to evaporate and form holes; Vaporization cutting adopts high power density laser beam to avoid melting caused by heat conduction, so some materials evaporate into steam and disappear; Oxidative melting cutting is that the material is ignited under the irradiation of laser beam and reacts violently with oxygen to produce another heat source; For brittle materials that are easily damaged by heat, high-speed controllable cutting by laser beam heating will cause large thermal gradient and serious mechanical deformation in this area, which will cause cracks in the material. This cutting is called controllable fracture cutting.
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