There are two versions of the origin of running scripts:
1. According to Zhang Huaiguan's Broken Book, "The calligrapher was created by Liu Desheng of Yingchuan in the later Han Dynasty, that is, the book was small and simple, so it was called a running script." From the statement that "running script" is transformed from "official script"
Second, according to Wang Sengqian's "Ancient Energy Title", "The book of Zhong You has three bodies: the book with inscriptions is the best; Second, the articles of association, secretary, primary school teacher; On the third day, I wrote a book, and so did the people who heard it. Hedong Weikaizi adopted Zhang Zhifa and compared the drafts with Kaifa as a reference. The draft is also a book. " From the facts, running script, also known as running script, was originally developed from the signing of line drawing. Those who hear each other mean to believe.
The running script structure has the following characteristics:
Size combination means that each word presents a different size, and there is a written connection of a word. The connection between words is both true and intentional, and there is a connection between them.
Generally speaking, the combination of retraction and extension means that the short line is retraction and the long line is extension; Back and front, side and front; Most of them are left hand, right hand, upper right hand and lower left hand, but they can also be converted to each other. Left-handed and right-handed, top-handed and bottom-handed are not excluded.
Decent density is generally dense on the top and sparse on the bottom, dense on the left and sparse on the right, and dense on the inside and sparse on the outside. The middle palace is compact, the white space in the box is as small as possible, and the white space of the circled strokes is as small as possible. On the layout, the word spacing is tight, the line spacing is wide, vigorous and powerful, and the colors are bright.
The writing of running script should be easy, lively and quick, and master the combination of disease and slow, dynamic and static. The ink color arrangement should be strong at the beginning and dry at the end. The lines are long and thin, short and thick, moderate in thickness and alternating in depth.
There are many masterpieces of running script, the most famous of which is Preface to Lanting written by Wang Xizhi, a calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Predecessors described it as "a dragon descending from heaven, a tiger lying in a phoenix pavilion" and praised it as "the best running script in the world".
In the combination of center and side, hidden front and exposed front, Preface to Lanting Collection highlights the application of side and exposed front. This is different from his early menstruation post, and menstruation post focuses on China and Tibet. The dew front cuts into the pen obliquely, and the side front sweeps over, which is handsome and refreshing. A slightly curved pen is smooth and quite beneficial. Fine lines, thin and solid. At the transition from pen to pen, the line leads the tape and the pen breaks the meaning, which is wonderful.
In Wang Xizhi's running script works, posts such as "mourning" tend to be cursive and more flexible. Preface to Lanting uses running script, which is both mellow and rigorous. The refreshing and smooth strokes are not only clear and solid, but also smart and relaxed, without any stagnation.
There is no definite method for the words in this post, and the shape goes with the flow. Most hieroglyphs change their pitch according to the needs of Qi, but they can be combined without confusion. Because the shape, size, width, length, height and posture of words are diverse. The knot is sideways, oblique to the right. This horizontal trend is different from that of later Song people. Wang's side potential is harmonious, while the side potential of Mi, Huang and others highlights the arrogance.
The preface to Lanting Collection uses an orderly and irregular composition. There are rows in the vertical direction but no columns in the horizontal direction. Vertical rows facilitate top-down sequence and coherence, while horizontal rows avoid simple sub-uniformity of operators. The upper and lower figures in the vertical line are often scattered around. If you write methodically, you will be angry; if you write irregularly, you will be angry. Word by word, line by line. Spacing is sparse and dense, and spacing is wide and narrow. Clear lines, mutual echo and coherent pulses.
In the history of calligraphy, The Preface to Lanting Collection occupies a very high position, and it is called "the best running script in the world", which has been widely appreciated: "The Preface to Lanting Collection narrated by the Right Army has beautiful words and excellent layout. The so-called gain is too long, loss is too short, fish is like a bird's wing, flowers are like butterflies, and it comes to an abrupt end. There are twists and turns, no regrets. " (Jie Jin's Miscellaneous Notes on Spring Rain) Preface to the Right Army Lanting is the first in ancient and modern times. Its words are born with you, no matter how big or small, no matter what you want, everyone is Dharma, so it is crystal. "(Dong Qichang's Essays on Painting Zen Rooms) In their view, The Preface to the Lanting Pavilion has reached the point of perfection.
People often call it "two kings". Comparatively speaking, Wang Xianzhi's neutral tone is more masculine, while Wang Xizhi is more typical of the implicit and smart beauty of neutrality. "Flee less and grasp the real thing, and respect the grass right; The spirit of the Father and the God of the Son are unique in ancient and modern times. " (Zhang Huaiguan's book discusses) "harmonious" people are gentle, gentle, peaceful and intelligent; The "God King" is heroic and heroic.
Wang Xizhi's beauty of neutralization is a combination of "quality" and "beauty", which has both simplicity and elegance. Compared with the quality of Zhong You in Han and Wei Dynasties, Wang Xizhi is more refined; Compared with Wang Xianzhi, Wang Xizhi is more subtle and simple.
Tang Yan Zhenqing's book "Sacrificing a Nephew" is very bold, and the ancients rated it as "the second running script in the world". Su Shi's Huangzhou Cold Food Sticker is called "the third running script in the world". The famous representative work in the running script is Lushan Temple Monument written by Li Yong in Tang Dynasty, which is fluent and rich. There are Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Mi Fei and Cai Xiang in the Song Dynasty, Zhao Mengfu, Xian Yushu and Li Kang in the Yuan Dynasty, Zhu Yunming, Wen Zhiming, Dong Qichang and Wang Duo in the Ming Dynasty, and those in the Qing Dynasty. They are all good at running script or cursive script, and many works have been handed down from generation to generation.