Entrepreneurial opportunities appear in different forms. Although the previous research focused on the market opportunities of products, there are also opportunities in factor markets, such as the discovery of new raw materials. Many good business opportunities do not appear suddenly, but are a kind of "reward" for "prepared minds". In the stage of opportunity identification, entrepreneurs need to find out where and how to find opportunities. Existing market opportunities
For entrepreneurs, it is a natural and economical choice to find entrepreneurial opportunities in the existing market. On the one hand, it is closely related to our lives, and we can really feel the existence of market opportunities; On the other hand, because there are always unmet needs, starting a business in the existing market can reduce the search cost of opportunities, reduce the risk of starting a business, and be conducive to the success of starting a business. Existing entrepreneurial opportunities exist in: market gap under imperfect competition, market space under economies of scale, market vacancy under enterprise clusters, etc.
Market gap under imperfect competition. Incomplete competition theory or incomplete market theory holds that incomplete competition between enterprises or within industries leads to various realistic demands in the market, and large enterprises can not fully meet the market demands, which will inevitably make small and medium-sized enterprises have room for market survival. Small and medium-sized enterprises and large enterprises complement each other to meet the different needs of the market. Large, medium and small enterprises survive in the competition, and the market demand for product differentiation is the reason for the coexistence of large, medium and small enterprises. Market segmentation and serialized production make the existence of small enterprises more valuable.
Market space under economies of scale. According to the theory of scale economy, no matter any industry, there is the problem of the optimal scale or the most suitable scale of enterprises. Exceeding this scale will inevitably lead to inefficiency and increase management costs. Different industries need the most economical and optimal cost of different scales, and different industries determine the optimal scale of enterprises. Large and small enterprises will eventually adapt to this law and develop their own industries.
Market vacancy under enterprise cluster. Enterprise cluster mainly refers to local enterprise cluster, which is a group of geographically closely related companies and related structures. They are in a specific industrial field, and they are linked together because of their uniqueness and complementarity. Small and medium-sized enterprises in the cluster carry out efficient competition and cooperation with each other, form a highly flexible and professional production cooperation network, have strong endogenous development momentum, and rely on inexhaustible innovation ability to maintain the competitive advantage of local industries. Potential market opportunities
Potential entrepreneurial opportunities come from the application of new technologies and the diversification of people's needs. Successful entrepreneurs can keenly perceive changes in public demand and seize market opportunities from them.
The application of new technology may change people's work and lifestyle, and new market opportunities will appear. The development of communication technology makes it possible for people to work at home. The appearance of the Internet has changed the way people work, live and make friends. The emergence of online games has made thousands of people obsessed with it and enjoy it; With the rapid development of online shopping and online education, it is becoming more and more important to obtain and enjoy information.
The diversification of needs comes from human nature, and people's desires are difficult to be satisfied. In the market segment, we can explore the potential market opportunities that have not been met. On the one hand, according to the change of consumption trend, capture possible market opportunities; On the other hand, according to consumers' psychology, through the innovation of products and services, we can guide and meet the demand, thus creating a brand-new market. Derivative market opportunities
Derivative market opportunities come from the diversification of economic activities and the adjustment of industrial structure.
First of all, the diversification of economic activities has opened up new ways for entrepreneurship. On the one hand, the development of the tertiary industry provides a large number of growth points for small and medium-sized enterprises. In modern society, people put forward higher and higher requirements for information and intelligence, consulting, culture, education, finance, service, repair, transportation, entertainment and other industries, thus making the tertiary industry in social and economic activities develop day by day. Because the tertiary industry generally does not need large-scale equipment investment, its development provides a broad space for the operation and development of small and medium-sized enterprises. On the other hand, the variability, upgrading, diversification and individualization of social demand make products develop in the direction of high quality, variety, small batch and rapid update, which also strongly stimulates the development of small and medium-sized enterprises.
Secondly, the adjustment of industrial structure and the reform of state-owned enterprises provide new opportunities for entrepreneurship. The report of the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out, "We should deepen the reform of state-owned enterprises, further explore various effective forms of public ownership, especially state ownership, and vigorously promote enterprise system, technology and management innovation. Except for a few enterprises that must be wholly state-owned, we will actively promote the shareholding system and develop a mixed ownership economy. " Therefore, with the advancement of the reform of state-owned enterprises, private small and medium-sized enterprises will gradually set foot in intermediary services, biomedicine, large-scale manufacturing and other fields with more entrepreneurial opportunities in addition to traditional business fields such as manufacturing, commerce, catering and real estate. Successful entrepreneurial opportunities determine the required conditions.
Not all potential entrepreneurs can grasp entrepreneurial opportunities with the same expectations. Successful opportunity identification is the result of the comprehensive action of entrepreneurial desire, entrepreneurial ability, entrepreneurial environment and other factors.
First of all, the desire to start a business is the premise of opportunity identification. Entrepreneurial desire is the driving force of entrepreneurship, which promotes entrepreneurs to discover and identify market opportunities. Without entrepreneurial will, even the best entrepreneurial opportunities will be turned a blind eye or missed.
Secondly, entrepreneurial ability is the basis of opportunity identification. Identifying entrepreneurial opportunities depends largely on the individual (team) ability of entrepreneurs, which is partially proved by the Report on Social Mobility in Contemporary China. Through the analysis of the changes of private entrepreneurs after 1993, the report finds that the social sources of private entrepreneurs are increasingly dominated by elites in various fields, especially the transformation of economic elites, while the opportunities for ordinary people to transform into private entrepreneurs are getting less and less. Studies and surveys at home and abroad show that the abilities related to identifying entrepreneurial opportunities mainly include foresight and insight, information acquisition, technology development trend prediction, imitation and innovation, and the ability to establish various relationships.
Finally, the support of entrepreneurial environment is the key to opportunity identification. Entrepreneurship environment is the synthesis of many factors in the process of entrepreneurship, including government policies, socio-economic conditions, entrepreneurial and management skills, venture capital and non-financial support. Generally speaking, if the society is tolerant of entrepreneurial failure, there will be a strong entrepreneurial atmosphere; The state pays more attention to the creation of personal wealth, with financial support from various channels and a perfect entrepreneurial service system; If the industry has a fair and just competitive environment, it will encourage more people to start businesses.