The reason why Xianguo was named Won surname was that there were many countries with Won surname around Xianguo at that time, such as Jiang Guo in the northwest and East, and they had very good relations with Jiang and other countries, so it was probably thought that Xianguo should be Jiang Guo and. However, from the historical records such as Zuo Zhuan, it is impossible for the string country to win the surname. "Zuo Zhuan Xi Gong Five Years" contains "Chu capital ancient Yu Tu put out the string, black boy ran to the Yellow River." So Jiang, Huang, Dao and Bai Fang hit it off and got married. The so-called "cross-marriage" refers to the long-term intermarriage between countries such as Jiang and Huang. According to the principle of not marrying with the same surname in Zhou dynasty, it can be proved that Jiang and Huang are not the same family.
As for the origin of the surname Kui, the academic circles generally believe that it was originally a branch of northern Miao people and a descendant of ancient tribes. "Mandarin Zhou Yuzhong" says: "Di, Kui also." Zhao Wei said: "Wei Xiao's surname is Ming Ye." There is also a saying in Guoyu: "As a Zhou Dynasty, there were Shen Guo, Fu, Ying, Deng, Chen, Cai, Sui and Tang in the south, and Wei, Yan, Di, Xian Yu, Lu, Quan, Xu and Pu in the north." Lu, Luo, Quan, Xu and Pu are all people with the same surname. Wang Fu, a Han nationality, wrote "A Thousand Commandments on Zhi's Family": "Kui's surname is Wei, and Heng's surname is Wei, both of which are archaic surnames." It can be seen that in the historical materials from the pre-Qin Dynasty to the Han Dynasty, the surname Kui originated from the Northern Emperor. Wei Xiao, whose surname is Sidi, is the blood of Emperor Yan.
After textual research, Mr. He Guangyue thinks that the origin of the Northern Emperor is complicated, but they all belong to the Yanhuang clan. For example, after the Huns were Xia Jie, Bai Di and Chang Di were descendants of the Yellow Emperor, and Chidikui's surname was descendants of Yan Di. Yan and Huang originally moved from the west to the east. Later, when the center of gravity of the two tribes shifted from Hebei and Shanxi to the south, they preserved the more primitive tribal characteristics in the rest of the north, which was collectively called the Northern Emperor in later literature. The Northern Emperor grew during the Xia Liang period. In Shang Dynasty, Sidi's surname was Kui, which was a powerful "ghost country" in the northwest of Shang Dynasty [3](323). It often threatened the security of Shang Dynasty, which was recorded in Oracle Bone Inscriptions.
In the Zhou Dynasty, in order to appease the Zhou people, the Zhou royal family wantonly enfeoffed the northern branches as vassal states. For example, in Guoyu, it is said that Lu, Luo, Quan, Xu and Pu are all countries, and their surnames are Kui.
During the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, Di people's main forces were concentrated in Shaanxi, Shanxi and Hebei provinces, but their forces had crossed the Yellow River and reached the Central Plains. "Zhuangzi Xu Wugui" said: "The Yellow Emperor will meet Potts on the hill ... As for the wilderness of Xiangcheng, the seven saints are all fascinated and there is nothing to ask." I asked the boy the way when I met him. "Juzi is located between Yuzhou, Xinmi and Xinzheng in Henan Province, and it is the remaining vein of Funiu Mountain, or Taikui Mountain and Dakui Mountain. Xu thinks: "Dakui or a branch of the clan with Kui as its surname." (89) This speculation is reasonable. It shows that at a very early time, a branch of Kratos named Sidi crossed the Yellow River and moved to the hinterland of the Central Plains. Xu believes that the Zhou Dynasty restored the country, and the countries on both sides of the Huaihe River were enfeoffed by the Zhou Dynasty, with the surname (89). From this point of view, it is not surprising that there is a string of countries called Kui in Xinyang area on the south bank of Huaihe River.
Whether Fu, Hu and other countries belong to the same branch remains to be further verified, but what is certain is that Kui is a tribe that moved south to the Central Plains in Shang Dynasty, and was sealed in southern Henan by Zhou Dynasty, living together with Jiang Guo, Daoguo, Guoguo and Liuguo, Jiang Guo and other Ji surnames. On the one hand,
The Spring and Autumn Annals and Zuo Zhuan both recorded the country of string once, which was recorded in the Spring and Autumn Annals in the fifth year of Lu Xigong (655 BC): "The Chu people set off strings and the black boy went to the Yellow River." Zuo Zhuan is slightly more detailed than Spring and Autumn Annals: "Chu fights against the ancient Yu Tu and the black boy rushes to the Yellow River. So Jiang, Huang, Dao and Bai Fang got along and got married. " Black boy relied on it, but he didn't care about things. He didn't have equipment, so he died. Judging from these brief descriptions, Guo Xian was made a viscount in the Zhou Dynasty, which is also the same title in most countries with different surnames in the middle and upper reaches of Huaihe River.
After the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, Chu gradually rose. In the summer of the eighth year of Huan Gong (704 BC), Chu Wuwang "met the vassal in Lu Shen" (222). This was the first time that Chu made an alliance with the northern vassal state as a master, and it was also the first time that he publicly conquered the northern vassal state. During the reign of King Wen of Chu, he began to conquer and annex the vassal states between the Jiang, Han and Huai River basins. "Chu Qiang, Lingjiang and Han are all small countries, and small countries are afraid of them." (Chu family) (1346) After conquering the small country between Jiang Han, the strength of Chu people greatly extended to the north, with Jiang Han as the main position and marching eastward along the Huaihe River, serving Chen, Cai, Juexi and Deng successively. Under the military attack of the Chu people, countries in the Eastern Han Dynasty had to surrender to the Chu people and pay tribute. These small countries are unwilling to submit to the Chu people for a long time. In order to protect themselves, the small countries in the upper reaches of Huaihe River formed an alliance and sought protection from the great powers in the Central Plains. In order to isolate Chu, Qi Huangong, the overlord of the northern governors at that time, also intended to woo the small countries in the upper reaches of Huaihe River. In this context, Jiang, Huang, Xian, Dao, Bai and other countries joined the Northern Group headed by Qi.
It is precisely because of joining the Northern Alliance that the Chu people feel that these small countries are unreliable. In order to establish a stable base area south of Huaihe River, Chu people quickly annihilated dissidents. After that, Xi Guo became the county of Chu people, and Huang Guo, near the east of Xi Guo Xian Guo, was the main goal of Chu people. In 655 BC, King Chu Cheng took Wen Zi as the general, and took advantage of the surprise of Xianguo to destroy Xianguo in one fell swoop. The king of Xianguo fled to his ally Huang Guo, and Xianguo ended its own survival history. Seven years later, the state of Huang was also destroyed by the Chu people.
After the Chu people destroyed Xian and Huang, Xian, Huang and Huang became important military bases, contending with the princes of the Central Plains in the north and rushing to the middle reaches of the Huaihe River in the east, so Xian became the military focus of repeated struggles between Chu people and Wu people. "Thirty Years of Zuo Zhuan Gong" contains: "Wu people invaded Chu, cut foreigners, invaded money, and merged six. Chu, Shen, Yin and Qi Shuai saved Qian, and so did Wu Shi. Chu Shi moved to Nangang and came back. Wu poetry encircles the strings. Sashima Hiroshi, Uchijima Yoshio saves the string, and yu zhang. " Wu. "Killer here is Killer of Chu.
Textual research on geography: Guangshan, Land of Spring and Autumn 18 1, Counties for eleven years. Gu Zuyu's Notes on Reading Historical Records, Volume 50, Henan Five and guangzhou fu contain: "Forty-five miles west of Guangzhou County. South to Huguang Macheng County, 200 Li. Spring and autumn string country. " About the location of Guo Xian, historical records mostly point to southern Henan and northern Hubei, but there are different opinions about the specific location.
1, near Guangshan County or at the junction of Huangchuan and Guangshan in the southwest.
"Xinyang Local Records" said: "There is no site in the string country 5 kilometers west of Guangshan County, its capital." "China Dictionary of Ancient and Modern Place Names" said: "The string is the name of Zhou. Viscount, destroyed in Chu in the Spring and Autumn Period. In the five years of the Spring and Autumn Period, "Chu people set off their strings and went to the Yellow River." The old city is in the southwest of Huangchuan County, Henan Province. "
2. In the northwest of Huangchuan County.
Yang Bojun believes: "Its country should be in the northwest of Huangchuan County and the south of Xixian County."
3. In Huanggang, Hubei Province
The article "River Water" in Volume 35 of Notes on Water Classics reads: "The river flows south to Chibi Mountain on the left, and the mountain is adjacent to Jiangchuan. It goes east to the south of Xiyang County and the county governs Xiyang County. " Jin Shu Daoji holds that Heizi is also a country. On the right bank of the river, there are the old city of Hubei County and Fan Chu's hometown. According to "Shiben", Xiong went to be ill and made Zihong king of Hubei. "Jin Taikang Di Ji" thought that eastern Hubei was no longer in Kyushu "said: Well, Wuchang is today. ..... On the left side of the river is water, which flows from the Lingshan Mountain under Honglou County, that is, Dabie Mountain. The mountain like Jueshui is called Fenshui Mountain, or Bashan Mountain. ..... and the county east path is in the south of the city, so the string country is also. "In the Spring and Autumn Period, in the fifth autumn of Xi, Qi Huangong, Chu destroyed the string and Heizai went to the Yellow River.
4. In the Xianju area in the northwest of Guangshan County today.
Zheng Qiao's Genealogy II says: "Xian is the marriage of Jiang, Huang, Tao and Bai. Du is in the southeast of Yiyang County. " According to the ancient city, it is now 40 miles north of Gwangju Xianju. "Lu Shi Ji Er Guo Hao" says: "String, viscount, Chu destroys it. In the southeast of Yixian County, Yiyang City, Duyun, Shili Xiange, the fairy home of modern light, is also located in the east. Wude was a string state for three years. "This ancient city is 40 miles north of Xianju." Volume 9 of Yuanhe County Annals, Henan Road Five, Gwangju County Annals says: "One hundred miles south, now Han Guo Xi 'an County, destroyed by Chu in the Spring and Autumn Period, belongs to Jiangxia County ... the ancient city of Qixian County, which is 40 miles north of the county seat, and is also the capital of Guo Xian in the Spring and Autumn Period." Du You, a native of the Tang Dynasty, wrote in Zhou County Records 18 1: "In the five years of Lu Xigong, the Chu people lost their strings. The string is in Yiyang county. ..... Guangshan, the land of countries in the Spring and Autumn Period. Han Xiyang county also. Jin is from Guangcheng County. ..... Xianju, Han County also. Forty miles north of this county, there is an ancient county. " There is a string pavilion in the east of this county. "
Looking at these four theories, it is considered that the fourth view-the ancient string kingdom in Xianju area in the northwest of Guangshan accords with historical facts.
The first point of view mainly comes from Li Daoyuan's Notes on Water Classics. Volume 30 of Notes on Water Classics contains the article Huai Shui: "Huai Shui joins the Yellow River in the northeast, and the water flows out of Huangwushan Mountain to the northeast, and Mu Ling pays attention to water. Water is drawn from Muling Mountain and flows to the Yellow River in the northwest. Huangshui is east to the south of Xiyang, Shanxi, and east to the south of Guangcheng, which belongs to Zuojun County. " The northeast trail is higher than the south, so it is also a string of countries. "Huangshui today flows from Xinxian County to the west of Guangshan County, then eastward through Guangshan County, and then through Huangchuan County to the northeast. According to Li Daoyuan, the ancient city of Guo Xian should be near today's Guangshan County, and the Guo Xian area also extends from Guangshan to the southwest of Huangchuan along the Yellow River. However, this statement is contrary to historical facts, because the Huang State, which existed at that time and at the same time, occupied the whole territory of Huangchuan County today, and even reached the west of luoshan county today. 1In April, 983, a tomb of the Huang couple in the early Spring and Autumn Period was unearthed in Baoxiang Temple in the west of Guangshan County, which can prove that the west of Guangshan County was the territory of the Huang Kingdom as early as the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Period, otherwise it would never become the cemetery of the Huang royal family. From this perspective, Li Daoyuan is wrong.
The second view is that xian county is located in the northwest of Huangchuan County and the south of Xixian County, which belong to the territory of Guo Huang and Xixian County in the Spring and Autumn Period respectively, and Guo Xian has no room to live here.
The third point comes from the Book of Jin. "Tunnel Biography" is also based on Ban Gu's Geography of Hanshu. The chapter "Jiangxia County" in Geography contains: "Fourteen counties (Jiangxia County), Xiling, Jingling, Xiyang, Xiang, Zhu, E, Anlu, Shaxian, Qichun ... But Xiyang County and Tixian County in Han Dynasty, and As the Eastern Jin Dynasty crossed the river south, a large number of people in the Central Plains moved south, and the states, counties and counties in the Central Plains were re-established in the south, so-called overseas Chinese counties. According to the Records of Counties and Counties in Song Dynasty, there were still Yiyang and Xiyang counties and Xiyang, Le 'an and Zhizhi counties in Liu and Song Dynasties in the Southern Dynasties, but these counties were all on both sides of the Yangtze River and were by no means the original Han counties on the south bank of Huaihe River. Therefore, Li Daoyuan recorded two places in Guo Xian in Notes to the Water Mirror, both of which were caused by the extension of the old name of Guangshan Chixian County in Huanggang during the Southern and Northern Dynasties.
The fourth view is also the most inclined view in historical materials. Du Yu said, "The string kingdom is in the southeast of yiyang county." (250) With regard to the furniture in Chi County, "Tongzhi Family II" says: "The ancient city of Chi is now 40 miles north of Guangzhou Xianju." "Tongdian" Volume 181 also said "Xianju, Han County also. Forty miles north of this county, there is an ancient county. " There is a string pavilion in the east of this county. "The history of this road also said the same thing. Guangshan County was built in the home of Liu Song Yuan in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. Liu Song was the county site, Liang was abandoned, and Sui was changed to Guangshan County. After the Sui Dynasty, although the setting of counties has changed, the county has been inherited to this day. Xianju County in the Tang Dynasty is located in Xianju Store in the northwest of Luoshan today.
To sum up, in the Spring and Autumn Period, the center of the ancient string kingdom should be in the western, northern and eastern regions of Guangjin Mountain, and the Han Dynasty was the location of Guti County and Xiyang County, and its capital should be ten miles east of Guangshan Xianju Store in the northwest of Guangjin today. Qi is in the north, Jiang Guo in the northwest and Huang in the east. There are two rivers in the territory: Zhugan River and Zhaihe River. Here is a large alluvial plain on the south bank of Huaihe River, with fertile soil and good water conservancy conditions, which is an ideal place to develop agriculture in ancient times.
The monarch's lineage was ruled by Wei Zian Liezi Feng Xiao Wen Zi Xingde filial piety Ping Zi Liedewen Keiko Zhong Keiko Li Anzi You Xiang Linzi? -69 1 year ago, 690 years ago -66 1 year ago, 660 years ago -655 years ago, he died in the state of Chu.