Only in this way can we educate the people, change the customs, and the people around us can be completely convinced, and people far away will also submit to him. This is the purpose of teaching and educating people in universities.
I. Translation
In ancient times, there was a school called Shu in every 25 schools, Dong in every 500 schools and Xu in every 12,500 schools.
[Imperial College] enrolls students every year and assesses every other year. In the first year, examine students' ability to break sentences into chapters and find out the meaning of scripture. In the third year, whether students concentrate on their studies and are close to their classmates is investigated. In the fifth year, whether students study extensively and are close to teachers is investigated. In the seventh year, the students' ability to discuss academic right and wrong and identify friends was investigated. It's called Cheng Xiao.
In the ninth year, students can draw inferences from others and draw inferences from others, and their ideas and opinions are firm and do not violate the teacher's teaching. "Reaching the learning standard at this stage" is called "Dacheng". Only in this way can we educate the people, change the customs, and the people around us can be completely convinced, and people far away will also submit to him. This is the purpose of teaching and educating people in universities.
The ancient book says: "People who study should follow the example of the spirit of small ants holding soil and making mounds." That's the truth!
Second, the original text
Ancient teachers have schools, the party has difficulties, the art is orderly, and state-owned learning. Admission the following year, middle-aged exam. Different from the classic year; Three-year-old professional music group; Five years teaching experience; Seven years of study and making friends is a small achievement. I have known the class very well for nine years and stood firm and did not object. This is a great achievement. Husband is enough to change the customs, and those who are near will persuade him, and those who are far away will be pregnant. This is also the way of university. "Ji" said: "A moth puts out a fire, which can be used for reference." That's what it means!
Third, the source
The Book of Rites and Learning Records
Extended data
First, the creative background
The Book of Rites is said to have been compiled by Dai Sheng, a native of Liang Dynasty in the Western Han Dynasty, from various etiquette works before Qin and Han Dynasties, with a total of 49 articles. It is a social change after the Warring States and the Western Han Dynasty, including the inheritance and change of social system, etiquette system and people's ideas. It is one of the classic works of Confucianism.
Its ideas include social, political, ethical, philosophical, religious and other aspects, among which "University", "The Doctrine of the Mean" and "Book of Rites" contain rich philosophical thoughts.
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zheng Xuan, a famous scholar, made an incisive comment on The Book of Rites of Little Dai. Later, this book became popular, and gradually became a classic from the works explaining scriptures. The Tang Dynasty was listed as one of the "Nine Classics" and the Song Dynasty was included in the "Thirteen Classics", which is a must-read book for scholars.
Second, the appreciation of works
After reading this document, it is easy to remind us of a passage that Mao Zedong said in On Practice: "If you want to know the taste of pears, you have to turn them into pears and eat them yourself." From this, we can see a major feature of Confucianism: it attaches great importance to practice and demands that the truth understood be put into action, and that the truth is good through action.
In practice, we must be realistic and face the reality with a sober and calm attitude. One is one, not two. Even if you are wrong, you should dare to admit it, match words with deeds, integrate theory with practice, and oppose short theory. This naturally leads to the conclusion that "learning is insufficient and teaching is difficult".
Learning itself is a kind of practical activity. Of course, we should treat it with a realistic attitude, not with falsehood and arrogance. As Mao Zedong said, "Pride makes people lag behind, while modesty makes people progress." On the other hand, teaching and learning complement each other, and they complement each other. It is also realistic and practical to look at the problem this way.
Three. Brief introduction of the author
Dai Sheng, Ci Jun, was an official and scholar in the Western Han Dynasty, a pioneer of Confucian classics in the Han Dynasty, and a native of Suiyang (now Suiyang District, Shangqiu City, Henan Province). ?
The date of birth and death is unknown. He is called Dai Xiao. He and his uncle Dade wrote The Book of Rites in Houcang. When Xuandi was a doctor, he participated in the Shiqu Pavilion and served as the satrap of Jiujiang. This Book of Rites (one of the Confucian classics), that is, Dai Xiao's Book of Rites, has been handed down as a holy book. Han Shu was written in the seventh year of Han Dynasty (AD 80).
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