The Pythagorean School, also known as the "South Italian School", is an organization that integrates politics, academics and religion. Founded by the ancient Greek philosopher Pythagoras. It came into being at the end of 6th century BC and was forced to dissolve in 5th century BC. Most of its members are mathematicians, astronomers and musicians. It is the earliest school to explore the essence of beauty in the history of western aesthetics.
Pythagoras school believes that number is the origin of all things, the essence of things is determined by a certain quantitative relationship, and everything constitutes a harmonious order according to a certain quantitative ratio; Therefore, they put forward the view that "beauty is harmony", thinking that the harmony of music is composed of tones of different heights and weights in a certain proportion. "Music is the harmonious unity of opposing factors, which leads to the unity of heterogeneity and disharmony." This is the germination of ancient Greek art dialectics, and it also contains the universal principle of "keeping order in change" in art.
Pythagoras marks the birth of an "aesthetic/mathematical" world view: everything exists because of its order and because it is orderly for the realization of mathematical laws. Mathematical laws are both conditions of existence and beauty.