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Principles and ways of low-cost operation of enterprises
With the deepening of power system reform and the increasingly fierce market competition, it is a very important and urgent task for power generation enterprises in China to reduce production costs and improve market competitiveness. In recent years, Xuzhou Power Generation Co., Ltd., with scientific and technological progress as the guide and management innovation as the means, has continuously strengthened its production and operation, fully implemented low-cost operation, and embarked on a new industrialization road with high scientific and technological content, good economic benefits, low resource consumption and less environmental pollution, which has enhanced the competitive strength of enterprises and promoted their healthy, coordinated and sustainable development.
First, speed up scientific and technological innovation and lay a material foundation for low-cost operation.
Modern and efficient production equipment is an important material basis for reducing production costs. Xuzhou Power Generation Co., Ltd. has installed four 125MW units and four 200MW units since its establishment in the mid-1970s.
Group B is the early products of Shanghai and Sichuan Oriental factories respectively. Limited and influenced by the design level, manufacturing capacity, processing technology and installation quality at that time, these units are safe and reliable in economic performance and safety.
Controllability, adjustability and automation are at a rather low level, which not only has high production cost, but also has low economic benefits, which seriously hinders the further development and competitiveness of enterprises. In order to reduce production costs, improve and develop market competitiveness, Xuzhou Power Generation Co., Ltd. seized the opportunity and took advantage of the trend according to the national policy of "three changes and one strength" for old state-owned enterprises, and successively implemented modern technological transformation with the main content of expanding capacity and saving energy. After technical transformation, the total power generation increased by 10%, and the installed capacity increased from 1300MW to1430 MW; . The coal consumption of single power supply decreased by 20 g/kWh, and the safety, reliability, adjustability, economy and automation level of the unit rose to a new level, which laid a solid material foundation for realizing low-cost operation and improving market competitiveness.
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With the rapid development of national economy, the demand load of Jiangsu power grid is relatively large, and the units of our company participate in peak shaving frequently, which makes the difference between peak and valley of unit operation large. In order to further tap the energy-saving potential of excavators and reduce the coal consumption of power supply, our company also
Focusing on the goal of safety, economy, high efficiency, environmental protection, automation and modernization, the steam turbine, boiler, electrical auxiliary equipment, thermal control, chemical water and fuel are further improved in terms of equipment upgrading, unit performance optimization, energy saving and consumption reduction.
System, etc., to implement a new round of scientific research and technological transformation. Through the economic comparison test of Energy Conservation Institute, the average annual coal consumption of power supply for the reformed unit is reduced, and the on-grid electricity consumption is increased, with obvious economic benefits. In addition, we also installed a plasma ignition device in the 670t/h (#7) boiler. This new technology of "boiler oil-free ignition" has created the history of boiler oil-free start-up in our company and is also a new way to save energy and reduce consumption.
In order to explore the best operation mode of the unit, we cooperated with the Thermal Power Research Institute of the State Power Corporation to carry out optimized operation tests on the economic operation modes of 220MW and 137.5MW units. A large number of optimal operation data of units are obtained through experiments, which plays an important role in low-cost operation of units under different loads.
Through scientific and technological innovation and technical transformation, the modernization level and economic performance of unit equipment have been greatly improved, and the production cost has been effectively reduced, which not only improves the productivity level and market competitiveness of our company, but also creates favorable conditions for online bidding.
Second, strengthen cost budgeting and control, and establish effective channels for low-cost operation.
With the deepening of power system reform, the situation of online bidding is becoming increasingly severe. Strengthening management in an all-round way, taking various measures to reduce production costs and realize low-cost operation are important means to improve market competitiveness and the way for enterprises to survive and develop.
In terms of business management, our company earnestly adheres to the guiding ideology of business management centered on business management, financial management centered on business management, and financial management centered on capital management, firmly grasps the main line of "low-cost operation", and effectively controls and reduces production costs by strengthening budget management, implementing asset management responsibility system and risk of mortgage system.
(A) adhere to the principle of low cost control
1, economic principle
The economic principle means that the cost of implementing cost control should not exceed the income lost due to lack of control.
In terms of cost control, our company adheres to the principle of seeking truth from facts, paying equal attention to benefits and efficiency, and does not follow the fashion and engage in formalism, and improves some flashy and cumbersome procedures. According to the nature of cost items, we adopt different control methods, simply control the normal cost expenditure with small amount, strictly control all kinds of abnormal exception expenditure, and strive to reduce the cost expenditure.
2, the principle of full participation
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This is a comprehensive index reflecting the level of production, operation and management of enterprises. Therefore, cost management should be based on production consumption, product design, production, sales, storage, management, equipment utilization, raw material procurement, and manpower distribution.
All aspects. In addition to full-time cost management personnel, the personnel involved in cost management should also include the production, operation and management personnel of various departments and the broad masses of employees. The key to effective cost control is to mobilize the enthusiasm of all employees.
Sex, the implementation of full and all-round cost management. Encourage employees to participate in the formulation of control standards, so that employees can understand the difficulties and actual situation of the enterprise, and at the same time establish an appropriate incentive mechanism to encourage employees throughout the company to actively participate in cost control.
System, do everything possible to reduce production costs.
3. Leadership-driven principle
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Because cost control involves all employees, it is bound to encounter some difficulties and even resistance. Therefore, it must be promoted by company leaders. The leaders of our company attach great importance to cost control and fully support the cost control workers in relevant departments.
Work. In the cost control work, the company leaders have formulated a series of cost control measures aimed at reducing production costs, with low-cost operation as the main line and effective cost control as the means, which are highly operational.
Sex, practicality and effectiveness have achieved remarkable results. At the same time, company leaders also set an example, strictly control their own responsibility costs, and set an example for employees.
(2) Strengthening cost budgeting and control.
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At present, low-cost management must establish and improve a set of cost control system and strengthen the control of production costs. Therefore, our company has established cost forecasting, decision-making, planning, accounting,
A complete set of cost control system such as control, analysis and assessment, a comprehensive budget management system with full participation, whole process management and all-round monitoring, scientifically and reasonably manage and control all links in the production and operation process of enterprises.
Strive to get the maximum economic benefit with the least production cost. We also hold a monthly cost analysis meeting to find out the causes of cost fluctuation, tap the potential of reducing production consumption and saving costs, and promote the reduction of production costs.
Further reduce.
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In cost management, we first make a serious cost forecast. Through cost forecast, plan the cost level and cost target in a certain period, compare and analyze various schemes to achieve the cost target, and make the most effective cost decision.
Then, according to the specific content of cost decision, the cost plan is compiled as the basis of cost control. We have also established and improved the cost accounting system, adopted appropriate cost accounting methods, and correctly accounted for the product cost.
Strengthen the assessment and analysis of costs, strictly control the scope and quantity of costs, and save costs to the maximum extent. At the same time, further strengthen the daily cost audit and supervision, and find and overcome the budget execution problems in the production process at any time.
Deviation and loss waste phenomenon, minimize production costs.
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To do a good job in cost management, we must strengthen cost control in strict accordance with the budget plan. At the beginning of each year, we conduct a lot of analysis, investigation, prediction and discussion according to the budget plan given to our company by our superiors and the actual situation of our company.
Certificate, put forward a strict annual cost budget plan and implementation plan, and decompose the cost budget indicators into layers. In order to strengthen cost control, we take the economic responsibility system and risk of mortgage system as means to put all
The wages and bonuses of unit leaders and employees are linked to the cost of each unit, and are managed, inspected, assessed, rewarded and punished by sections. This measure has fully played and mobilized the role of various units and departments in cost control.
Enthusiasm, forming an all-round and multi-level cost control system, effectively controlling costs.
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To strengthen cost management and cost control, we must implement meticulous management, and make great efforts in detail, reality and strictness. First, from the source control, adhere to one in investment project optimization, design project optimization and early investment control.
The word "early"-early. Grasp the beginning, the starting point, and firmly grasp the initiative of cost control; Highlight the word "fine"-careful calculation. For each project, cost, in line with the principle of thrift, accuracy and meticulous.
Calculate, from the past "spending money" to "spending money", do our best to save all kinds of expenses, and resolutely do not spend money that should not be spent; Grasp the word "strict"-strict control. In the use of expenses, expenses, reimbursement, etc.
On the other hand, strictly follow the budget plan, resolutely control the expenditure exceeding the plan, and control the production cost to a minimum; Be a "real" word-real. Cost control plans and measures have been implemented and closed.
Achieve practical results, so that all costs are effectively controlled. The second is to implement cost target management and effectively strengthen cost control in the process of production and operation. Cost budget, plan, project, unit, department, person in charge,
By September, the cost target should be clear, the responsibilities should be clearly implemented, and the rewards and punishments should be clear. Insist on holding an economic activity analysis meeting once a month to find and solve problems in management and cost control in time.
Problems, and constantly improve management level.
(3) Strengthen the management of electric coal and control the fuel cost.
Fuel cost is the main factor in the cost composition of thermal power plants. Strengthening the management of electric coal and controlling the fuel cost is an important link to realize low-cost operation.
1, strengthen the construction of fuel internal control system. We have issued a series of fuel management standards, established various assessment systems for fuel management, and formed a closed-loop management system from coal quality detection, weighing and settlement to efficiency assessment.
2. Seriously implement the fuel management measures of Xinyuan Company, deeply study the policies of thermal coal industry and coal market, optimize the allocation of coal resources, and take effective measures to reduce coal prices on the basis of ensuring the supply of thermal coal.
3. Strengthen comprehensive fuel management and do everything possible to reduce costs and increase efficiency. According to the quality change of electric coal, do a good job in coal blending and combustion, and strive to reduce fuel costs by optimizing combustion adjustment. At the same time, further strengthen the acceptance of incoming coal, strengthen the supervision of fuel efficiency, and strive to improve the comprehensive benefits of fuel management.
4、
Relying on scientific and technological progress to develop fuel management information system and improve fuel management level. In recent years, we have reformed the equipment and improved the environment of the whole coal conveying system and realized the automatic control of the program. The dynamic orbit has been further improved.
Daoheng and true coal calibration device make the coal and coal sample retention automatic. The development and utilization of on-line monitoring system of impeller coal feeder and intelligent inspection system of detective have been completed. Technological innovation has not only improved
The improvement of fuel management level also plays an important role in saving energy and reducing consumption.
Third, strengthen information construction and innovate modern means of low-cost operation.
Advanced information system is an important means for enterprises to realize low-cost operation. In recent years, our company has increased investment in capital and technology, and through updating, transformation and adjustment, the company's informatization construction level has been continuously improved.
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In terms of information construction, we follow the general working idea that the production management information system takes "real-time data" as the main line, and the management information system takes "financial information" as the main line, and takes the transaction operation layer, transaction management layer and decision-making as the main line.
Around three application levels, the command layer has established application systems such as production technology management, production operation management, planning statistics management, financial management, fuel management, labor and personnel management, office automation, and comprehensive inquiry. Basically,
It covers all fields of production management and operation management.
In terms of business management, with the help of the management idea of ERP, we carry out the working concept of "integration", take "financial management" as the center and "comprehensive budget management" as the leader, and construct information systems such as financial management, material management and human resource management from "operation layer (team), management layer (secondary organization) and decision-making layer (company)". Through the informatization construction of operation management, monthly and quarterly budget analysis and real-time tracking are promoted, cost budget control before and during operation is realized, and low-cost operation is effectively promoted.
In production management, a "factory-level monitoring information system" has been established. The system takes real-time production data as the core, focuses on establishing real-time and historical data platforms, effectively integrates the information among the production process, production management, operation management and upper-level decision-making of the whole company, and establishes systems such as on-line analysis of production cost, on-line calculation of unit performance indicators, and production process monitoring, so as to provide effective management monitoring means for producers, managers and decision makers.
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In the factory-level monitoring information system, through the production process analysis management platform, it provides decision-making basis for leaders to implement low-cost operation; By strengthening the monitoring of unit operation parameters and equipment status, the operation management has been promoted and improved.
The operation efficiency and the safety production level are improved; Through real-time data integration, the online monitoring management and equipment defect management of the whole company are strengthened, the reliability of equipment is improved, the maintenance cycle is shortened and the maintenance cost is reduced.
Effect; By mastering real-time operation data and input-output information, a plant-level dynamic cost analysis system is established to dynamically track and analyze the operation and management costs of the whole company, thus reducing raw material consumption and operation.
The purpose of maintaining cost and controlling production cost.
Fourth, strengthen education and training to form the talent advantage of low-cost operation.
Xuzhou Power Generation Co., Ltd. is an old state-owned enterprise with more than 4,000 employees. Due to historical reasons, there are problems such as abundant human resources and relative shortage, large number of employees and low overall quality, which not only increases the personnel cost of enterprises, but also affects the economic benefits of enterprises.
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The leading group of our company believes that to implement low-cost management and improve the economic benefits of enterprises, we must improve the comprehensive quality of the workforce, reduce staff and increase efficiency and reduce personnel in view of the large number of employees, heavy burden, high cost and low efficiency.
Staff cost is a means to promote low-cost operation of enterprises and improve economic benefits. To this end, our company firmly establishes that "human resources are the first resource"
"Everyone can become a talent, so that everyone has a sense of accomplishment", adhere to the strategy of "strengthening enterprises through talents", strive to improve the quality of the workforce, vigorously strengthen the education and training of employees, and strive to improve the quality of the workforce.
The overall quality of the enterprise will turn the disadvantage of more personnel into the advantage of more talents, turn the pressure of surplus personnel into the driving force of strengthening the enterprise with talents, and lay a solid talent foundation for the enterprise to implement low-cost operation and healthy, coordinated and harmonious development.
In terms of employee education and training, our company started with increasing the construction of education and training bases and facilities, and successively established employee training centers, welding training centers and simulation training centers, built domestic first-class 137.5MW, 220MW and 300MW full simulation units, improved computer teaching and multimedia education means, gradually modernized educational facilities, educational networks and educational means, and formed a good atmosphere for employee learning and training.
In order to improve the effect of education and training, our company adheres to the education and training mode of "combining internal and external, taking various forms simultaneously" and strives to broaden the channels of education and training. One is to run schools jointly with relevant universities and technical secondary schools. With the help of the advantages of colleges and universities, talents in applied enterprises are cultivated. In recent years, more than 1000 college and undergraduate students have graduated one after another. The second is to send personnel to go out for training and study and train at relevant training bases or large power enterprises. In recent years, more than 800 people have gone out to participate in the study and training of enterprise management, production and operation, senior workers, senior technicians and technicians, and achieved good results. The third is to hold various forms of post and skill training courses to train employees in posts and skills. In recent years, more than 240 training courses have been held, with more than 1 1000 participants. Fourth, vigorously carry out on-the-job training, technical contests and skill competitions to continuously improve the production skills of employees. In recent years, more than 540 training programs have been carried out, with more than 10000 participants. Fifth, make full use of computer networks, closed-circuit television and other media for knowledge dissemination and online education to provide good learning and training conditions for employees. Through various forms of education and training, employees will develop healthily in the direction of "specialization, precision and knowledge".
Through education and training, the education level, skill level and management ability of employees have been greatly improved. 93% of our production technicians under 45 years old have received secondary and above vocational and technical education; 91%of technical, business and management personnel are under 45 years old and have a college degree or above; 100% of the enterprise's senior managers and senior engineers and technicians have obtained a bachelor's degree or above, and 15 has obtained a postgraduate degree. At present, our company has senior technicians 134, intermediate technicians 523 and senior workers 1254. Seven technical leaders, 10 skilled talents, 10 excellent management talents, 10 excellent young talents, 1 2 provincial company experts and 3 provincial company third-level experts emerged. Through all-round simulation training, 293 all-round duty officers, all-round deputy duty officers and all-round patrol officers emerged. These highly educated, highly specialized, highly skilled and a large number of intermediate professional and technical personnel have built a strong talent highland for enterprises to implement low-cost operation and rapid development.
Through skill training, the maintenance skills of maintenance personnel have been greatly improved, from being able to undertake the maintenance of one unit in this unit to going to the external market at present and carrying out the maintenance of three units at the same time. Our maintenance team not only firmly occupies the power maintenance market of more than ten power generation enterprises in Jiangsu Province, but also occupies a certain share in the power maintenance market of more than ten provinces and cities in China, such as Guangdong, Shenzhen, Jiangxi, Anhui, Shandong and Henan. In 2004, our maintenance team also went abroad and flew to Malaysia to undertake the overhaul, electrical test, metal inspection and other projects of steam turbine body, boiler and auxiliary valve of 50MW generator set in Kuching Power Plant. At present, our company has more than 1000 maintenance personnel separated from its main business. Through the separation of maintenance personnel, the personnel cost of the main business is greatly reduced, and considerable economic and social benefits are created for the enterprise.
Through all-round simulation training, the operating level of operators has been greatly improved. At present, 330 people have undertaken the operation tasks of 680 people in the past, the cost of operators has been reduced by 5 1.47%, and the work efficiency has been more than doubled. Through the above low-cost operation