(1) China's commerce rose earlier. The ancient commerce in China developed and prospered under the suppression of the government's policy of emphasizing agriculture and restraining commerce.
(2) unprecedented prosperity in Song and Yuan Dynasties; Domestic trade and foreign trade are fully prosperous; Flying money and paper money similar to bank counters and bills of exchange appeared very early;
(3) commerce is strongly controlled by the government;
(4) The commercial prosperity in cities and towns is high;
⑤ Tribute was the main way of China's ancient foreign trade, and its political purpose was greater than its economic purpose.
⑥ During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, China's foreign trade gradually shrank due to the rulers' policy of forbidding the sea and "closing the country to the outside world".