The work of IT industry can be roughly divided into R&D, marketing, technical support, production and management. When you go to the job fair, you can ask the interviewer according to this classification: Is your position an R&D position or a production position? Maybe some interviewers in small companies will be questioned by you. Daniel of PM Circle Network asked HR before interviewing the interviewer.
1, R&D Jobs
Including software research and development and hardware research and development, completing project development or customizing products in a company. Generally speaking, software research and development are basically designers and manufacturers of products, and hardware research and development can only be regarded as designers. Because there are still production links behind. Usually R&D positions include R&D, QA, configuration manager, architect, team leader, project manager, R&D assistant, etc. , are all research positions. Generally, it does not include department managers, who manage people and should be regarded as management positions. But some small companies, department managers and project managers, even architects, are confused and need specific analysis. The word rd is particular, that is, design and implementation. It has two meanings. Design is to decide how to do one thing, and realization is to do it. At the beginning, it may be done first, and then slowly design, module design, system design and so on. If you do well, you will gradually specialize in design and become an architect. Software personnel generally don't understand RD, and designers are generally implementers, because basically after the program is knocked out, the product will come out. Hardware personnel are different, usually designers and QA of the first round of white box testing. When the product test developed by Chengdu APP is stable and finalized, it can be handed over to the pilot department for product testing, and finally the Chengdu website will be put into online patch production. QA is generally divided into software testing and product pilot testing. Large and medium-sized enterprises such as Huawei and Maipu, which mainly produce hardware products, have their own pilot departments. Simply put, the pilot testing department is specialized in testing hardware, such as various electrostatic tests, temperature tests, drop tests and vibration tests, to prepare for the final listing of products. Software development usually has a very important role, that is, configuration administrator. Generally, small websites in Chengdu do not have this role, and the responsible testers are also responsible. Large companies will set up this role specially, and this role also has the function of keeping business secrets. Products developed by software personnel are generally called beta on their own machines, and only when they are submitted to version management systems such as CVS or SVN are they called products. The testing department does not test the software from the software personnel, but the configuration administrator compiles the software products from the source code into executable files on the central server, generates installation packages, and then sends them to the testing department. After the test department completes the test, it returns the test report, which is signed by the company leader, and then delivers the software product, that is, the configuration administrator. In large companies, once the software is put into testing, if RD finds bugs, small companies may change them without saying hello, which is not obvious in the process of project control. However, in large companies, it is necessary to issue a document to declare that the previous version is invalid, then re-issue a test application and re-submit the code to go through the process, which will be recorded in the project process, and the invalid version will be the basis for future salary deduction. Therefore, programmers in large companies are generally cautious in releasing tests, which is afraid of this bug. This shortcoming is that they are not sensitive to the market. It may take only a few minutes for a customer to submit a bug, but the process takes one or two days. But the advantage is that the product quality is guaranteed, everyone's work results are recorded, which is convenient for management and the program is almost impossible to leak. Many foreign programmers may have worked in a company all their lives and have never seen the computer they serve. RD works in the terminal, tests locally and submits it to the central server, and the configuration administrator is responsible for the final compilation and submission.
2. Market work
This is probably the most. From a low point of view, the monologue of computer city is the market. From a height, the regional presidents of Huawei and Cisco are actually market players. According to personal experience, the market is divided into sales and marketing. The former is a simple customer transaction service provider, that is, the customer prepares to buy, completes the transaction procedures and assists in delivery. This is the role of Dell's telemarketing girl. Because Dell is customized, they still need to place an order. The latter is a higher-level salesperson who can guide the market, guide customers and facilitate transactions. Generally speaking, the SEO market in Chengdu is actually a technical activity. Few friends are geniuses and can do marketing as soon as they start. We all start with sales and practice slowly. This process may be more difficult than programmers going to architects. Many salespeople can't do marketing all their lives. If you don't believe me, go to the mall and see the salespeople and bus conductors. They are all sales. We often say that every industry has heroes. In fact, in the market, marketing is a hero. Generally speaking, at this point, you can stand at the peak of this industry, go out to give lectures, get the highest commission, enjoy the pleasure of headhunting and digging people, and so on. However, it is difficult. Please pay attention to one sentence, "In this world, 99% of salespeople don't know what they are doing, and that's the problem." Then 1% is marketing. Usually, web designers and developers in Chengdu look down on marketers and always feel that the other party is bluffing, but the marketers of Chengdu Internet companies also look down on developers and always feel that these nerds do not create value. Hehe, don't be angry. Most companies regard R&D unit as the largest cost unit, and only spend money without creating value. Although we design products, this part of the company is financially worthless, and the value of the products will not be reflected until they are sold. Therefore, financially, the R&D department is always in deficit. In fact, we R&D personnel should respect truly powerful marketers. You know, it is actually relatively easy for R&D personnel to become famous and get married. Any professional direction, overcome a difficulty, produce a few papers, produce a product, this R&D personnel can stand out in the company. At least 20%~30% people in a research institute are such arrogant people. But if the market can achieve marketing, as mentioned above, 1% may not even have one. Do you think these people are elites?
3. Technical support for technical support posts. To put it simply, the computer workers in the computer city are also technical support personnel, generally part-time lecturers, and lecturers are generally part-time students, hehe. Further up, customers deliver and unpack-technology, networking-technology, debugging network-technology. I hope you don't take it personally. Network administrator is actually technical support. In Huawei and Maipu, technical support is a special profession, responsible for delivering goods to customers. Because they have a lot of router installation and configuration, and the telecommunications bureau is a big cow, people will not take care of this matter, and manufacturers will solve it. By the way, the telecommunications bureau guards the computer room and is also a technical support. At first, I didn't have this job, so I had to have a part-time R&D staff, because it was a technical job after all. However, after a long time, R&D employees quit, and the boss quit because of the high salary of R&D employees. In everyone's opinion, it is not complicated to configure several IP addresses for connection. If you use R&D staff, the cost is too high. Well, this defines a unique career and technical support in the IT enterprise. Many young friends want to enter the IT industry. They have no capital, can't be bosses, and can't enter the doors of some big companies. The general choice is to start with the technical support of the computer city. At present, the definition of project manager in many system integration companies is different from that in R&D units. In fact, they are also technical support. These companies are generally dealers, not manufacturers, and do not have their own products. Generally speaking, the word channel refers to these companies. The main job of technical support staff in these companies is to see which products I represent, which products have high profits, how I report solutions to customers, design products with high profits and so on. In fact, there is also design work, but obviously, this part of the design work and the previous R&D architect's design are two levels. Of course, there are two special cases. One is that many small and medium-sized architects who do network applications also have this design part. These enterprises are generally project-oriented, do not have their own products, and each order must be customized and developed. This design is similar to the previous system integration design, because many projects include equipment procurement and so on. Another special case is system integration design, which is usually a marketing activity, because since IBM put forward the concept of selling services, turnkey engineering has become the mainstream, and everyone says that they are solution providers. Therefore, marketing usually collects demand, uses the products of our company or agents to form solutions and provides them to customers in an integrated way. Therefore, in terms of career development and technical support, generally speaking, you can also do marketing. Generally speaking, marketing has two production channels, service, technical support or sales. Of course, we can also see the shortcomings of Chengdu's web page production technical support major, because marketing is mainly sales after all, so sales ability is dominant. Because technical support personnel have been dealing with machines for a long time, I'm afraid most of them are machines with poor sales ability. Therefore, less technical support can be transformed into marketing. Of course, there are also technical support personnel who turn back to do research and development, but very few.
4. management posITions generally speaking, management ITself is abstract, not the management of the IT industry, not only produced in the it industry, but also responsible for the it industry. Guo Shina, president of IBM, is not a hero of IT industry background and management. There are too many examples. They have a unified name-professional managers. Generally speaking, the above work can eventually grow into management. However, management is also the hardest. First, people are the most complicated, not as easy to deal with as machines. Second, management depends on luck. Simply saying that the level is not good, you have to be valued by the boss, right? Therefore, if R&D, sales and technology want to become management, the success rate will generally not be higher than 1%. If you don't believe me, count the ratio of managers and ordinary employees in your Chengdu website production company, or the ratio of teachers and students in the school. Although this is not accurate, it can basically explain a problem. In fact, all companies have production jobs, but most bosses don't admit it, and employees don't want to admit it. Big companies, such as Huawei, Maipu, Intel, etc. , mainly produces hardware products, and basically has production departments. Remember, this production department is very important, and production, warehousing and logistics are basically in this area. Don't underestimate production. Now the workers on the production line basically need college education training because they want to open a mounter or something. Some students who are particularly difficult to find jobs at present may wish to consider the production positions of such large enterprises. Large-scale manufacturing industries, such as Midea, Haier and Chengdu website production companies. Many of their management comes from the production line, and the production line is not all workers' posts. Many production technicians and mold designer need to design this job. If a person with higher education enters this department, it is easy to get ahead as long as he is willing to work hard. After all, the competitors around him are too low. Hehe, it's much easier than the institute. 6. There are too many other jobs. The boss is someone else's, and entrepreneurship is someone else's. Since this part is not universal, I won't say much. The financial, secretarial, website construction and other administrative personnel of Chengdu enterprises are all other things.
Two, general software enterprises at all levels of specific positions
1, junior position in software enterprise
1) sales staff
Job description: contact customers by telephone, home visit, etc. Look for sales opportunities.
Required ability: hard-working, serious and responsible, strong communication and expression skills, self-motivated, requiring certain target customer industry knowledge and basic software knowledge.
Harvest: Industry business opportunity information analysis ability, customer communication ability, enterprise management experience, high-level public relations, resource coordination ability.
2) Implementation Engineer (After-sales Engineer)
Work content: understand the customer's business process and various management forms and data, data entry, software installation, debugging and deployment,
Secondary development, training customers to use the software.
Required ability: practical and diligent, serious and responsible, good at listening and analyzing, strong logical thinking ability,
Certain industry knowledge and software programming ability (secondary development)
Harvest: Conduct detailed experience and communication analysis on the operation and management mode of the customer's industry, and guide the customer and the software's use comfort and functional applicability to customers.
3) Customer service
Job Description: Providing technical consultation and complaint handling for customers is an important position for enterprises to improve customer satisfaction. Comprehensively analyze and summarize the main problems in the use of the software, and provide first-hand information for the improvement plan of capability maturity model for software.
Required ability: optimistic, positive, caring, positive and enthusiastic, with service consciousness, learning ability and strong communication skills,
The software is very skilled, proficient in various functions and details.
Harvest: If you have a detailed and systematic understanding of software use and customer use, you can become an excellent communication and open management talent.
4) Test Engineer
Work content: comprehensively test the software code, compile the force library of automatic test software, optimize the code, and make suggestions to Chengdu website construction company.
Required ability: careful, patient and practical, very comprehensive in software language and tools, strong in document ability and rich in programming experience.
Harvest: Fully understand quality management, cost control of software development, be familiar with all kinds of software programming skills, rich experience and overall view of software programming.
5) Programmers
Work content: according to the detailed specification and programming specification, data format and * * *, build a database, write software, realize code and preliminary test. In case of functional adjustment, communicate with team members and project managers in time to discuss solutions.
Determine the steps and methods to solve the problem and complete the code with good quality and quantity.
Required ability: The company needs to be proficient in programming languages, master relevant knowledge, such as network protocols, skillfully use various programming tools, code management tools, modeling tools and other excellent communication skills, problem-solving ability, strong logical thinking ability and comprehensive and systematic thinking mode.
2. Intermediate positions in software enterprises
1) regional sales manager 2) pre-sales engineer 3) pre-sales consultant 4) requirement analysis and architecture junior designer 5) implementation project manager 6) architecture and logic test.
7) Distribution Manager
8) Designer 9) Software Expert/KOOC-0/0) Software Development Project Manager/KOOC-0//KOOC-0/) System Architect/KOOC-0/2) Technical R&D Center Programmer/KOOC-0/3) Technical Center Manager.
3. Senior positions in software enterprises
1) Sales Director 2) Senior Consultant of Solutions 3) Chief Architect of System-wide Solutions before and after sale 4) Chief Architect of System Architecture.
5) Director of Software Development Department 6) Director of Version Release and Development Management 7) Director of SQA Management 8) Technical Director of Software Development Department 9) Chief Engineer
Third, the direction of post development
PS: There are no specific conditions for upward development here, because each website company has different requirements and everyone has different opportunities. The future development still depends on our own efforts! Now I just hope everyone can have their own general development direction after reading it ~
1, salesperson->; Regional sales manager-> sales director-> CEO
2. implementation engineer (after-sales engineer)-> requirements analysis and architecture junior designer->; The overall architect of the whole system solution before and after sale.
Implementation Engineer (After-sales Engineer)-> Implementation Project Manager
Pre-sales Engineer-> Pre-sales Consultant/Product Manager-> Senior Solution Consultant/Department Manager/Department Director
Business requirement analyst->; Business requirement analysis engineer->; Project Manager/Consultant-> Department Manager/Department Director
3. customer service-> pre-sales consultant-> advanced solution consultant
Customer service-> implementation project manager
4. Test Engineer-> Architecture and Logic Testing->; SQA management director
-> engineer->; Release manager-> director of release and development management
5, (1) technology-technology development direction:
Software engineer->; Senior software engineer->; System analyst->; Software architect
Programmer->; Designer-> technical director of software development department
(2) Technology-management development direction:
Software engineer->; Team Leader-> Project Manager-> Department Manager-> Technical Director /R&D Director
Programmer->; Software development project manager->; Director of Software Development Department/Chief Architect of System Architecture
Programmer of technology R&D center->; chief engineer
Programmer of technology R&D center->; Software expert
Fourth, aiming at the positions that software engineers can engage in.
Software engineer->; Pre-sales technical support (coordinating the relationship between users, salespeople and developers, and showing users the product advantages and technical strength of Chengdu Jianzhan Company,
Investigate and understand the initial needs of users, design the initial technical framework of the project, and shield unreasonable needs that are easy to bring technical risks)
Software engineer->; After-sales technical support (responsible for on-site training of company product users and technical support and maintenance of products sold by the company)
Software engineer->; Software development and design (analysis and design, application software development, system upgrade, project development)
Software engineer->; System maintenance management (application system operation management and maintenance, network system application software design and development)
Finally, Mr. Maruko hopes that everyone can achieve priority employment in their favorite fields.