1. Understand news and cultivate students' ability to read news.
2. Read the text and master the characteristics and structure of news.
3. Be able to sort out the content and level according to the news structure and realize the accuracy and conciseness of the language.
4. Comprehensive use of silent reading and independent, cooperative and inquiry learning methods.
5. Feel the overwhelming and invincible momentum of the People's Liberation Army and the fearless spirit of going forward and overwhelming the enemy.
● Learning focus
Grasp the characteristics of news from the style, grasp the theme of war from the subject matter, and experience accurate and concise language from the choice of words and sentences.
● Preparation for study:
Preview the new words and consult the materials of the three major battles of the Liberation War.
Each student prepares a newspaper for the day.
● Instructional design:
First, create a scene and walk into the news.
Major events have occurred in social life, or meaningful new things have emerged. What should we do if we want to tell it to as many people as possible as soon as possible?
Publish news in newspapers, TV or radio. Yes, in modern society, news plays a great role in spreading information. The name "news" in a broad sense includes news, communication, reportage and so on. In a narrow sense, it refers to news. The main features of news can be summarized as four. First, facts speak for themselves. As comrade said: "The definition of news is to report the recent facts." ("Our Basic Views on Journalism") Second, it is prompt and timely. Fast means that it can be quickly spread to readers (or listeners, viewers); Timely means fast, appropriate and suitable for needs. Third, the climax is ahead. When writing news, people usually write the most important, freshest and most concerned facts in the front and the less important ones in the back, forming the so-called "inverted pyramid" structure. The fourth is simplicity. Conciseness means conciseness and clarity; Concise is to accurately grasp the main points of things. The passage "A Million Troops of the People's Liberation Army Crossing the Yangtze River" fully embodies the above characteristics. A million troops of the People's Liberation Army crossed the river, which is an unprecedented spectacle in the history of human war. Tens of thousands of ships were dispatched on the river thousands of miles away, and the PLA braved the bullets and bravely advanced, breaking through the enemy lines and crossing the Yangtze River. The news gave great encouragement to the soldiers of the whole army and the people of the whole country, and it is still touching to read today.
Let's take a look at the news "A Million Troops of the People's Liberation Army Crossing the Yangtze River" written by Mao Zedong himself.
Entering the News —— What are the characteristics and elements of news?
News features: authenticity, timeliness and conciseness.
The elements of news: that is, the six elements of narrative (people, time, place, cause, process and result of events. )
The basic structure of news:
Title: it is the eye of the whole news, with the characteristics of conciseness and generalization. It can be a single main title or a multi-line title. Multi-line titles include: main title, introduction and subtitle.
Lead: Summarize the basic facts or themes of news in concise language, and give readers an overall impression.
Theme: It is the main part, which further explains and expands the news elements disclosed in the introduction.
The part in brackets is "electric head", which explains the name of the news agency, the place and time of power generation. This "electric head" shows that the materials are true and the report is timely. Time is accurate to "time", suggesting that the campaign is developing rapidly.
Second, news reading, overall perception.
1, students read the text and understand the content. Accurate pronunciation is required, and try to read the feelings and momentum of the article. )
2. According to the structural characteristics of news, define the level of the article and the elements of news.
Title: People's Liberation Army Million Troops Crossing the Yangtze River.
Lead: The million-strong army of the People's Liberation Army is the crossing area of the People's Liberation Army.
Theme: From the evening of 20th, the text ends.
The first floor: (from the 20th night-300,000 troops have passed): Write down the time, place and number of people crossing the river.
The second floor: (2 1 from 5: 00 pm-it doesn't work at all): write about the crossing of the river by the West Route Army and evaluate it.
Third floor; (Don Si-END): Write about crossing the river by the East Route Army.
Third, cooperative exploration and mapping.
Draw a map: mark the occupied areas of the West Route Army, the Middle Route Army and the East Route Army with red lines, and mark the starting point of progress with arrows. (You can draw it on the map in the textbook)
Fourth, role experience, change reading.
1. Dangdang Announcer
If you are an announcer, how should you read this news from the aspects of stress, intonation, mood and rhythm?
2. Be a strategist
If you are a strategist, what should you introduce to the audience?
3. Dangdang host
If you were the host, how would you design the introduction, interview questions and conclusion?
Fifth, language taste, learning to improve.
♂ See who reads well and speaks well.
Students should further read the text, experience the linguistic features of news and improve their reading ability.
1, accuracy and generality of language. (The so-called accuracy is to accurately reflect the facts. )
For example, the word "Jiujiang (excluding)" accurately shows that Jiujiang was not liberated at that time, thus avoiding ambiguity. Another example is "My East Route Army and West Route Army launched the crossing operation at the same time on the same day", accurate to the day.
(2) Another example is that "the scheduled plan has been fully realized", which accurately shows the situation that our military headquarters is strategizing and the commanders and fighters have answers.
(3) At the end of the full text, we used the words "annihilation" and "rout" (not general "annihilation" or "defeat"), "occupation" and "control" (the latter goes a step further than the former, and Jiangyin fortress has been used by us), "blocking" the Yangtze River (ships are not allowed to sail freely) and "cutting off" the railway (. The use of these verbs is very accurate, which helps to "truly" reflect the situation of the war and can accurately show the irresistible momentum of our army.
(4) "Breakthrough" accurately reproduces the fighting process; (the object of "crossing" is static), "crossing" accurately shows the characteristics of water war March; ("Arrive", Pan),) "Within 24 hours", the time limit is clear, ("* *", the time limit is unknown, in a broad sense,) "That is, it has", which accurately shows the characteristics of high speed. ("now", the time limit is vague,) "until the time of power generation", the time limit is more accurate; "The rest", a military term, is accurate and appropriate. )
(5) The accuracy of words is also reflected in the appropriate restrictions on some concepts. For example, the resistance of the marked army is "weak", while the resistance of the East Route Army is "tenacious", which shows the degree of the battle between the enemy and ourselves very accurately, neither exaggerating ourselves blindly nor belittling the enemy blindly, but just shows (whether positive or negative) that our army is "heroic and invincible".
2. Vivid language and rich feelings.
(1) "The result is on 2 1 this day". Although the time is clear, it is almost "unexpected, which is the day when Tang arrived in Wuhu." Full of ridicule and contempt, "That Day" not only strongly satirizes "bid" and "thinks it is solid", but also proves that it is really "not at all". The enemy's "unexpected", our army's "breakthrough" and "all scheduled plans have been realized" are in sharp contrast, which not only shows the enemy's embarrassment, but also shows our army's bravery. Emotional color is bright.
(2) In the fourth sentence (1), the introduction of the situation and results is general, inaccurate and unclear. The second sentence "Fighting all day" introduces the fighting situation, "War of annihilation and defeat" reports the enemy's fiasco more vividly, "vast area" not only accurately explains that it is not the whole territory, but also clearly points out that the overall situation has been set, and "controlling Jiangyin fortress" clearly expresses the exact situation of "blocking the Yangtze River", which is more practical and credible. Changing the "East Route Army" to "Our Army" naturally incorporates a cordial and proud emotional color without affecting accuracy and clarity.
There are many vivid and touching examples in the article. For example, the "million-strong army" and "65,438+Wan Li" are unstoppable, and "breakthrough", "crossing" and "breakthrough" are sure to win and full of lofty sentiments; Another example is that our army's "brave and good at fighting" and "resolute" are in sharp contrast with the enemy's "one after another, with no fighting spirit", and the praise and depreciation are in sharp contrast; Another example is a series of verbs, such as "annihilation", "rout", "occupation", "control", "blockade" and "cut off", which clearly write out the results of our army one after another, full of dynamics, like a situation where the army is like a tide and the iron flow is difficult to handle, with great strength and high passion. This language feature is not only the requirement of news, but also the need of the content reported in this paper.
Sixth, summarize storage and extend after class.
1, summary storage: Ask each group of students to summarize the learning situation of this article with "I have learned ...". Teachers should guide students according to their answers, and guide them to consider not only knowledge, but also methods, thoughts and emotions.
Students may say: If you want to know the main content of news quickly, you should read the headlines. To know the news content in detail, you must read the lead. To understand the content of news more carefully, we must look at the theme. In addition, when reading, we should pay attention to the elements of news and form the habit of paying attention to the elements, so that it is easy to grasp the content of the article.
2. Extracurricular development:
Read the following news and compare it with the text.
The scene of our army crossing the river
(Xinhua News Agency1Reporter Yan Wu reported on April 23, 949) When the PLA crossed the river in front of the enemy forces in Anqing and Wuhu, it said: At dusk on February1Sunday, a silver luminous bullet suddenly rose over the position of the People's Liberation Army in the north of the river, and in an instant, the whole position on the north shore gave off earth-shattering thunder. From the artillery positions of the People's Liberation Army, countless fire lines flew to the south bank. The fierce gunfire dyed the river and the sky red. Then, countless ships, large and small, only poured out from various ports. They immediately dispersed to the other side of the river and flew south like arrows. On the north bank of the river, local residents, migrant workers and PLA officers and men stood together. Everyone held their breath and stared at the burning river, waiting. Suddenly, the landing signal flew over the south bank, and gunfire and shouts continued. Everyone on the North Shore immediately cheered at generate: "It's over!" "it's over!" Countless ships continue to pour out of the port and speed up to the other side. On the other hand, the People's Liberation Army began to signal progress, and sounded the horn of liaison between the troops before and after. On the wide river, the command lights of the People's Liberation Army are constantly shining, and the guns and shouts are getting farther and farther away. Engineers nervously set up many docks, and countless migrant workers were busy sending countless ammunition, equipment, food and vegetables aboard and crossing the river with the army. At this time, on the south bank of the great river, countless people's liberation army rushed ashore. Everywhere you can hear the excited and affectionate farewell of boatmen and PLA soldiers: "Goodbye, comrades!" " "The villagers, hard work! See you in Nanjing! "
(Originally published in Northeast Daily 1949 on April 25th)
Let's compare the similarities between the two articles: both articles are news reports, and both articles report the situation of crossing the river. Both of them are on the side of the people, praising the victory of crossing the river and mocking the incompetence of the enemy. Both of them have the characteristics of timely reporting and concise language.
Difference: The two articles have different authors, different identities and different reporting angles. "People" takes the overall situation and introduces the three armed forces respectively; The article "I" only introduces the crossing of the river by a certain unit of the marked army. The chapter "People" briefly summarizes the situation of crossing the river, explaining the time, place, number of people and the progress of the battle; The article "I" gave a detailed description of crossing the river as a witness. The launch of flares, the shelling on the south bank, the crossing and landing of large and small ships, the cheers of the masses and the support of the people are vividly written.
The article "People" contains the introduction and comments on strategic deployment and war promotion. The article "I" only introduces a battle in chronological order. The "Man" chapter contains the analysis of the enemy and the content of dividing, disintegrating and fighting for the enemy with strong policies, while the "I" chapter hardly reports the enemy. The language of "human" is concise and summarized, and the description part is close to the "sketch" of painting, which is profound and vivid; The language of Me is unpretentious, the description part is meticulous and thoughtful, and the content is substantial.
② Apply what you have learned: Read the following and answer the questions:
Heroes save people without leaving a name and asking for nothing in return, just asking for being envied.
According to the Shenzhen Special Zone Daily, Feng Anyi, the captain of the No.85 new plane of Henan Xinye Hangyuan Company, which was hyped by the People's Daily and other news media, recently encountered an embarrassing incident.
65438+1At about 3 pm on July 24, 1997, Feng Anyi was unloading rice at Qingtan Wharf in Yichang City, Hubei Province. A passenger ship of Chongqing Oriental Steamship Company collided with a cargo ship in the middle of the river. Feng Anyi also forgot to unload the goods again, and sailed to the accident site by himself, directing his family to stand by the boat to meet the passengers who jumped off the out-of-control passenger ship. Half an hour passed, and the "New Machine 85" floated with the passenger ship for three or four kilometers, saving more than 200 passengers.
After more than a month's investigation, Chongqing Oriental Shipping Company finally found the hero. Therefore, Nanyang Municipal Transportation Bureau rewarded him with 1 10,000 yuan, Xinye County Party Committee and County Government rewarded him with 5,000 yuan, and Xinye County Courageous Foundation rewarded him with 2,000 yuan, totaling 1.7 million yuan. Who knows, at this moment, an embarrassing thing happened to the protagonist: when the "New Machine 85" rescued the "East Wheel", the ship was rented by Zhao, a labor service company affiliated to Yichang Landslide Research Institute of Hubei Provincial Science and Technology Commission. Zhao learned that Feng Anyi had won a reward of 6.5438+0.7 million yuan, and refused to give Feng Anyi a rent of 26.2 million yuan on the grounds that the chartering stopped in port during the emergency rescue, and all the bonus of 6.5438+0.7 million yuan that Feng Anyi deserved was donated to the welfare home.
Liu, Beijing Youth Daily
1. This is an article ().
A. News B. Dissemination C. Fiction D. Argumentation
2. What is this sentence from the perspective of news knowledge?
A: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
3. As far as news knowledge is concerned, what are the three parts of this article?
A: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
4. What is the main content of this article?
A: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Reference answer: First of all, 1 involves stylistic knowledge, and the remarkable difference between news and other styles lies in its authenticity and timeliness of reporting. C and d are easy to rule out. But A and B are both news styles. They all reported the important events that happened recently in time. The difference is that the information conveyed is general and short, while the information conveyed is concrete, complete and comprehensive; Strong timeliness of messages and poor timeliness of communication; So there is a difference in length. In addition, there are expressions, the news is a draft, and the plot has not unfolded; Communication can mobilize a variety of literary expressions; There are also differences in person, such as news in the third person and communication in the first person. The difference of stylistic structure lies in that the message structure is relatively fixed, consisting of title, lead and subject, while the communication structure is relatively free and flexible, and the structure is arranged in various ways around the main contradiction. When you figure this out, you can answer the question accurately. 3. Introduction: The hero saves the beauty without leaving his name. Title: Award-winning but jealous. Introduction: The first paragraph is the main body: 2-3 paragraphs. 4. Introduction and title are the main contents.
Blackboard design:
China People's Liberation Army millions of troops crossed the Yangtze River.
Mao Zedong
News: including title, introduction and theme.
The People's Liberation Army is brave and fearless.
Western (detailed), central (omitted) and eastern (detailed)
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
(Kuomintang reactionaries) were vulnerable and wiped out.
Second lesson
● Instructional design:
First, news review, wonderful reading.
Television attracts us with its colorful videos, expressive sound, wonderful production and rich content, and news is the highlight of TV programs. Today we will learn another news-"Our army liberated Nanyang in the Central Plains". This news has greatly changed the military situation in the Central Plains since the liberation of Nanyang in the past year, which reflects the excellent situation that Chiang Kai-shek will lose and our army will win, and inspires the soldiers and civilians in the liberated areas.
Second, reading accumulation and overall perception.
Read the text quickly and summarize the main contents of each part.
Third, compare reading to improve understanding.
1, found the same
Read the two news separately and find out the similarities between them.
Homology: all belong to news (in order to introduce stylistic knowledge about news).
The author is the same: the author of both news reports is Mao Zedong.
The purpose is the same: to boost morale, point out the direction and strive for further victory.
The same theme: The PLA is brave and good at fighting, and the victory of China Revolution is hard-won.
The background is the same: they are all in the strategic offensive stage of the liberation war.
……
Step 2 find "difference"
The specific time is different: "One Million Troops of the People's Liberation Army Crossing the Yangtze River" was written on1April 22, 949, the day before the liberation of Nanjing by the People's Liberation Army; The liberation of Nanyang by the Central Plains was written on 1948 1 1.5 at the end of Liaoshen Campaign, on the eve of Huaihai Campaign.
The specific writing is different: "A Million Troops of the People's Liberation Army Crossing the Yangtze River" skillfully uses the contrast method, and the China People's Liberation Army is brave and good at fighting and the enemy is losing ground; The wonderful use of "our army liberated Nanyang in the Central Plains" implies the introduction of important wars in Nanyang in history, points out the importance of Nanyang's status, and implies the great significance of Nanyang's liberation and Chiang Kai-shek's bleak future.
The characteristics of conception are different: "A Million Troops of the People's Liberation Army Crossing the Yangtze River" covers a thousand-mile front, step by step, with many but not miscellaneous; The book "The Liberation of Nanyang by Our Army in the Central Plains" is a link between the preceding and the following, and it has a certain reference.
Language styles are different: the PLA's million-strong army crossing the river is magnificent, such as "millions" and "all are" occupation ","control "and" cut off ". "Our army liberated Nanyang in the Central Plains" is profound and profound, with implicit language, such as "We are in the whole Jianghuai and Hehan areas, not only with trees, but also with forests" and "Wang Lingyun does not escape, and Kang Ze's fate awaits him".
Fourth, news reading, language taste.
1, news reading: see who reads well.
Activity process: host 1 person, 3-5 judges. Other students can imitate a radio announcer and have a reading contest according to the requirements of news broadcast. ) both excited and solemn to read the complete text,
2. Language taste: Students should read the text deeply, experience the language features of news and improve their reading ability.
① Accuracy and generality of language. (The so-called accuracy is to accurately reflect the facts. )
② Vivid language and rich feelings.
Five, cooperative exploration, interactive solution.
1, cooperative exploration:
♂ The elements of news are also elements of narrative. After reading this news, what characteristics do you think of the news? (The teacher guides students to think from different angles)
After discussion, it is obvious that:
The function of news is to report the latest major events or new weather at home and abroad.
The structure of news generally includes five parts: title, introduction, theme, conclusion and background.
News writing is mainly narrative, and sometimes there are discussions and descriptions.
News is characterized by clear-cut, true content, timely reporting and concise and accurate language.
2. Interactive solution: put forward what you don't understand, and discuss it in groups and classes.
Sixth, summarize storage and extend after class.
1. Summary and storage: The battle of crossing the river and the liberation of Nanyang reported in "Two News" were both key victories in the strategic offensive stage of China People's Liberation War. By studying these two news stories, we can understand history, see the power of just war, and realize that the victory of China Revolution was hard-won. These two news stories are magnificent, accurate and concise in language and vivid in emotion. Left a deep impression on us. I hope that students can apply what they have learned today to their future lives, experience, feel and think about the world around them with their hearts, broaden their horizons and raise their awareness.
2. Extracurricular development:
Today, we learned a new genre-news. Please contact the study of this class and talk about your understanding of news. (About 200 words)
(2) Talk about your understanding on the topic of modern warfare and put it in your exercise book.