In which dynasty was Yuanmingyuan built, in its heyday before its destruction.

Yuanmingyuan is located in Haidian, the western suburb of Beijing, adjacent to the Summer Palace. Founded in the 46th year of Kangxi (1707), it consists of Yuanmingyuan, Changchun Garden and Qichun Garden. It covers an area of 350 hectares (more than 5,200 mu), of which the water surface area is about 140 hectares (2 100 mu), the landscape is more than 0/00, and the building area is more than 60,000 square meters. It is a large-scale royal palace founded and operated by the Qing emperor in more than 65,438+050 years. It inherits the excellent gardening tradition of China for more than 3,000 years, which has both the elegance of palace architecture and the euphemism of Jiangnan gardens. At the same time, it absorbs European garden architecture forms and blends different styles of garden architecture, making people feel harmony and perfection in the overall layout. It can really be said: "Although it was made by people, it is a fable." Yuanmingyuan is not only famous for its gardens, but also a royal museum with a rich collection. Hugo, a great French writer, once said, "Even if all the treasures of Notre Dame in China are put together, it can't compare with this magnificent Oriental Museum". The lobby of the park is decorated with countless mahogany furniture and displays many rare cultural relics at home and abroad. Garden Hanyuan Pavilion is one of the four royal libraries in China. There are precious books and cultural relics such as Sikuquanshu, Integration of Ancient and Modern Books and Essentials of Sikuquanshu in the park.

Yuanmingyuan was once famous for its grand geographical scale, outstanding architectural skills, exquisite architectural landscape, rich cultural collection and profound national cultural connotation, and was known as "the model of all gardening arts" and "the garden of ten thousand gardens".

Unfortunately, this world-famous garden was savagely looted and burned by the British and French allied forces in June of 1860+00, and then it was destroyed and looted countless times, and a generation of famous gardens eventually turned into ruins. After the baptism of blood and fire, Yuanmingyuan is like a history book of China's modern history, which has soul-stirring value. Standing in front of the broken column of the West Tower, people seem to hear the cry of history.

After the founding of New China, how to actively rescue, properly protect, scientifically repair and effectively use the Yuanmingyuan site, a precious historical and cultural heritage of the Chinese nation, and give full play to its great political, historical and garden value and patriotic education function has always been a matter of great concern to our party, governments at all levels, all walks of life and the broad masses of the people.

With the care and support of governments at all levels, after years of efforts, all the land use rights originally belonging to Yuanming Sanyuan were recovered, and all the residents and most units settled in the park were relocated. In 2000, the master plan of Yuanmingyuan was officially approved by National Cultural Heritage Administration, and the special plan for the protection of Yuanmingyuan site was under examination and approval.

1988 65438+1October 5th, Yuanmingyuan site was announced as a national cultural relics protection unit. In the same year, the ruins park was opened for trial. After years of unremitting efforts by governments at all levels, the protection and repair of the site have achieved results. At present, three scenic spots, namely Fuhai, Changchun Garden and Qichun Garden, have been initially formed. There are both vast Fuhai and friendly lakes and rivers surrounded by mountains and rivers, which maintain the natural charm of water bodies. According to the original plant configuration, a plant landscape with the theme of pine, bamboo, lotus and dimension has been formed. At present, it is a first-class and second-class park assessed by the Municipal Bureau of Landscape Architecture, and it has been rated as a civilized tourist scenic spot in Beijing by the Capital Comprehensive Management Committee. Spring Festival, Summer Lotus Festival, Autumn Chrysanthemum Festival and Winter Garden Festival have formed their own characteristics. In the past two years, a comprehensive archaeological excavation and site protection project, including the Jingtang site, has been completed, and the first-phase renovation project of Zhengjue Temple, the only remaining ancient building in Yuanmingyuan, has also been completed. The first phase of the environmental improvement project has achieved a phased victory, initially completing the pilot protection of Qingyan Scenic Spot in Jiuzhou, western China, the environmental improvement of Gongmen District of Qichun Garden, the newly rebuilt Lotus District of Changchun Garden, planting more than 20 kinds of fine lotus flowers, and launching a series of piano, chess, calligraphy and painting programs reflecting the lotus culture in Yuanmingyuan and the "Happy Lotus Banquet" of fine lotus food. Yuanmingyuan has once again become the focus of attention from all walks of life. In the past, the royal garden has become a place for people's leisure and entertainment, and it is also a rare patriotic education base. It was named "National Patriotism Education Base for Primary and Secondary Schools" by the State Education Commission and other six ministries and commissions. It was announced by the Propaganda Department of the CPC Central Committee as "National Hundred Patriotism Education Demonstration Bases"; It was named "Beijing National Defense Education Base" by the Office of Beijing National Defense Education Committee.