The selection process of American load experts is somewhat different from that of astronauts. The "customer" is responsible for the primary selection, or "load customer", which refers to the organizer, dispatching company or organization of the load, the load experts who perform the load task, and the countries that go into space by American manned spacecraft. The "customer" unit or the country sending the load experts is responsible for organizing the primary election, and they can use their special facilities to make a choice in case of reaching an agreement with NASA. The selection of "load customers" also begins with various physical examinations. According to the third-level medical standards of NASA, the selection and inspection records of qualified customers are handed over to NASA for medical evaluation. Those who pass the evaluation will be sent to the Johnson Space Center affiliated to NASA for endurance inspection of special environmental factors, and those who pass the re-inspection can become experts in preparing loads. Then, according to the unified requirements, prepare to take a manned spacecraft and train one year in advance according to the launch time.
The successful launch of the space shuttle has created conditions for ordinary people to enter space. Since 198 1, NASA has been sending out messages to prepare for selecting ordinary people to go into space. When 1984 was officially selected, tens of thousands of people had submitted application reports, including 1700 journalists, journalists, editors and photographers, nearly 10,000 primary and secondary school teachers and even children, as well as famous actors, directors, movie stars, writers and even members of the US Congress. Some foreigners also applied.
The selection criteria of these applicants are still based on NASA medical level III in terms of physical fitness, but the requirements for other aspects are not high. The primary election is difficult and needs psychological, physiological and sociological screening. In order to expand the influence of manned space flight in the United States, for the purpose of political propaganda, NASA selected several representative candidates to receive necessary pre-flight training, including Senator Jack Garn, female middle school teachers Barbara Morgan and mcauliffe. Those who pass the comprehensive tests such as medical evaluation can be selected for the record in the training according to the flight plan and needs. 1in April, 965, U.S senator jack Gunn went into space on the space shuttle discovery and became a "tourist" in space. According to NASA, Gaine went into space for two purposes. First, as an observer in Congress, he went to heaven to inspect how the space shuttle accomplished various tasks. The second is to travel in the sky as ordinary tourists and explore the possibility of "civilians" traveling in space. Gaine flew in space for seven days. Although he had some space diseases, also known as space motion sickness, he generally returned safely. The second "tourist" who went into space was Prince Sultan Sa Saud of Saudi Arabia. According to the report, he observed the launch of Arabian Satellite 2 on the space shuttle on behalf of the Arab League and took some photos, but he was actually a "space tourist". 28-year-old Sultan Sa Saud was entrusted by his compatriots to observe the "New Moon" activities during his space flight. The third person who wants to go into space is mcauliffe, a female teacher. This is a simple "space tourist", whose purpose is to show real civilians entering space. According to the plan, she will give a speech in space to explain her experiences in space to her students and middle school students in the United States, which will be transmitted directly to the ground. The 37-year-old mother with two children is the best of nearly 10 thousand candidates. Unfortunately, the American space shuttle Challenger accompanied her sank to the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean with a loud noise 70 seconds after takeoff. The tragedy shocked the whole world. However, opinion polls after the event showed that few people who applied to go into space withdrew their applications. The most typical representative is Barbara Morgan, a substitute teacher in mcauliffe. She was selected with mcauliffe and trained in space. She is the replacement of mcauliffe. She said that she would meet new challenges, continue to travel in space and complete mcauliffe's unfinished mission.