The modern logistics center is developed from the traditional warehouse and cargo container. Since there are surplus products and commodities, warehouses have appeared, and the storage function is the most primitive and basic function of warehouses. Grain storage is a warehouse, and weapons storage is a warehouse, which develops with the development of agricultural war. Due to the far distance between the production and consumption places of grain, the grain in the south has to be transported to the north by water, and the function of the warehouse has been expanded to "circulation". With the arrival of industrial civilization, a large number of raw materials need to be transported to the southeast, while finished products need to be transported to the north and the west. The goods stored in warehouses have gradually increased, and professional warehouses such as granaries, cotton warehouses, coal bottles and dry warehouses have appeared one after another.
After the founding of New China, on the one hand, the government received all kinds of warehouses, docks and cargo terminals left over from the old government, on the other hand, it built a number of warehouses according to the production layout and economic division of labor. In the commercial field, the first-class wholesale and second-class wholesale warehouses are suitable for the commercial wholesale system. All provinces, cities and counties have such commercial warehouses. In the field of materials (that is, means of production), a material reserve and a material transit warehouse have been established. The former belongs to the national strategic material reserve, and the materials are basically not in circulation. The latter is a warehouse that provides materials for production enterprises, and the production enterprises present materials in the form of national allocation forms. In the field of foreign trade, the state has built a number of foreign trade warehouses. In terms of grain, the state has built tens of thousands of grain depots from the central government to provinces, cities, counties and townships. Grain depots are divided into grain depots and circulating grain depots, which undertake the tasks of national grain reserves and current consumption respectively. In addition, there are military warehouses, enterprise warehouses and farmer warehouses. It is estimated that the national storage area is 350 million square meters.
After entering the 1990s, great changes have taken place in the commercial form of China. The supermarket that lingered for ten years was suddenly accepted by people. Large supermarkets and chain stores have sprung up like mushrooms after rain, and department stores are also moving towards alliance and expanding their business scale, and distribution centers have emerged.
The mode of transportation is also undergoing tremendous changes, and container transportation is increasing at a rate of more than 20% every year. In 20001year, the container throughput of ports in China reached 27.48 million TEUs, including 6.34 million TEUs in Shanghai. With the development of container transportation, a large number of container yards and transit centers will inevitably appear, and new logistics centers will also start to rise in China.
In the road transportation system, there are also freight transfer stations similar to Japanese truck freight stations. This kind of goods distribution station is generally equipped with transit warehouses, loading and unloading tools, parking lots, gas stations and living facilities.
Large production enterprises also basically have their own logistics centers to serve their production and sales. Generally built near the production base. For example, the newly-built logistics center of Haier Group has two automated three-dimensional warehouse areas, namely, the outsourced parts warehouse and the finished product warehouse.
In the postal system, the mail sorting center itself is a logistics center. After the postal department is transformed into an enterprise, it will become the largest parcel delivery enterprise in China.
The port is the place with the largest cargo throughput. There are more than 500 kinds of ports in China, with more than 800 main berths/kloc-0. The main coastal ports have an annual throughput of 65.438+0.3 billion tons, complete infrastructure and are natural logistics centers.
Professor Wang Zhitai called for attention to the construction of an integrated logistics center, which is a large and more integrated logistics center integrating railways, highways, waterways and air freight stations. We believe that this is a national logistics center, which can effectively connect different means of transport, reduce the number of goods moving down, reduce the loss of goods, improve the efficiency of logistics and shorten the time of logistics, and is an ideal logistics center.
Second, the idea of the local government building a logistics center
In recent years, logistics theory and practice have gradually become hot spots. On the one hand, it is because of the objective requirements of economic development; On the other hand, it is because the government is eager to find projects to stimulate demand and economy.
1. Shenzhen
In the Tenth Five-Year Plan of Shenzhen and 20 15 Modern Logistics Development Plan, Shenzhen Municipal Government regards modern logistics as one of the three important pillar industries and plans to build eight logistics parks. During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, the output value of logistics industry will increase from 8 ~ 10% to 15 ~ 20%. The large-scale "Pinghu Logistics Center" planned by the government covers an area of 16 square kilometers and plans to attract investment of16 billion yuan.
The basic goal of building Shenzhen into a modern logistics center city;
First, build an entrepot trade center for domestic and foreign markets.
Since the reform and opening up, Shenzhen has ranked first in domestic import and export trade for many years. In the process of building a modern logistics center city, we should continue to give full play to Shenzhen's advantageous position and various advantages in national international trade, and build Shenzhen into an entrepot trade center with complementary domestic and foreign markets by virtue of the favorable conditions of being adjacent to Hong Kong as an international entrepot trade center. In the near future, we should base ourselves on the South China market and Southeast Asia market, so as to make Shenzhen a diversion center for cargo transshipment in Southeast Asia.
The second is to build a commercial wholesale distribution center for the Pearl River Delta and Beijing-Kowloon region.
Shenzhen's superior geographical location, three-dimensional transportation network by sea, land and air and comprehensive economic strength have laid a foundation for building Shenzhen into a distribution center in the Pearl River Delta region (including Hong Kong and Macao), and the opening of the Beijing-Kowloon Railway has provided an important opportunity for Shenzhen's economic development. Therefore, when building a modern logistics center city, Shenzhen will focus on the construction and improvement of agricultural products wholesale market, means of production wholesale market and bonded means of production market based on the Pearl River Delta region and Beijing-Kowloon region. The wholesale market of daily consumer goods makes Shenzhen a commercial wholesale distribution center facing the Pearl River Delta region and Beijing-Kowloon region.
The third is to build an air traffic center in South China Sea.
In terms of ocean transportation, we should make full use of the advantages of east and west ports, especially Yantian Port, which is the four major international container transit ports in China, and vigorously develop ocean transportation to make Shenzhen an ocean transportation center in South China. In terms of air transport, Shenzhen Airport will be built into a national distribution center and air transport center for the development and production of high-tech new products by taking advantage of its advantages as a cargo transport airport in South China and relying on its advantages of high-tech product production center, overseas market development and advanced technology absorption.
The fourth is to build a logistics information center with national influence.
Taking advantage of the favorable location adjacent to Hong Kong as an international information center and the advantages of Shenzhen's information network development and construction, Shenzhen should strive to become a national logistics information center in the process of building a modern logistics center city, and take the lead in logistics information network construction, logistics information, product development and logistics information service.
2. Beijing
With the rapid development of the capital economy, especially China's accession to the WTO, the international and domestic markets have gradually integrated. Beijing has become one of China's large cargo distribution centers and China's international procurement center, and international, regional and intra-city logistics activities are increasing. At the same time, as the host city of the 2008 Olympic Games, Beijing urgently needs to improve the efficient logistics distribution network system. Beijing has made it clear that in order to develop modern logistics and other emerging industries during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, modern management science, service technology and management means must be used to speed up the transformation and upgrading of business circulation, transportation and social services. Beijing will build an all-round logistics network system with logistics center as the core, logistics center as the backbone and distribution center as the node. Four logistics centers will be built in Tianzhu, Chaoyang District in the northeast of Beijing, shibalidian, Chaoyang District in the southeast of Beijing, Daxing in the south and Mentougou District in the west. These four logistics centers will form the framework of Beijing logistics network together with the city logistics center. The location of the logistics center is evenly distributed near the Second Ring Road in Beijing. Through the establishment of these four logistics centers, Beijing's bulk logistics can be effectively stopped in the periphery of the city, which can greatly reduce the traffic congestion and air pollution in the city, improve the logistics concentration, and then improve the logistics efficiency and reduce the logistics cost.
The preliminary ideas for the planning and layout of Beijing's logistics industry are as follows: first, give full play to the role of market mechanism and effectively integrate existing logistics facilities; Secondly, according to the structure of "large comprehensive logistics center-logistics center-distribution center", the Beijing logistics network is constructed; Integrate different modes of transportation and rationally adjust the flow distribution of logistics modes.
Tongzhou Logistics Industrial Park is located in Majuqiao Town, close to Beijing-Tianjin Expressway and the Sixth Ring Road of Beijing Highway. It is the first logistics park in the southeast approved by Beijing Municipal Government. In order to standardize and develop the logistics park rapidly, the district and town governments have set out to formulate a series of local policies to promote the development of the park, including land use, taxation, financing, performance incentives and so on. The purpose is to adhere to a high benchmark starting point, integrate international logistics with domestic logistics, combine enterprise logistics with social logistics, develop in an all-round way, and strive to build container yards, bonded warehouses, customs and so on. Serve the international community in a short time.
Tongzhou Logistics Industrial Park has a planned land area of 9 120 mu, including 6,630 mu for logistics infrastructure and 2,490 mu for commercial use. Adequate power resources, communication, broadband, water supply and drainage facilities have entered the area. At present, Beijing Huatongjie Co., Ltd., Beijing Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Beijing Huanjie Logistics Co., Ltd. and Beijing Rong Da Logistics Co., Ltd. have settled in the park, and the total investment of the four enterprises will reach 1 1 100 million yuan.
Capital Airport has reached an agreement with Sun Hung Kai Properties and China International Airlines to develop a logistics center at Beijing Capital Airport. Capital Airport and Zhongshan both hold 33% shares in the center, while China International Airlines holds 34%. The above plan has been approved by the Civil Aviation Administration of China, and the parent company of Capital Airport has completed the acquisition of Tianjin Airport, which will help the Group to develop a regional logistics center and expand its business, and Tianjin Airport can provide support.
3. Hong Kong
The recently published Report on the Development of Logistics Industry in Hong Kong proposes that the overall logistics development plan of Hong Kong should be completed by stages within five years. The overall goal is to build an integrated logistics hub in Asia and set up a value-added logistics park. The master plan puts forward three key points: establishing an efficient integrated logistics platform, integrating land, sea and air transportation modes, and integrating cargo handling capacity; Set up a special logistics line to promote import and export freight activities in the inland areas of Hong Kong;
Hong Kong is prepared to make full use of the advantages of the Pearl River Delta and achieve the following objectives in the first three years:
(1) Make a comprehensive operation plan. Including: establishing a diversified logistics platform in Hong Kong and an external logistics express line connected with it to improve the productivity between transportation hubs.
(2) Make Hong Kong an integrated logistics hub with freight capacity in Asia.
(3) By setting up value-added logistics parks, effective cargo handling procedures become an indispensable part of diversified logistics systems.
A few days ago, the Hong Kong Airport Authority planned to spend 1 65,438+billion yuan to reclaim 200 hectares in Tung Chung to build a logistics park. The first phase has reached 77 hectares, which is three times larger than Singapore Airport Logistics Park. Tung Chung Logistics Park can complete the first phase of the project in 2004 at the earliest, and the whole logistics park will be completed in 3-4 phases, which is expected to accommodate more than 30 logistics centers.
The _ _ _ business port, the largest logistics center in Hong Kong with an investment of over HK$ 500 million by five consortia, started construction at the Hong Kong International Airport on 2001018. It is expected to be completed and put into use in the first quarter of 2003. This trading port will be built in two phases. The first phase is three stories high and covers an area of 3 1.400 square meters. It can provide customers with the best quality and perfect value-added logistics services, and can handle up to 30,000 tons of goods every year. The second phase of the project will provide another 6,543,800 square meters of facilities to meet business development. The Trade Port will be the only real logistics center in Hong Kong, aiming to become a natural logistics center in Asia and serve global trading partners. At present, there are many buildings in Hong Kong that claim to be logistics centers, but their functions only belong to a modern large warehouse. The trade port invited two European consortia with experience in logistics center operation to become shareholders ―― Frankfurt Airport in Germany and Schiff Airport Group in the Netherlands.
4. Tianjin
Tianjin Municipal Government regards modern logistics as one of the five pillar industries. Wang Shuzu, vice mayor, once said that the Tianjin municipal government has decided to build Tianjin into an important international logistics center city. In the new development outline of Tianjin, international logistics industry has been identified as the fifth pillar industry in Tianjin after electronics, machinery, medicine and food. During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, Tianjin will invest more than 5 billion yuan to build two logistics parks, one is to build the bonded area into an international logistics operation area, and the other is to build an airport logistics park on the north side of Binhai International Airport. It is planned to build 12 logistics centers. Set up/kloc-0 logistics centers in Beichen, Dongli, Xiqing and Jinnan along the southeast and northwest directions of the outer ring road city, which serve the city and radiate the whole country. In Tanggu District, the port will establish three logistics centers, namely Development Zone, Beitang in the north of Tianjin Port and Dengshan Valley in the south of Tianjin Port. 1 logistics center will be set up in Hangu, 1 logistics center in Dagang, container logistics center in northern Xinjiang and bulk cargo center in southern Xinjiang in Tianjin Port. In the lower reaches of Haihe River, according to the municipal government.
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