What's the difference between circulating commemorative coins and real coins?

During the four or five years from the 1980s when the People's Bank of China (hereinafter referred to as the Central Bank) began to issue RMB circulating commemorative coins (hereinafter referred to as commemorative coins) to the implementation of the Regulations on the Administration of RMB in People's Republic of China (PRC) in 2000 (hereinafter referred to as the Regulations), China's negligence in currency management caused a once chaotic situation. Among them, sample coins for circulating commemorative coins (hereinafter referred to as sample coins) were made, including sample coins for circulating commemorative coins, sample coins for circulating commemorative coins and sample notes. The issuing order of RMB is: sample currency of circulating paper money, sample currency of circulating coins, sample currency of circulating commemorative coins and sample currency of circulating commemorative notes. We say that the sample currency is currency because it has the denomination of RMB and all the basic characteristics and elements of currency. The special feature is that the words "sample currency" are added to the surface, and one of the words also States "currency". In the folk, coin lovers all think that it is a coin and one of the treasures of circulating commemorative coins. We say that sample currency is not currency because the central bank never thinks that sample currency is currency in circulation, and it has always been expressly forbidden for sample currency to participate in circulation; Sample currency is a tool used by currency issuers and commercial banks in currency management. The reason why sample coins are not coins is because they are very rare in society. It can be seen that the sample coin is a peculiar coin collection. What is the sample currency for? In June, 1984, 10, the central bank began to issue commemorative coins, claiming that their functions are equivalent to the current RMB. Because commemorative coins participate in circulation, it faces a new situation: from the founding of 1949 to the issuance of 1984 commemorative coins, people are not familiar with commemorative coins. In this case, the central bank has to provide the same standard reference (sample) as commemorative coins to the central bank branches and commercial banks all over the country, that is, the most authoritative monetary efficiency standard. At that time, the state-owned commercial banks were mainly China Industrial and Commercial Bank, China Agricultural Bank, China Bank, China People's Construction Bank and Bank of Communications. Sample coins are uniformly printed by the central bank and distributed to financial institutions as a standard tool for identifying RMB. If there is a problem that depositors consult the bank with a commemorative coin or verify the coin itself, the staff of the fund management and cashier business of the local central bank or commercial bank will compare, verify and identify the sample coins issued by their superiors, thus giving a formal reply on behalf of the bank. Therefore, the central bank instructed China Mint Company, Shanghai Mint and Shenyang Mint to manufacture commemorative coins, and at the same time, it also manufactured a batch of sample coins with the same name, the real number of which was not disclosed to the public. Strictly speaking, the sample currency is the working currency in the bank, which was cast and introduced after the currency was issued. It is essentially different from the "sample currency" with uncertain nature in the design draft of issuing currency, and it is not a concept. Therefore, in terms of appellation, it is easy to be confused with those unpublished currency design effect samples. The diameter, weight, pattern, characters, denomination and other basic characteristics of the sample coins are the same as those of the commemorative coins with the same theme, and the specifications are exactly the same. The only difference is that the Chinese characters "sample coins" are cast on the front (few on the back and back), which are arranged left and right. One set of commemorative coins has one sample coin, two sets of commemorative coins have two sample coins, and so on. According to the comprehensive information from commemorative coin lovers and the coin market, most sample coins are embedded in round holes of opaque hard plastic sheets and then put into transparent hard plastic boxes, and the colors of hard plastic sheets are mainly red and green. The word "sample currency" on the early sample currency is incompatible with the currency text, and the font style is completely different from other fonts on the surface of the currency. The words "sample coins" under the magnifying glass are obviously nicked. Although the font is not ugly, it is really ugly, not to mention art and any aesthetic feeling. The author thinks that this is done by the mint on purpose, so as not to confuse the word "sample coin" with the contents of commemorative coins. From the perspective of art appreciation, the word "sample currency" is worthless. The font of the word "sample coin" in the later period is slightly dignified and decent, but it is still obviously different from the font of the coin theme text. How did the sample coins flow into the people? Why do these working coins, which should be lying quietly in the bank file safe, "patronize" the coin market and enter the hands of commemorative coin collectors? According to the author's observation for many years, there are roughly the following "road maps" for sample coins flowing into the people:1; Due to the state institutional reform carried out by the central bank in February 1998, provincial branches at the provincial, municipal and autonomous levels and municipal branches at the local level were abolished, and nine regional banks, a head office and two management departments in Chongqing were established. At the same time, the institutional reform of commercial banks has gradually increased. In addition, with the continuous increase, adjustment and merger of domestic financial institutions, the internal personnel and personnel changes in the banking industry are frequent. Any major organizational adjustment or personnel change will always have a certain degree of adverse impact on the work, objectively causing gaps and loopholes in the management of sample currency. 2. In the branches of local central banks and major domestic commercial banks, the staff who are specifically responsible for the business departments such as currency issuance and cashier management failed to complete the handover, handover and storage of sample coins in time due to daily personnel transfer, job rotation, resignation and retirement. It is not excluded that individual staff members take it away privately. In addition, in the view of individual leaders of some regional banks, the awareness of sample currency management is not strong. Sample currency is like stapler and thumbtack in bank office supplies, especially before and after the post adjustment of bank cadres and workers. The most difficult and important thing is the arrangement of people. As long as the adjusted cadres and workers are in place smoothly, what is the need to entangle these sample currencies? In addition, the relevant personnel are old colleagues who have worked in the currency issuance and cashier departments for a long time, and sometimes they can't erase hard pursuit or counting during the handover. 3. The necessary supervision and management should have been carried out on the sample coins distributed to the branches of central banks around the country, but the work was not done. Similarly, the central bank's daily management of the sample coin departments and responsible persons of provincial commercial banks and municipal commercial banks is also ineffective. Judging from the instructions of currency distribution, the mint must strictly follow the instructions of the central bank. After the casting is completed, the mint will be handed over to the central bank, which will then distribute it to its branches, and distribute it to provincial "workers, peasants and construction" or prefecture-level commercial banks. Generally, the staff who manage the sample currency will not give it to other departments of the bank, because it will cause trouble, and it is estimated that it will directly flow into the private and coin markets from the hands of specific managers. Among them, a few sample coins may flow into the people at the same time through three channels: the central bank branch, the provincial-level "construction of workers and peasants" and the city-level commercial banks, while it is unlikely that the sample coins will directly enter the people from the mint. Which departments and personnel of the bank can easily get the sample currency? It is understood that it is not easy for all departments and personnel in the bank headquarters to get sample coins, but it is easy to get sample coins from the grassroots cashiers and currency issuers of established commercial banks. The problem is mainly manifested in the grass-roots units, that is, the sample currency export point, but the superior is responsible for poor supervision. The currency issuance office (branch) of the local central bank is responsible for the sample currency management. Don't underestimate the person in charge of the sample currency, that is, if the ruler wants to witness the sample currency with his own eyes, he has to rely on his subordinates to provide it. If a confused leader neglects management, the loss will be more serious. It is observed that before the implementation of the regulations in May 2000, the central bank did not take timely and effective measures to curb the continuous inflow of sample coins into society and scattered among the people. Various sample coins have appeared in the society, and even at the end of 2004 and the beginning of 2005, new versions of sample coins have flowed out from time to time. What really completely reverses the chaotic situation of sample currency management is that with the promulgation and implementation of the Measures for the Administration of RMB Sample Currency in February 2006 (hereinafter referred to as the Measures), there is no new sample currency in the society. Although there is a voice of high-priced acquisition in the coin market at present, it has not received a response, because the awareness of law-abiding of bank staff is obviously enhanced now. Who would do such a stupid thing? The amount of fuzzy sample coins is calculated according to the very limited information of the current coin-making enterprises. The maximum manufacturing quantity of a single sample coin (set) is 20,000 pieces, and the minimum is 0. 1.000 pieces. The number of known sample coins is basically between 1.5 million and 1.7 million. The author thinks that the accuracy of several sample coins with a quantity of 300 thousand mentioned in the records of the mint needs to be further determined. Because 03,000 is obviously not enough as a sample currency issued to the grass-roots currency issuance management business department, but it is much simpler as a senior gift. Speculation should be part of the total data. Because all the file information of the mint has not been made public, some factory records flowing into the society now only show the data of the mint at a certain time. Due to the need of gifts, the mint has produced a very small amount of refined coin gifts, and some coins have certificates but no numbers. What exactly is this amount? The central bank, including the mint, did not disclose it. Like the party building and women's football fine sample coins, the gifts are all VIP-level. Since he is a distinguished guest, he even includes senior officials of foreign central banks or financial institutions. At that time, now and in the future, we will not do it because we want to achieve it. Therefore, even if these fine products really exist in quantity, the probability of their appearance is almost zero for the popular commemorative coin market and the whole society. But it won't never disappear, and there may be all kinds of unexpected situations to let fine products enter the coin market. In view of the above-mentioned known data, the author's general view is that refined coins, refined sample coins and ordinary sample coins in circulation commemorative coins, like gold and silver coins, are ambiguous in casting quantity and circulation quantity, especially in gift packaging category in circulation commemorative coins. As long as the central bank does not publish its exact quantity, just like gold and silver coins, no individual or unit outside the central bank is qualified to determine it. They can't make it clear, and even if they say it, it's not convincing. In addition, it can never be said that the central bank has not created refined coins or refined sample coins that have not yet appeared. The central bank did not disclose this, so it is impossible to have such an assertion. When it comes to quantity and edition, Mr. Sun Keqin, the most famous collector of circulating commemorative coins in China, is a model in this respect. In the book Catalogue of Treasures of Ordinary Commemorative Coins in China (published by Beijing Publishing House) edited by Sun Keqin, the description of the quantity, version and appearance of a coin in the market mostly adopts the tone of "found", "undiscovered", "rare" and "estimated", which is very cautious and rigorous. In this book, Mr. Sun has repeatedly mentioned that in recent years, there are still small quantities of commemorative coins that continue to appear, such as the Shanghai version of refined coins (P.4 page) in the 35 years since the founding of the People's Republic of China, and "dozens of sets appeared" in April 2007; The refined coins (P.18) that have been 40 years since the founding of the People's Republic of China appeared on the market in 2007. 1 1 Asian Games (P. 19) refined coins, which appeared in small batches after 2005; Arbor Day refined coins (P.2 1) suddenly appeared in 2006. Hope Engineering Refined Coin (P.39) suddenly appeared in Shenzhen in 2008. It can be seen that the 35-year-old coin was issued by 1984, and it only appeared in 2007, after a lapse of 23 years. It was issued on 1989 40 years after the founding of the People's Republic of China, and appeared in 2007, after a lapse of18; 1 1 The currency of the Asian Games was issued in 1990, and appeared in 2005, with a lapse of 15 years; Arbor Day Coin 199 1 was issued and appeared in 2006, with a lapse of 15 years; It is hoped that the engineering currency was issued in 1994 and appeared in 2008, with a lapse of 14 years. According to the analysis, the reason for the sudden appearance of fine products in the market should be the products that have been stored for a long time and are under great pressure, or have a certain relationship with the staff set up by the banking institutions and responsible for commemorative coins. Currency issuing departments and coin societies usually work together, some learn to manage a certain number of commemorative coins, or come from the president's office, administration, reception, education, trade unions and other departments of banks. The behavior of coin dealers in the coin market should be ruled out. Who will cover up his early coin refining for so many years? As refined coins are not subject to any control, it is expected that refined coins will appear one after another as the commemorative coin market heats up in the future. The sudden appearance of fine products can also be used to explain the path of sample coins. Sample coins are collectible. In the paragraph "What are the basic characteristics of sample currency", the author thinks that the word "sample currency" has no ornamental value or artistic value. However, why do sample coins have great potential and collection value? This is because: first, the rarity of sample currency determines its noble status and solid and stable market foundation. First, compared with commemorative coins with the same theme, the number of sample coins is scarce. We can roughly calculate that 1984 has 29 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government (excluding Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao). On average, each provincial administrative region has 10 central bank branches and "workers, peasants and construction". If the retention and filing of the head office of the central bank, the head office of commercial banks, the mint corporation, specific mint and foreign central banks are added, the common number between 1.5 million and 1.7 million is realistic. Even if Hainan province 1988 was established, Chongqing municipality 1997 was established, with a net increase of 2, and Hong Kong and Macao Special Administrative Regions 1997 and 1999 were established, with a total of 33, and the number of sample coins was still around 20,000. The key point is that compared with the total number of people participating in commemorative coin collection in the country, the sample coins that "slip" out are very few after all. I remember 1993 there are almost no sample coins in the antique market. 1994, 1995 The asking price of sample coins in Beijing Yuetan and Shanghai Zhaojiabang Road was generally 30- 150 yuan, and then the market price gradually increased. Second, there are more and more commemorative coin lovers looking for sample coins, which increases the instinctive demand of collectors and the market for sample coins. It seems that thousands to 20 thousand pieces have been cast, but the sample coins flowing into society are just like a drop in the ocean compared with commemorative coins with the same theme in quantity and scale. Second, the promulgation of monetary laws in various countries and the continuous establishment and improvement of various rules and regulations will be a solid lock for the gradual depletion and exhaustion of sample currency resources in the early days of the future. Because the country has begun to pay attention to the loss of sample coins and promulgated relevant laws and regulations to strictly control it, which is virtually equivalent to adding an "iron general" to the limited sample coins entering the social collection field. Therefore, its appreciation space should be considerable. There is also a view that the collection of sample coins in the coin industry is a "distorted pursuit" that is debatable. People who hold this view believe that if coin lovers like sample coins, it will breed irregularities of relevant bank managers. I think this conclusion is too simple and arbitrary. The state prohibits the circulation of sample currency because it will cause confusion to the financial order. Let's take a closer look at the regulations and methods: the two regulations stipulate that the sample currency is "forbidden to circulate", but they do not deny the cultural value of the sample currency itself. It should be said that coin lovers are passively accepting any currency, because the right to issue and manage the currency is in the state. Once some coins flow into the society due to the mistakes of the issuer, it is undoubtedly precious to the people in the collection circle. This is one of the highest realms of playing with money, which is completely in line with the truth that things are rare, and there is nothing new. From the point of view of pure collection, the fault plate of sample coins flowing into society should not "bump" on coin lovers. In the future, only the full-time departments and personnel responsible for managing currency issuance will strictly follow the rules to prevent delaying the opportunity.