Why is Nanjing a stone city?

Why is Nanjing called Stone Town 20 points?

Stone Town is a famous relic of the Six Dynasties in Nanjing, the ancient capital of the Six Dynasties. It is located in Liangshan area in the Qing Dynasty. The nickname of Nanjing "Stone City" comes from this.

In 472 BC, after the destruction of Wu by Gou Jian, the King of Yue, he attempted to further annex Chu. He took a fancy to Changganli, which is now located at Zhonghua Gate in Nanjing, and called Fan Li, an adviser, to supervise the construction, and named it "Yuecheng", also known as "Fan Li" city. At that time, "Yuecheng" was very small, only 1km, with 80 steps around the city and an area of only 60,000 square meters, so it was called "Yuetai". In 333 BC, Chu Weiwang was destroyed, and a city was built in Liang Qingshan (also known as Stone Mountain) in Nanjing, which is called "Jinling City", which is also the origin of Nanjing, also known as "Jinling" and "Stone City". In 2 1 1 BC, Sun Quan built the "Stone City" in the former site of Jinling City, which is an important historical relic in Nanjing today. This was a military fortress at that time. Surrounded by mountains and rivers, the terrain is very dangerous

Why is Nanjing called the Stone City?

Stone Town is a famous relic of the Six Dynasties in Nanjing, the ancient capital of the Six Dynasties. It is located in Liangshan area in the Qing Dynasty. Nanjing's nickname "Stone City" comes from this.

Stone Town is called Stone Town. Broadly speaking, it is another name for Nanjing today. In a narrow sense, it refers to Shishan Town in the west of the old city of Nanjing. Sun Quan built a stone town on the stone mountain, and used it as the capital to protect Shi Jing Jianye, the capital of Dongwu. Prepare military stones, and many beacon towers have been built in the stone base, which are used to send out alarm signals immediately in the military. Later, Wang Zhuo, the general of the Jin army, led the water army to attack and built an iron chain on the river. The Jin army burned the chain. As a result, Stone Town fell, and Sun Hao, the unpopular king, quickly surrendered.

Later, the Yangtze River has gradually moved westward, and the sediment deposition in Shicheng River has become gentle. Stone Town is no longer so dangerous. Zhu Yuan built Tianfu Stone City as a part of Tianfu City. Stone Mountain is now a cool mountain area. This is a river in the west, influenced by natural stones. Build a stone city, and natural stones are part of the city wall.

Why is Nanjing called Stone Town?

In 2 12 AD, Sun Quan of Soochow in the Three Kingdoms changed Moling into Jianye, and built a stone city in Liangqingshan, which was "seven miles and a hundred steps" around the city. Like the old city of Jinling, it is still surrounded by mountains and waters, with two doors in the south and one in the east. Facing the big river in the northwest, the cliff formed by the red river conglomerate is the natural wall, and there is no gate. In the fifth year of Yixi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (409), a brick city was built. It is this humble earth wharf that played a decisive role in that year. Stone Town is a commanding height that protrudes from the river bank, with the Yangtze River in the west and the tide of the river approaching the gate. Li Bai's Song of Farewell to Fan Xuan in Jinling says: "Stone? f？ Like a tiger, Lingbo wants to go to Cangjiang. Zhongshan Dragon Pan stands out from the crowd, delicate and beautiful. " Describe the geographical situation of this stone town, with great momentum and feelings. Shicheng south controls the Qinhuai River estuary, and the situation is extremely dangerous. There are garrisons in the city, and Wu Dong takes the water army as the main military force. Stone Town's superior geographical location has naturally become the base of Wudong Water Army, and it can even be called the headquarters of the Water Army. At that time, it was also one of the largest docks along the Yangtze River, with ships coming and going. There are thousands of Chinese and foreign ships moored along the Yangtze River, which is the traffic hub between the north and the south of the Yangtze River. The ancients said that "cars are better than Shicheng, and Gechuan is hidden in the rivers and lakes". There are warehouses in the city, called stone warehouses, which are used to store weapons and food for life and combat readiness. At the height of the city wall, there is also a Wu Dong warning beacon tower, which is used to convey the warning of enemy invasion. With Shitou Town as the center, beacon towers are spread all over the dangerous places on the riverbank along the upstream and downstream directions, and they are in contact with each other. Sun Quan took Stone Town as a military fortress and competed with Cao Cao for Huainan several times. General Wang of the Western Jin Dynasty? F went down the river from Yizhou, wanted to cut Wu, cut off the iron chain, and reached the stone city. Sun Hao, the Lord of Wu, had to surrender. Liu Tang Yuxi's poem "Xibao Mountain Nostalgia" says: "Wang? F, disembarking in Yizhou, Yu Gui has languished in Nanjing. Chihiro's iron lock sank to the bottom of the river and a stone fell out. " That's what it means. In the subsequent civil war, all parties regarded Stone Town as a battleground for military strategists, and success or failure was often decided by winning Stone Town. In the early years of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Wang Dun rose up and preempted the stone town, which led to the death of the Jin and Yuan emperors. Liu, the northern Wei army invaded the south and personally deployed the plan in Shicheng. In Liang Wudi, Hou Jing colluded with the rebels, occupied Stone Town, and then occupied the capital, Jiankang. Although the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Southern Dynasties, the Sui Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty and other dynasties continued to build stone cities, due to the repeated destruction of wars and the westward movement of rivers, the stone mountains gradually moved away from the rivers, and the mountains were hidden in the city, and the importance of river defense of stone cities was decreasing. After eight years of Tang Wude (625), Stone Town began to be abandoned. Liu Yuxi, a poet in the middle Tang Dynasty, wrote the poem Shicheng in the second year of Bao Li (826): "The old country is surrounded by mountains, and the tide hits the empty city and returns to loneliness. In the old moon east of Huaishui, I also came to the female wall at night. " The stone city described by the poet is already a deserted and lonely "empty city". Although it is a "western stone city" to build Jinling City in Wu Yang, taking it as the northwest barrier, Jinling's defense has always relied mainly on the large-scale Jinling New City, and the stone city has been completely abandoned since then. Sadulla, a famous poet in Yuan Dynasty, once boarded the Stone Town. Thinking of the majestic posture and war of that year, he couldn't help feeling a lot: "On the Stone City, I looked down at the sky and saw nothing. It is pointed out that the six dynasties won, only the green hills are like walls. The flag covers the sun, even the clouds are shining, and the bones are as white as snow. How many heroes were killed in the north and south of the Yangtze River. " After Zhu Yuanzhang made Nanjing his capital in the Ming Dynasty, the wall was built in the second year of Hongwu (1369), and Stone Town became a part of the famous Nanjing wall. After 1700 years of vicissitudes, the Stone Town site is hard to find. Today, the grimace city at the foot of Liang Qingshan in Nanjing is said to be a stone city in the Six Dynasties, but it is actually a part of the Ming Dynasty wall.

What is the reason why Nanjing is called the Stone City?

In 333 BC, Chu Weiwang was destroyed and a city was built in Liang Qing (also known as Stone Mountain), which was called "Jinling City". In 2 1 1 BC, Sun Quan built the "Stone City" in the former site of Jinling City, which is an important historical relic in Nanjing today.

Why do we call Nanjing the Stone City?

In 306 BC, Yue was destroyed, Wu's hometown was taken, a city was built on the rocky mountain, and Jinling City was set up. This place is now a stone city.

Why is Nanjing called Stone Town? Because Nanjing is rich in rain flower stones? Thank you.

Not in 472 BC, after the destruction of Wu by Gou Jian, the King of Yue, he attempted to further annex Chu. He took a fancy to Changganli, which is located in the Zhonghua Gate of Nanjing today, and called Fan Li, a counselor, to supervise the construction, and named it "Yuecheng" or "Fan Li" City. At that time, "Yuecheng" was very small, only 1km, with 80 steps around the city and an area of only 60,000 square meters, so it was called "Yuetai". In 333 BC, Chu Weiwang was destroyed, and a city was built in Liang Qingshan (also known as Stone Mountain) in Nanjing, which is called "Jinling City", which is also the origin of Nanjing, also known as "Jinling" and "Stone City". In 2 1 1 BC, Sun Quan built the "Stone City" in the former site of Jinling City, which is an important historical relic in Nanjing today. This was a military fortress at that time. Surrounded by mountains and rivers, the terrain is very dangerous Stone Town is located at the foot of Qingliang Mountain in Nanjing. From the Shimen in the Dragon Panli of Hujuguan to the Caochangmen, you can see the winding city walls and the towering stone cliffs. This is a stone city built on a hill. Tongzhi's Shangjiang County Records. "Mountain Examination" contains: "Since Jiangbei, there have been no stones in the mountains, so there are stones in the mountains, hence the name." "Jiankangzhi" also said: "There is a city on the mountain, also known as Shicheng Mountain. "The' city' mentioned here is also a stone city. The origin of Stone Town can be traced back to the Warring States Period more than two thousand years ago. According to historical records, in the thirty-sixth year of Zhou Xian (333 BC), the State of Chu (Yingdu, now Jiangling, Hubei) destroyed the State of Yue (Wudu, now Suzhou), Chu Weiwang set up Jinling City, and built a city on Liang Qingshan. In the twenty-fourth year of Qin Shihuang (223 BC), the State of Chu perished, and the Qin Dynasty changed Jinling to Moling County. Legend has it that during the Three Kingdoms period, Zhuge Liang arrived on the eve of Battle of Red Cliffs to discuss with Sun Quan the plan to break Cao Zhi. According to legend, Zhuge Liang rode to Shitou Mountain to observe the mountains and rivers when passing through Moling County. He saw the mountains headed by Zhongshan winding in the southeast like a black dragon, while the western hills ending in rocky mountains stood on both sides of the river like tigers, so he praised "Zhongshan is long and flat, and the stone is beside the tiger, which is really the residence of the emperor" and suggested to Sun Quan to move the capital to Moling. After Sun Quan went to Battle of Red Cliffs, he moved to Moling (now Nanjing) and was renamed Moling Jianye. The following year, a famous stone town was built on the original foundation of Liang Qingshan. At that time, the Yangtze River flowed out of Liang Qing, so the military position of Stone Town was very prominent, and Sun Wu always regarded it as the most important naval base. In the following hundreds of years, it became the military center of war defense. In the civil war, the victory or defeat is often decided by taking the stone city. Stone Town is based on the cool natural cliffs on the western slope of Shanxi, surrounded by mountains, with a circumference of "seven miles and a hundred paces", which is equivalent to about six miles now. On the northern edge of the Great River, it reaches the mouth of Qinhuai River in the south, with two gates in Nankai and one gate in the east. To the west of the South Gate is the West Gate, which is surrounded by mountains and waters and separated by the Huaihe River. The danger is great now. There are stone warehouses and stone warehouses in the city to store military food and weapons. A warning beacon tower is built at the height of the city wall, which can send out signals at any time to predict enemy invasion. In the Southern Dynasties, the status of Stone Town as a military fortress to defend the capital remained unchanged. In ancient times, the Yangtze River flowed eastward around the foot of Liangshan Mountain. Huge waves beat the mountain wall from time to time and washed it into a cliff. After the Tang Dynasty, the river moved westward day by day. Since the eighth year of Wude in Tang Dynasty (625), Stone Town began to be abandoned. Therefore, Liu Yuxi, a poet in the middle Tang Dynasty, wrote a poem "Stone City": "The old country is surrounded by mountains, and the tide hits the empty city and is lonely. To the east of Huaishui, it is the moon, and it is late at night. "The stone city written by the poet is already a deserted and lonely' empty city'. Five Dynasties (924). The first temple, Xingjiao Temple, was built in Shitou Town, and later became a scenic spot where temples and academies were concentrated. Today, it is still famous at home and abroad for its majestic posture of "Stone City surrounded by tigers". Nowadays, when we walk under the stone city, we can not only see the foundation of the ochre pebble wall clearly, but also see the city bricks added to the stone wall in the past dynasties. According to geological research, the rock stratum here is the Pukou Formation stratum of Late Cretaceous about 654.38+0 billion to 70 million years ago. Under the wall between Qingliangmen and Caochangmen, there is a prominent oval stone wall, about 6 meters long and 3 meters wide. Because of years of weathering, pebbles are peeling off and pitted, with purple-black rocks and jagged rocks in the middle. From a distance, you can vaguely see your eyes, ears, nose and mouth, which looks like a ferocious face. It is called "grimace city". There are many legends about grimace city in Nanjing. According to legend, this stone used to be as smooth as a knife. Now there is a clear pond in the west of grimace city, and the reflection of grimace city can be seen from one side of the water. Old Nanjing people commonly call it a "grimace photo" ......

Was Nanjing Stone Town built by Sun Quan?

The ancients commented on Nanjing's shape victory, and used many reputations, such as "the middle plate, the stone city is surrounded by tigers", "the land of Kerry in the south of the Yangtze River, and the state of the imperial capital of Jinling". The stone city built by Sun Wu plays a vital role in defending the capital of the Six Dynasties and building health. There have been four stone towns in Nanjing. Which stone city was built by Sun Quan? This paper tries to discuss this.

1. The Stone Town built by Sun was the military center of the capital of the Six Dynasties.

Nanjing, as the capital of a country during the feudal separatist period, began in Soochow. There are many cities in Jiangnan. Why did you choose Jinling as the capital? Gai Jinling, located in the lower reaches of the prosperous Yangtze River, is rich in products, rich in humanities, has a good social, political and economic foundation, and has a magnificent momentum. Ding Jing Jiankangzhi in the Southern Song Dynasty concluded: "Stone is in the west, three mountains are in the southwest, and two mountains look across the river. Qinhuai came from the east, out of the end of the two mountains and injected into the river, thus building the portal of leaves. This passage puts the stone city in the first place and sees its military importance.

During the Six Dynasties, North and South were divided. There was chaos in the north, and wars continued. Jiangnan was blocked by a moat. The war disaster in the north was difficult to spread, so it was relatively calm, and the Six Dynasties regime was able to settle in a corner of the south of the Yangtze River. Stone Town, which controls the Yangtze River and borders the Huaihe River, is the most important fortress and warehouse in Jiankang, the capital of the Six Dynasties. Its gains and losses directly affect the safety of Jiankang, so Stone Town has become synonymous with ancient Nanjing, referred to as "Stone Town". Ding Jing Jiankangzhi has been published for seventeen years: "Jin attacked Wu, Wang Jun went downstream, from Sanshan to Shicheng. Liu Meng said, "Since Wang Jun set his big boat down from Yizhou, a stone has fallen. ".The golden stone is often a dangerous place. Xie Shangci gave the car and advocated keeping the stone. Wang dispatched troops to guard the stone chamber with Wenqiao. ..... Su Jun, according to the stone, has gathered to attack Daye base, and Tao Kan will save it. The sage said,' The infantry can't save the great cause. If you rush to attack Shicheng, you will save it, and the great cause will solve itself'. Start with it. Jun Guo gave up his great career and saved the philosopher's stone. Sun En went to Jingkou, and Yuan Xian kept the stone. In Andi, Song Gaozu begged Xu Daofu in the north, and Lu Xun took advantage of it. The emperor moved his army to the capital in April. The emperor said:' thieves are outnumbered, and dividing their soldiers can measure the actual situation of people. If we collect stones, we will be divided. Then move the ballast. "

"In the twenty-seventh year of Song Yuanjia, Wei people went to Guabu, and Danyang kept Shicang City. Since the incident, Emperor Qi Huan entered the DPRK and sent a monk named Jing as his confidant to the stone room. Daming Middle School was built as Changle Palace in the first year of Lihong and Jinghe, and Situ Yuan left town here. Hou Liangjing rebelled and entered the customs with the army. Stone Town looked at the prosperity of loyalists and was unhappy. Therefore, the stone is stored in Huaikou, and the boundary of Huaicheng is built. From the stone to the Qingxi for more than ten miles, the buildings are connected. The emperor built a wall in the west of the stone city, straight out of the northeast. He took advantage of the situation and the scene collapsed. Monk Wang begged Hou Jing, and the overseers went down the river and drove straight into Shimai City. An Wang Lu Da Chun led the army in Shicheng and the general Ningyuan. Xu Sihui recruited soldiers from Beiqi and handed them over to Quexia, Liu Damo and others to protect stones. Chen Baxian blocked the roads on the north and south sides of the stone, and also blocked the water wells in Dongmen City. Dharma asked for peace and agreed. The bully first sent him to the south gate of Shitou, then sent the Qi people back to the north, and even killed them. In the future, if there are policemen by the river, they must first defend themselves with stones ... ".

Therefore, Stone Town is a military town close to the Yangtze River and controls the mouth of Qinhuai River, which is a battleground for military strategists.

Second, there are four stone cities in Nanjing.

The Stone Town in Liang Qing was not built by Sun Quan. Since the Six Dynasties, there have been four stone towns in Nanjing. The Stone Town on Liang Qingshan was the last one to be built.

The first stone city, built in 2 12, was rebuilt by Sun Quan on the basis of Chu Jinling City. "Jiankang Zhi" quoted "Jade Emperor Zhi": Shishan "follows seven miles and hundreds of steps, from Jiangnan to Qinhuai Kou to Taicheng Jiuli. Since the Six Dynasties, it has been based on guarding the stone, and the princes and doctors have taken the garrison as the town, and their potential has covered the clouds. " "Jiankangzhi" also quoted "Jiangcheng Geography" as saying: "There is a city on the mountain, hence the name." "Gong Yuanji" says:' Chu Weiwang destroyed Yue and set Jinling City as Shicheng'. "The Story of Danyang" says:' Shicheng was in Wuweiniwu, and bricks were accumulated in the early Jin Dynasty. Because the mountain is a city and the river is a pool, the terrain is dangerous and solid, which is particularly strange. "Stone city has three doors. There is no door on the mountain in the north, a river in the west, two doors in the south and one door in the east. Although this city is an earthen wharf, the situation is very dangerous because the mountains are cities and the rivers are pools. In 230 AD, when Wang Jun, a general of the Western Jin Dynasty, led a ship to destroy Wu, it was this stone city that Sun Hao surrendered, so Liu Yuxi said in the Tang Dynasty that "a stone fell out". The military action around Stone Town mentioned in the previous section also refers to this Stone Town. According to the five elements of the Book of Jin: Jin Yonghe in July of the seventh year, "Tao Shui entered. ......

Which city in China is called Stone Town?

Nanjing. Stone Town is located in Liangqingshan District. Stone Town is called Stone Town for short, and Nanjing's alias Stone Town comes from this. "Shicheng Ji Snow" is one of the "Forty Scenes of Jinling" in Qing Dynasty, which is appreciated by literati and poets. "Shicheng" or "Shicheng", as one of the nicknames of Nanjing, is as widely known as the earliest and most widely used "Jinling". The name and origin of Stone Town are closely related to Jinling.

Why is Nanjing called Stone Town?

Stone city

At the foot of Qingliang Mountain in Nanjing, you can see winding city walls and towering stone cliffs from the Shimen in the tiger's dragon pan to the Caomen. This is a stone city built on a hill. Tongzhi's Shangjiang County Records. "Mountain Examination" contains: "Since Jiangbei, there have been no stones in the mountains, so there are stones in the mountains, hence the name." "Jiankangzhi" also said: "There is a city on the mountain, also known as Shicheng Mountain. "The' city' mentioned here is also a stone city.

The origin of Stone Town can be traced back to the Warring States Period more than two thousand years ago. According to historical records, in the thirty-sixth year of Zhou Xian (333 BC), the State of Chu (Yingdu, now Jiangling, Hubei) destroyed the State of Yue (Wudu, now Suzhou), Chu Weiwang set up Jinling City, and built a city on Liang Qingshan. In the twenty-fourth year of Qin Shihuang (223 BC), the State of Chu perished, and the Qin Dynasty changed Jinling to Moling County. Legend has it that during the Three Kingdoms period, Zhuge Liang arrived on the eve of Battle of Red Cliffs to discuss with Sun Quan the plan to break Cao Zhi. According to legend, Zhuge Liang rode to Shitou Mountain to observe the mountains and rivers when passing through Moling County. He saw the mountains headed by Zhongshan winding in the southeast like a black dragon, while the western hills ending in rocky mountains stood on both sides of the river like tigers, so he praised "Zhongshan is long and flat, and the stone is beside the tiger, which is really the residence of the emperor" and suggested to Sun Quan to move the capital to Moling. After Sun Quan went to Battle of Red Cliffs, he moved to Moling (now Nanjing) and was renamed Moling Jianye. The following year, a famous stone town was built on the original foundation of Liang Qingshan. At that time, the Yangtze River flowed out of Liang Qing, so the military position of Stone Town was very prominent, and Sun Wu always regarded it as the most important naval base. In the following hundreds of years, it became the military center of war defense. In the civil war, the victory or defeat is often decided by taking the stone city.

Stone Town is based on the cool natural cliffs on the western slope of Shanxi, surrounded by mountains, with a circumference of "seven miles and a hundred paces", which is equivalent to about six miles now. On the northern edge of the Great River, it reaches the mouth of Qinhuai River in the south, with two gates in Nankai and one gate in the east. To the west of the South Gate is the West Gate, which is surrounded by mountains and waters and separated by the Huaihe River. The danger is great now. There are stone warehouses and stone warehouses in the city to store military food and weapons. A warning beacon tower is built at the height of the city wall, which can send out signals at any time to predict enemy invasion. In the Southern Dynasties, the status of Stone Town as a military fortress to defend the capital remained unchanged.

In ancient times, the Yangtze River flowed eastward around the foot of Liangshan Mountain. Huge waves beat the mountain wall from time to time and washed it into a cliff. After the Tang Dynasty, the river moved westward day by day. Since the eighth year of Wude in Tang Dynasty (625), Stone Town began to be abandoned. Therefore, Liu Yuxi, a poet in the middle Tang Dynasty, wrote a poem "Stone City": "The old country is surrounded by mountains, and the tide hits the empty city and is lonely. To the east of Huaishui, it is the moon, and it is late at night. " The stone city described by the poet is already a deserted and lonely "empty city". Five Dynasties (924). The first temple, Xingjiao Temple, was built in Shitou Town, and later became a scenic spot where temples and academies were concentrated. Today, it is still famous at home and abroad for its majestic posture of "Stone City surrounded by tigers".

Nowadays, when we walk under the stone city, we can not only see the foundation of the ochre pebble wall clearly, but also see the city bricks added to the stone wall in the past dynasties.

According to geological research, the rock stratum here is the Pukou Formation stratum of Late Cretaceous about 654.38+0 billion to 70 million years ago.

Under the wall between Qingliangmen and Caochangmen, there is a prominent oval stone wall, about 6 meters long and 3 meters wide, because of years of weathering and gravel.

Stone peeling, potholes, spots, mixed with purple and black rocks, strange rocks, eyes, ears, nose and mouth faintly visible from a distance, like a ferocious face, known as the "grimace city" Nanjing has many legends about the grimace city. According to legend, this stone used to be as smooth as a knife. Now there is a clear pond on the west side of the grimace city. From one side of the water surface, you can see the reflection of the grimace city, which is also commonly known as the old Nanjing people. ......

Why is Nanjing nicknamed Stone City?

Stone city

Nowadays, when we walk under the stone city, we can not only see the foundation of the ochre pebble wall clearly, but also see the city bricks added to the stone wall in the past dynasties.

According to geological research, the rock stratum here is the Pukou Formation stratum of Late Cretaceous about 654.38+0 billion to 70 million years ago.

Under the wall between Qingliangmen and Caochangmen, there is a prominent oval stone wall, about 6 meters long and 3 meters wide, because of years of weathering and gravel.

Stone peeling, potholes, spots, mixed with purple and black rocks, strange rocks, eyes, ears, nose and mouth faintly visible from a distance, like a ferocious face, known as the "grimace city" Nanjing has many legends about the grimace city. According to legend, this stone used to be as smooth as a knife. Now there is a clear pond in the west of grimace city, and the reflection of grimace city can be seen from one side of the water. ......