First, the analysis of the status of e-commerce in China
By July 2000, China's e-commerce infrastructure, planning laws and regulations, theoretical research and application practice have made gratifying progress, mainly as follows:
1. Rapid development of infrastructure
The three major networks of modern e-commerce are developing by leaps and bounds.
(1), the computer network has developed remarkably, and it has been expanded and accelerated in succession. On June 5438+ 10 this year, the submarine optical cable between China and the United States was laid, and the total Internet bandwidth in China will reach 2.5G during the year. The number of Internet users in China doubled every six months, reaching16.9 million in June 2000. There are more than 1.5 million Chinese websites and more than 1.000 e-commerce websites. (2) The telephone network has developed strongly. The national telephone network has been programmed, with the installed capacity of fixed telephones exceeding 654.38+0.6 billion, mobile telephones exceeding 65 million and pagers reaching more than 76 million. 654.38+0.3% of the national population has a telephone. (3) The TV network has basically covered the whole country, and the number of TV sets in the country has reached more than 300 million. According to a family of four, almost every family has a TV. (4) Diversified development of communication networks. Optical fiber, microwave and satellite communication form a backbone communication network that integrates heaven and earth and complements each other. (5) basically realize multi-network interconnection. (6) E-commerce terminal products came out, and TV set-top boxes, telephones, computers, credit cards, integrated terminals, and Venus simple Internet access machines came out one after another. (7) On August 16, the expert appraisal meeting hosted by the State Information Office passed the appraisal of iSwitch information exchange platform products, which was rated as "international advanced level" and recommended to be popularized and applied during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period.
2. Accelerate the construction of planning laws and regulations
(1) The National E-commerce Development Framework was drafted by the Ministry of Information Industry and will be promulgated in the name of China E-commerce Strategic Development Outline after approval. (2) The construction of e-commerce laws and regulations was held by the Ministry of Information Industry and other units in1999 65438+February, and the second seminar was held in 65438+1October this year. (3) At the National People's Congress in March, 2000, more than 30 representatives jointly proposed the enactment of China's electronic commerce law. (4) On June 7, 2000, 165438+ China promulgated the Measures for the Administration of Internet News and the Measures for the Administration of Internet Electronic Advertising. (5) Some regions have begun to formulate e-commerce plans that are in line with local conditions. For example, Shenzhen has organized the drafting of the Five-year Plan for the Development of Electronic Commerce in Shenzhen, which will be submitted for implementation after further discussion.
3. Work on safety, payment and talent protection was actively carried out.
(1) The state has promulgated a number of security regulations for communication networks and the Internet. (2) Major commercial banks such as China Agricultural Bank, China Bank and China Industrial and Commercial Bank, headed by China Merchants Bank, have been surfing the Internet. (3) The China Financial Security Certification Management Center (CFCA) led by the People's Bank of China has been completed and put into trial operation. (4) Personnel training has started one after another, and many colleges and universities have opened e-commerce majors and double degrees; Professional talents at master's and doctor's levels have been trained, some of them have established e-commerce colleges and departments, and the national self-taught examination has opened undergraduate and junior college majors in e-commerce. Socialized on-the-job training and skill training are gradually carried out.
4. E-commerce applications are developing rapidly.
(1) More than half of the government is online. At the beginning of 1999, the government online project jointly sponsored by more than 40 places in China achieved remarkable results. By the end of 1999, 68 ministries and commissions had been connected to the Internet, and more than two-thirds of provincial and municipal governments published public information online, with more than 2,300 government websites and 7 industry information networks 17. (2) Economic departments of all countries are surfing the Internet. (3) Some enterprises have achieved initial success in surfing the Internet. Some enterprises have successfully carried out online sales and business activities, and achieved results. Such as: 8848, Beijing Xidan Book Building, etc. (4) Consumer goods have mushroomed on the Internet, and consumer goods such as books, clothing, sugar and department stores have attracted people's attention and received good feedback. (5) Actively develop online means of production. Chemical, steel, coal, automobile and other means of production have been prepared or have been online. (6) Internet access in the industry has begun to take shape. Tourism, education, medical care, entertainment and other industries have initially formed their own unique services on the Internet.
Second, the trend analysis of e-commerce in China
Entering the new millennium, domestic e-commerce will blow two horns, encouraging state-owned enterprises and private enterprises to use e-commerce to seek survival and development, improving market competitiveness, and further promoting the multi-directional development of e-commerce in China.
1, two speakers and their functions
(1) The first horn, according to the Ministry of Information Industry, the National E-commerce Development Framework, which has been brewing for more than a year, will be officially promulgated after being approved. It will directly promote all kinds of enterprises, especially large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises to carry out e-commerce. According to relevant data, there will be 520 large and medium-sized enterprises online in China this year, and the State Economic and Trade Commission and the Ministry of Information Industry will provide policy and financial support.
(2) The second clarion call, China will formally join the WTO. It plays a direct role in promoting the e-commerce application of enterprises in the market economy, especially private enterprises, because state-owned enterprises are more influenced by the government than private enterprises, and private enterprises are more dependent on the market than state-owned enterprises. There are obvious differences between state-owned enterprises (especially large and medium-sized enterprises) and private enterprises in the use of e-commerce. The comparison is as follows:
Differences between state-owned enterprises and private enterprises in using e-commerce
Necessity, possibility, flexibility and timeliness of enterprise category
State-owned enterprises are weak, strong and weak.
Private enterprises are strong, weak and early.
2. At the beginning of the new millennium, China has entered a new era of building e-commerce in an all-round way.
(1) The general framework was initially formed. To sum up, China's e-commerce has made remarkable progress in technical environment, regulatory environment and market environment. Driven by the introduction of national policies and the internal motivation and external pressure formed by the international trade environment, China has entered a new era of all-round e-commerce construction at the beginning of the new millennium.
Its characteristic is that commercial circulation enterprises and production enterprises will become the main force of e-commerce, with government management, scientific and technological support, IT establishment and bank payment respectively. So as to gradually form a new situation of e-commerce application with the coordination of production, learning, politics and business.
(2) The function of each subsystem appears. First of all, the government subnet will play a guiding, management and demonstration role in circulation, production and consumption; Second, the IT subnet will provide technical platform, security technology and the first application role; Third, the bank subnet will play the role of inter-bank settlement of payment intermediaries; Fourth, the technology subnet will play the role of talent training, knowledge transfer and skill training.
(3) E-commerce of state-owned enterprises will make a breakthrough. With the guidance and support of the government, state-owned enterprises will make great strides in e-commerce in the new millennium.
(4) E-commerce of private enterprises will once again show their talents. Since 1999, websites such as Sohu, Sina, 8848 and 372 1 have shown extraordinary skills. Under the background of China's entry into WTO, e-commerce of private enterprises will achieve new success in quantity and quality.
(5) The diversity of e-commerce will appear. People used to talk mainly about B? B，B？ C, and the new development trend will increase g? B (government and enterprises), while u? B (universities and enterprises) and C? C.
(6) Products and industries connected to the Internet can start a prairie fire. China's automobile, steel, coal, furniture, building materials, medicine and other large-scale varieties, industry websites are actively preparing, and will gradually carry out online marketing and trade.
Merchants will become the main force of e-commerce. According to our analysis and forecast in 1998, the development of e-commerce in China will go through four stages, which will be promoted by four columns: technology popularization, knowledge dissemination, legislation formulation and enterprise application, and production, learning, politics and business will enter this great industrial revolution one after another. At the beginning of the new millennium, e-commerce in China will partially enter the fourth stage, and form obvious signs and features.
Third, China e-commerce application countermeasures
Starting from the subject (initiative) of e-commerce, this paper discusses the countermeasures of e-commerce in China under the new situation from four aspects: government, industry, enterprises and universities.
1, government countermeasures: As a guide and management demonstrator of e-commerce, we should mainly pay attention to:
(1) e-commerce planning and construction. From the national e-commerce development strategic framework to the national and regional e-commerce planning and construction, it should be the primary task of the government in this field.
(2) Legal construction of e-commerce. The construction of legal system can start with the construction of market management rules, constantly sum up the experience and lessons in practice, and gradually transition to quasi-law and formal law.
(3) Construction of e-commerce standards. It involves the development and construction of information technology standards, safety standards, commodity code standards, service code standards and business process standards.
(4) Grasp the demonstration project. The Ministry of Information Industry is responsible for the 1 1 demonstration project in 1999, and the overall effect is good. The Ministry of Science and Technology selected the first "B? B e-commerce demonstration enterprise ",on this basis, sum up experience, exchange experience and play an exemplary role.
(5) government application. Online bidding, online procurement, online payment and settlement are the main aspects of government e-commerce application, which will play a good role in guiding and demonstrating and achieve great social and economic benefits.
2. Industry countermeasures
In China, industry authorities, industry associations and industry associations have the guiding role of industry behavior, and the following countermeasures can be considered in the development of industry e-commerce.
(1) Single product is online. In an industry, you can choose key commodities for online marketing. For example, at the 1999 "Wholesale E-commerce Conference" held by the State Economic and Trade Commission in Guangxi, the online marketing of several commodities such as sweet-scented osmanthus candy was introduced. There will be more online marketing of single products this year. It is reported that the Domestic Trade Bureau has approved the online automobile trade project in China.
(2) Industry access to the Internet. Many specialized industries are planning online projects. The country's "three gold", "ten gold", "finance and taxation, gold trade" all belong to this category.
(3) Comprehensive business network. Drawing on the experience of California's commercial network, China has gradually opened the integrated commercial networks of 163 and 169 to local information departments.
3. Company countermeasures
China enterprises to develop e-commerce can consider the following principles:
(1) Raise awareness, make plans and strengthen management step by step. First of all, enterprise decision-making, management and business backbone, purchase and sale personnel should receive training in stages, from the outside to the inside, from the superficial to the deep, from the single to the multi-network, from online marketing to internet trade, and finally to the full implementation of the unit's e-commerce strategic planning.
(2) Pay attention to the choice of strategic direction. General large and medium-sized enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises will adopt different entry and development processes. The main differences are: from external to internal market, e-commerce drives enterprise e-commerce and enterprise informatization; From the inside out-connecting market e-commerce from the inside of the enterprise to the outside; Internal and external training-on the one hand, pay attention to enterprise informatization and e-commerce, on the other hand, pay attention to the introduction and connection with market e-commerce.
(3) Carefully organize the election campaign. From the simplest single-machine browsing business information to opening a special website for business transactions on the Internet, it can be divided into multi-level economic and technological combinations, striving for a good efficiency/price ratio and a good benefit/price ratio, and fighting every battle well.
4. Countermeasures for scientific research and personnel training in colleges and universities
According to the experience of developed countries and China's national conditions, the countermeasures for e-commerce research and talent training in colleges and universities can be considered as follows:
(1) Research on the Theory and Application of Electronic Commerce. Scientific research units in colleges and universities should follow the practice of e-commerce at home and abroad and become the knowledge base and talent pool of the government, enterprises and society. Give play to the role of creator, disseminator and user of knowledge economy.
(2) Specialized personnel training. Set the specialization direction of e-commerce in existing majors such as marketing, enterprise management, international trade and trade economy.
(3) Set up e-commerce specialty after obtaining the approval of the national competent department.
(4) Information technology and business administration jointly set up a double degree in e-commerce.
(5) to carry out international cooperation and cultivate compound senior talents (mainly referring to the cultivation of graduate students and above).
conclusion
At the beginning of the new millennium, under the impetus of the two "horns" of domestic and international strength and pressure, China's e-commerce is entering a new period of comprehensive start-up and construction. Our government, industry authorities, universities and research institutions will make efforts for the construction of e-commerce environment from different angles, and the vast number of IT enterprises and traditional enterprises will actively invest in the application of e-commerce, from each according to his ability, taking what he needs and getting what he wants. E-commerce in China is booming.