-Intelligent building
Abstract: Intelligent building is the inevitable product of the development of contemporary science and technology. Especially at the end of this century, the development of information science and technology and computer has become an important pillar of the emergence and development of intelligent building. The construction industry has never experienced such a major impact as today. It can be predicted that intelligent building will become the forerunner of architectural revolution, an important industrial sector in 2 1 century, and further promote the development of other industries, and even become an important symbol of a country's scientific and technological cultural development level. It is also an important symbol of future architecture.
Keywords: intelligent building, information society background, intelligent, humanized and comfortable network, information service and security service
1. Intelligent Building Foundation
Information technology has brought great changes to people's production and lifestyle, such as: (1) the emergence of e-commerce, including online information services, e-shopping, e-banking and financial services, and online degree study; (2) changes in management; (3) Globalization of manufacturing and economic activities. With the Internet, a new device can be designed in the United States, printed in China and made in Russia. As a place where people live and move, the emergence and development of intelligent buildings is an inevitable trend to adapt to the changes brought about by informatization. Intelligent building is to realize the comprehensive management of communication system and various equipment (air conditioning, heating, water supply and drainage, power distribution, lighting, elevator, fire control, public security, etc.) in the building. By configuring various subsystems in the building, based on integrated wiring and taking computer network as a bridge. All these, from a technical point of view, also played a technical support role for the intelligent building industry.
2. Social background of intelligent building
The rapid development of science and technology in the 20th century led to profound changes in the industrial structure. Information resources have become the main resources of social production and an important factor of human survival and social progress. The output value of information industry has become the main part of the gross national product, so it is a national industry, even a global industry, with obvious characteristics of independence and integration. With the increase of white-collar workers, people pay more and more attention to the quality of office environment. The economy that relies on a large number of well-paid office workers to provide services cannot afford the state of high office expenses and low motivation. This contradiction must be solved by means suitable for the information society. The emergence of intelligent building has opened up a broad prospect for solving this problem, especially its communication and office automation system, which greatly improves office efficiency.
After the 1980s, due to the impact of high technology, some developing countries have brought vitality to their economies, but at the same time, they are also facing problems such as backward infrastructure and lack of dividends. As a result, some transportation and communication projects originally invested by the government were opened to the people and abroad, and the so-called BOT model appeared. All these have created social conditions for the improvement of the information society and the emergence of intelligent buildings.
3. The concept and development of intelligent building
In the information society, people's concept of modern architecture is also changing, and the services provided by traditional architecture are far from meeting the requirements of modern society and working environment. The emergence of intelligent building (IB) has turned every building into a small society. There are many small companies in it, and all kinds of business activities need trillions of information and control instructions to enter and leave the whole building. IB optimizes the structure, system, service and management of buildings and their internal relations, thus providing a reasonable, efficient, comfortable and convenient environment for investment. Due to the economic development and social informatization, the word "intelligent building" has gradually become popular in the construction industry, and there has been an upsurge of "intelligence" in domestic construction. Many real estate developers will label their names as "intelligent" or "5A-level intelligent buildings" when advertising. But the "intelligence" of architecture is not only to build a simple integrated wiring system, but also to add fashionable titles to itself at will. We must have a comprehensive, comprehensive and in-depth understanding of intelligent buildings, which is very important for designers, users and even developers.
3. 1 Connotation and architecture of intelligent building. (1) The Intelligent Building Research Institute in Washington, D.C. defines IB as: "Intelligent buildings provide a comfortable, warm and convenient environment with reasonable investment and high efficiency by optimizing the four basic elements of buildings-structure, system, service and management and their internal relations." (2) AIBI (American Institute of Intelligent Building) defines "intelligent building" as a building with high efficiency, high function and high comfort, which integrates the structure, system, service, operation and their interrelationships in an all-round way and achieves the best combination. (3) Japanese architectural circles emphasize that IB is a high-functional building, which has a high comprehensive management function through the convenient and effective use of modern information and communication equipment and building automation technology. (4) Singapore stipulates that IB must meet three conditions: first, it must have advanced automatic control systems such as security, fire protection and environmental control, as well as various facilities for automatically adjusting building parameters such as temperature, humidity and lighting, so as to create a comfortable and safe environment; Second, there are good communication network facilities to make data circulate in the building; The third is to provide adequate external communication facilities and capabilities. (5) Our understanding: IB is a safe, efficient, comfortable, convenient, flexible building with reasonable investment, which meets the needs of the information society. By adopting the method of system integration, intelligent computers, communication and information technology are organically combined with architectural art, and through automatic monitoring of equipment, management of information resources, information service for users and optimized combination with buildings.
3.2 The comprehensive intelligence of building operation usually includes five aspects:
First, the automation of building functions. The operation of large buildings includes many functional systems, such as water, electricity, heat, air conditioning, communication and so on. They also have their own characteristics. For example, the moisture is domestic water, domestic sewage, domestic hot water, production sewage, fire water, treatment and reuse of domestic and production wastewater, and treatment of production and domestic sewage. And it is very complicated for a building to realize automatic control. So the concept of intelligence is to make the best plan for others and complete its operation. Energy-saving operation of buildings. Another mission of intelligent building is to reduce the energy consumption of all kinds of equipment in the building, prolong its service life, improve efficiency, reduce management personnel and achieve higher economic benefits. C. communication automation. Using telecommunication network, satellite TV and computer internet to provide modern information transmission means for buildings. Office automation. Security automation. Signals are collected, analyzed and processed by various cameras and touch detectors, and controlled and protected by electromechanical integration equipment.
Generally speaking, IB consists of four systems: architecture, CA, OA and BA. After integrating them organically, IB can provide various advanced functions for office business processing, thus achieving the goal of economy, function, reliability and safety. CA, OA and BA systems * * * together constitute the mind and nervous system of the building. The building system is the main body of the three systems and the activity space of the building residents. Intelligent building is an intelligent combination of people, information and working environment, and it is an interdisciplinary application based on architectural design, behavioral science, information science, environmental science, social engineering, systems engineering, ergonomics and other theoretical disciplines. Intelligent building will become the symbol of future buildings.
Main references:
He Yeju et al., Research on Architectural History, China Building Industry Press.
New architecture and genre, China Building Industry Press.
Famous foreign architecture, China Building Industry Press.
Huang Sheng: New Concept of Architectural Design, Shandong Science and Technology Press.
Cao Wei: Intelligent Building and Its Development.
Liu Yudong: The Meaning of Architecture-Understanding Architecture in the Computer Age, Tianjin University Press.
[Japan] Oshima Toshi Utsumi, Japanese Architecture, China Building Industry Press.