Gave birth to a son named Chi. Later, when he grew up, he asked his mother, "Where is my father?" Mother said, "It took your father three years to build a sword for the king of Chu. The king of Chu was furious and killed him. Let me tell you before I leave: when I go out to see Nanshan, pine trees grow on stones and swords are on my back. " So the son went out of the house and looked south. He saw a grindstone under the pine pillar in front of the hall, so he chopped off its back with an axe and got the male sword. Sooner or later, he will stab the king of Chu.
The king of Chu dreamed of a child with a broad eyebrow, about a foot wide, and said that he would take revenge. The king of Chu hangs his daughter and rewards her. Hearing this, Chi started to run and ran into the deep mountains, sighing. I met a guest and said, "You are still young, why are you crying so sad?" Chi said, "I am the son. King Chu killed my father, and I want revenge! " The guest said, "I heard that the king of Chu bought your head for 1000 yuan." Please give me your head and sword, and I will avenge you. " Chi said, "Great!" So he committed suicide, holding his head and sword in both hands and presenting them together. The body is frozen. The guest said, "I will never fail you!" " "In this way, the body collapsed.
The guest went to see the king of Chu with his head bare. The king of Chu was overjoyed. The guest said, "This is the head of a samurai, and it should be cooked in a soup pot." The king of Chu did as he said. I can't cook it for three days and nights. My head jumped high, I opened my eyes and became angry. The guest said, "The child's brain is not rotten. Please go and have a look in the pot yourself. It must be rotten. " The king of Chu immediately approached, and the guest cut the king with a sword, and the king's head fell into the soup; The guest also beheaded and fell into the soup. All three heads are cooked and can't be distinguished. So the soup was poured out and buried with the cooked meat, commonly known as the "Three Kings Tomb".
2. The classical Chinese translation of New Tang Book is Wang Jue. When Gaozu entered the customs, Li Gang recommended the Prince's House to discuss joining the army. As a Crown Prince, he was granted the resignation position and moved to China with good manners. There is a gap between the prince and the king of Qin, and the emperor blames him for not being able to help him go to the country. The prince has been punished, and Taizong called him a counselor. The emperor tasted: "the Lord guards against evil ministers and cannot cure them;" If you are a minister, you can't treat the evil Lord. Only when the monarch and the minister are United can the country be safe. I don't know, but fortunately, the public figures are right and the world is at peace. Jin Jue said, "In ancient times, the son of heaven had seven contending ministers. If he didn't remonstrate, he would die one after another. Today, your majesty opened Shengde and received a few words. I am willing to spare no effort. "Di Ku, is a letter to the suggestion into the cabinet and the book, Xiamen, officials with the doctrine. Jue pushed Cheng Nain, and every time he was saved, the emperor gave him benefits.
Emperor's special envoy, Tai Changzu, awarded the palace musicians with the music method, and the words did not enter, which was well worth it. Xuan and Wen Yanbo joined in, saying, "Be filial to your grandson and cultivate wise men. Your majesty makes women happy, but he also blames them. The world takes scholars lightly! " The emperor was angry and said, "I care about you, but I am attached to it. I am lobbying for evil." Yan Bo was afraid, thanked him for his sin, and said, "I have the ability to enter the palace, and my sin deserves to die. Your majesty cherishes his life and entrusts him with a minister who is responsible for loyalty and effectiveness. Now you suspect that I am personal. I am your majesty's minister. I am not responsible for your majesty. " The emperor was silent and ashamed, so he stopped. Tomorrow, Fang said, "In the past, the king of Wu didn't need to be barbarian and Qi, but asked Qi to kill Du Bo. Since ancient times, it has been difficult for emperors to submit. I spent several nights in front of the saints. Yesterday I scolded them, and I regretted it. If you don't punish them, you won't give advice! "
Seal the county magistrate. Sitting on the taboo, on the left is the secretariat of the same state. Emperor read a famous minister, and I called to worship the minister of rites, Master Wang Wei. Worship first, Jue also pretends to be a teacher. The king asked him why he was loyal and filial, and he said, "Your Majesty, there is no distinction between loyalty and filial piety; Your majesty, the father of the monarch, is filial. Loyalty and filial piety can stand and become famous. " Wang said, "Loyalty and filial piety have a reputation, and I am willing to learn it." Jue said, "Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty called Wang Cang of Dongping a' charity'. May Wang Zhi Zhi." The emperor listened and said happily, "You can be innocent!"
Reference translation:
Wang Jue, uncle, is quiet and indifferent, upright and upright, content with what he meets and disagrees with others. At that time, Emperor Taizong appointed him as an ancient scholar. Emperor Taizong once said: "If the monarch and the minister are United, the country will be stable. Although I am not a wise king, fortunately, ministers often give me advice and correct my mistakes. I hope this will bring peace to my husband. " Wang Jue urged, "In ancient times, seven ministers of the Emperor of Heaven counseled and died one after another because their advice was not adopted. Now your majesty carries forward your virtues and adopts the opinions of people like us. I am willing to do my best to help your majesty. " Wang Jue was sincere and honest, recommended good words, and often remonstrated. Emperor Taizong trusted him more.
One day, Wang Jue came in and saw a beautiful woman waiting on the emperor. Taizong pointed to her and said, "King Lujiang is immoral. He killed her husband and treated her like an idiot. How can he not perish? " Wang Jue left his seat and replied, "Does your majesty think that King Lujiang did right or wrong?" The emperor said, "I killed someone but robbed that person's wife, and asked me if I was right or wrong." Why? " Wang Jue replied, "I heard that I went to see Guo and asked the people,' Why did Guo Gong perish? The common people replied, "Because he can distinguish good from evil. Qi Huangong said, "If you say so, he is a wise king, but why is he afraid of extinction? The people said, "No, Guo Jun knew it was a good idea, but he didn't adopt it. He didn't stop doing what he knew was wrong, so he died. Now your majesty knows the reason why King Lujiang perished, and his Maggie is still with you. I think your majesty thinks this is the right thing to do. Knowing that it is wrong (but continuing to do it) is the so-called knowing that it is wrong but not stopping doing it. " Emperor Taizong appreciated what he said.
Grandson Xiao, an overly sectarian person, used music to teach the musicians in the palace. Because these musicians didn't improve their skills, Sun Xiao was scolded by the emperor many times. Wang Jue and Wen Yanbo both said, "Filial piety is to respect people. Your majesty told him to teach female music and scolded him. Don't people in China think that the emperor looks down on scholars too much? " Emperor Taizong said angrily, "You people are all my confidants, and you even attach subordinates to deceive me and lobby for others?" Yan Bo was afraid and apologized, but Wang Jue didn't apologize. He said: "I served the former Crown Prince and deserved to die. Your majesty pitied my life, appointed me to an important position and asked me to be loyal and effective. Now your majesty suspects that I am selfish. This is your majesty's apology to me. I have not failed your majesty. " The emperor was speechless and ashamed, so he stopped pursuing it.
At that time, Wang Jue and Ling Xuan assisted in state affairs together. Emperor Taizong said to him, "Please comment on the talents of Ling Xuan and others, and tell me who is more talented than these people?" Wang Jue replied: "I am diligent in serving my country, and there is nothing in the DPRK that I don't care about." I am not as good as Ling Xuan; I am not as good as Jing Li; The last performance was detailed and clear, and the thinking was also very appropriate. I am not as good as Yan Bo; I have to do everything to manage heavy affairs, so I might as well wear clothes; I take remonstration as my duty, and you are not as ashamed as Yao and Shun. I am not as good as Wei Zheng. As for cracking down on bad people and rewarding good people and good deeds, I hate evil and like kindness and beauty. I have a little advantage over them. " Taizong said yes.
3. Lu Dazhong's translation of classical Chinese-Gresky translated it paragraph by paragraph for reference.
Deng Di used to be the viceroy of Huayin and Jincheng. Hanjiang Xuanshan, a great cause for Yongxing Road.
Change the secretary to Cheng, and check the words of Privy Council officials and armory in detail. Make the article righteous and strict, and make it interesting.
Da Zhongyan said, "dispatch troops told the public that the country used Japan to defeat it, and the Han Dynasty settled the land, and the Tang government was good at law." Archers are close to the field, brave and close to the government. Choose one, and you can help. "
Appoint a military judge to sign the book. Translation: Lu Dazhong entered Bo.
Imperial examination Jinshi, Ren Hua Yin Wei, Jin Cheng Ling. When Han Jiang declared Shaanxi, he took Lu Dazhong as an example and led Yongxing Road Volunteers.
Later, he became Secretary Cheng, examining Privy Council officials and people in the back room. Let Lu Dazhong analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the volunteers.
Lu Dazhong said: "There are too many national soldiers, and the national finances are getting more and more difficult; The system of stationing farmland in Han dynasty and the system of government troops in Tang dynasty are both good methods. At present, the archers' army system is close to the system of reclaiming farmland, and the volunteer army system is close to the system of officers and men. Choosing a good way to use it can save huge expenses. "
Lu Dazhong was appointed as the judge of the national army. When he arrived in Xining, Wang Anshi suggested sending envoys from all walks of life to set up border ditches, and Dazhong and Fan Li were ordered to say goodbye.
Loyal to Chen, I can't agree, thinking that if I care about foreign countries, if I don't agree, I will cause trouble. No delivery.
To make Angela Liu make Qidan, discuss the generation of the north, will be defeated by his father. From beginning to end, I know the birth of the country.
The Khitan sent Xiao Su and Liang Ying to the next generation, but according to the chairman, Dazhong had an argument with them and moved to the north of the Great Wall. In the west, go to the cabinet door to make an ambassador and know the state.
Great loyalty and simplicity, ingenuity, all discussions, repeated reasoning, simplicity and ingenuity. Little Xi has been asked to come to the north, and God demands rule and great loyalty and sincere discussion, which will be what he demands.
Zhong Da said, "He sent a special envoy, which is 500 miles from the land. What if Wang Weiying came to ask Guan Nan? " Zongshen said, "What are you talking about?" He said to him, "Your Majesty, since he takes Mandarin as an exception, I'm afraid he can't get up gradually."
Chen said, "I hope your majesty will consider the words of righteousness and take the country's big plan into consideration." If you are in power, you can't take it away, and you can't decide whether to discuss death. If you stop repaying the company, you will eventually lose your loyalty.
Later, it was bounded by the watershed. During the Ningnian period, Wang Anshi suggested sending envoys to the states to rebuild the boundaries of his government. Both Lu Dazhong and Fan Yu were appointed as envoys, and both refused to travel.
Lv Dazhong wrote to state five reasons for his opposition, arguing that if he cares about other countries and makes good use of credit improperly, it will inevitably lead to disaster. The court relieved him of his post and did not send him.
He was also ordered to go to Khitan with Angela Liu to discuss the northern region, which coincided with his father's death (no mission). Later, it was reused and appointed as the state representative.
Xiao Su and Liang Ying, the Khitan envoys, pitched tents in Daizhou, but wanted to occupy the main position. Lu Dazhong and others were in a hurry, so they moved their headquarters to the north of the Great Wall. After Lu Dazhong, he was appointed as the envoy to the West and the magistrate of Shizhou.
Lu Dazhong met with Xiao Su and Liang Ying many times. Every time he talks, he often convinces people by reasoning, making Xiao Su and Liang Ying give in a little. Later, the Khitan sent Xiao Xi to demand the cession of the northern region (to them), and Emperor Zongshen called the ruling ministers to discuss the matter with Lu Dazhong and Angela Liu, intending to agree to their demands.
Lu Dazhong said, "If you send envoys, you will be given 500 Li of land. How about sending Wei Wang Yingbi to discuss Nanguan? " Zongshen said, "What are you talking about?" Lu Dazhong replied, "Although your Majesty doesn't agree with me, I'm still worried that I can't open my mouth."
Angela Liu said: "Lu Dazhong's words are in line with the grand plan of stabilizing the country. I hope your majesty will carefully consider his words. " Knowing that their views could not be changed, the ruling minister fired Angela Liu and sent him back to the Third Division. Lu Dazhong also ended his mourning.
In the end, the two countries took the watershed as the boundary. Yuan Fengzhong, a transfer judge in Hebei, said: "The ancients managed their finances and regarded the world as a family.
The house of the imperial court, the brother of the outside planner, has different residences, but it is rich and rich. Now the company only knows the name cashier, but the shortcomings are more than enough, so in fact it has never been told.
Therefore, if there is surplus, take it, and if there is shortage, it will be a catastrophe. "Making money to support the people is twelve things.
Transferred to Huaixi prison. When the river is determined, the locust is a disaster, loyalty is right, and it is extremely discussed and returned to the old official.
During the Yuanfeng period, Lu Dazhong was a transfer judge for Hebei, saying, "In ancient times, there was financial management, and there was a family in the world. The imperial court is like a home, and all the places managed outside are like brothers. Although their positions are different, there is no difference in finance.
At present, the competent department only knows the nominal name of expenditure and income, but does not tell the emperor the truth. Therefore, it is indeed a great hidden danger to collect from places where there is excess, but not to make up for it where there is deficiency. "
So Shangshu stated twelve things to make money and support the people. Was transferred to Huaixi prison.
At that time, another locust plague occurred on the Yellow River levee. Lu Dazhong entered the DPRK to answer Wang's questions and discuss the disaster situation in detail. The emperor issued a letter to restore his official position. At the beginning of Yuan You, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, including Langzhong and Shaanxi, dispatched deputy envoys to learn about Shaanxi, so as to learn about Qin Zhou through Long Ting and make preparations for entering the Bowen Museum.
Since Xia people committed a crime in Lin Fu and he got a gift at the age of 20. If they want to send a special envoy to apologize, God will allow it. Great advice: "Xia people are strong, vertical, and obedient when they are sleepy. Today, they are really afraid of the Crusades.
It is wise to order the border minister to comment on the reason for his coming. If he only asks, he will have a glimpse of me. In Yuan You's early years, Lv Dazhong successively served as a doctor in the Ministry of Industry, a transshipment ambassador in Shaanxi and a magistrate in Shaanxi. He was appointed as the magistrate of Qinzhou in the capacity of Zhilong Tuge, and was promoted to the system of Bao Wenge serving the middle school.
Due to the Xixia people's invasion of Fu Lin and celebration, the Song Dynasty stopped giving Xixia Nian coins, and Xixia intended to send an legatee to apologize (demanding the restoration of Nian coins), and Emperor Zongshen was ready to promise him. Lu Dazhong said: "Xixia people are indulgent when they are strong, and obedient when they are weak. Now they seem obedient, but in fact they are afraid of crusade.
Border officials should be ordered to blame them for coming. If they want it, we will agree, and Xixia people will see through our reality. "When the county people millet, hao home for manipulation.
Zhong Da selected his current staff from Dan and entered the warehouse. Although he was promoted, he was also affected. People are happy, vying for the shipment of millet in the warehouse, leaving with negative money, and getting more than one million welcome.
At that time, the county government bought the grain of Bai surname, and the rich family took the opportunity to control the manipulation (selfish). Lv Dazhong chose his colleagues to go to the official warehouse with him early in the morning (to buy grain), even if there is only one bucket and one liter, it will not hinder the grain collection.
The people were overjoyed and rushed to transport the grain to the official warehouse (for sale) and took the money to leave. Most.
4. The translation of the classical Chinese idiom "practise fraud" comes from this story; In the summer of the 26th year of Duke Xiang of Lu (547 BC), the State of Chu attacked the State of Zheng (whose capital is now xinzheng city). There are two forward generals of the Chu army, one is a fierce general from a civilian background who wears garrison, and the other is the younger brother of King Chu Kang. Dai Yin's defenders are brave and good at fighting, and his son is born in a noble family and timid, so he follows Yin's defenders in every battle.
As soon as the war started, he took the lead in putting on the garrison and rushed forward to fight with Huang Jie, the garrison commander of Zheng Jun. After several rounds, the emperor's strength gradually faded. In a hurry, the emperor lost his front hoof and rolled off the saddle. The galloping horse galloped past and captured the emperor alive.
After the war, my son felt very uncomfortable. He felt that such a good opportunity, wearing a seal of civilian origin, actually robbed the limelight, but it was humiliating. So he decided to lie and say that the emperor was captured by himself. Dai Mingxin has long defended the son's bullying, and this time he naturally refused to compromise. Two people flushed, almost fight.
Later, they asked Taizai Bozhou Plough, who was embedded in the army, to be a notary to judge who was responsible. Bozhou Plough ordered the emperor to be brought to him to explain the reason, and then deliberately raised his hand high and respectfully pointed to his son and said, "This is the son, he is the favorite brother of our country's monarch!" Then, the plough in Bozhou put his hand very low again, pointing to the Chuanfeng garrison with disdain, and said, "This man is called Chuanfeng garrison, which is a small county outside China. You see clearly, which of these two captured you alive? "
Obviously, Bozhou Plough is interested in favoring his son. Huang Jie understood his intention from the gesture of Bozhou plough, so he pointed out that his son had captured himself. He also flattered him and said, "My son is very capable and brave and surrendered." Therefore, Bozhou plough awarded the son the credit for capturing the emperor alive. Soon, Zifeng, Bozhou Geng Sheng, the emperor Dai Yin escaped. Show the meaning of bending the law and cheating to reverse right and wrong. In today's society, this situation often happens: for example, someone has done something illegal, knowing that he deserves it, but he can't escape punishment; So he secretly paid bribes, or asked relatives and friends for mercy and protection. As a result, the big things turn into small things, and the small things turn into nothing. We still have to muddle through. People like this, bending the law, get in the way, which can be said to be "collusion".
5. Zhong's classical Chinese translation: Zhong is a benefactor.
When I was a teenager, I worked in Duyou County. At that time, if there was a wine ceremony for the curator of the county pavilion, it was registered and checked by the government.
While Li Zhong and Yi Feng were still recording, he went in and said to the Taishou, "The example of' being a wife at home' in The Spring and Autumn Annals and' being a wife at home' in The Book of Songs extends to managing the family and the country.". In other words, the root of Xiao Ming's enlightenment is that it extends from people around to people in the distance.
Now we should clean up the house first and put aside the subtle mistakes in the distant county for the time being. "The satrap thought he was very capable, so he was appointed to be in charge of the counties.
In the 14th year of Jianwu (AD 39), a great plague occurred in Huiji. The death toll is 1 10,000. Zhong personally pitied him, operated on him and supplied medicine. Most people in his area accepted his relief. Zhong was recommended by the sheet, was promoted, and was recruited to the shogunate Hou Ba of Da Situ.
The court issued a letter to send the prisoner to Hanoi. At that time, it was the middle of winter and the cold, and the prisoner was sick and could not walk. When passing through Hongnong County, Zhong asked the county to make cotton-padded clothes for the prisoner, and the county wanted to give it to him, but he wrote to the court to report it, and Zhong also reported the whole situation.
Guangwudi took the paper, showed it to Hou Ba and said, "The bailiff you sent has a good conscience. He is indeed a good official. " Li Ben intended to untie the prisoners' shackles on the road and let them walk around casually, but he set the arrival date, and all the prisoners arrived on time, and no one violated it.
When you come back, you will be fired because of illness. Later, he was appointed as the county magistrate of Xiaqiu County.
Among these officials, there is a thief named Tan Jian who steals from the county. Zhong Liying retired and asked for a confession in private. Tan Jian kowtowed and confessed. Zhong couldn't bear to punish him any more, so he sent him home and let him take a long vacation. When Tan Jian's father heard this, he arranged a banquet for Qin Jian 'an and said to him, "I heard that the king who had no choice but to kill with a knife, but the king who had the choice used benevolence instead of killing.
You are guilty. This is your destiny. "So Tan Jian took medicine and died.
In the 25th year of Jianwu (AD 50), it was promoted to Tangyi County Order. The county civil defense avenged his father, was arrested and imprisoned, and his mother died of illness, preventing him from crying and not eating.
Zhong felt sorry for him, so he sent him home and let him arrange the funeral for his mother. Sung Hoon argued that he could not let people go. Zhong said to him, "I put the sinner back." I will stick to my faith and never let you get into trouble. "
So I let him go. Fang Guang returned to prison after burying his mother.
Zhong reported the matter in secret, but actually reduced the death penalty. Xianzong acceded to the throne and worshipped Zhong as a minister.
At this time, prefect Zhang Hui recovered the capital for accepting bribes and corruption. Money, goods and other books were confiscated and handed over to Dasinong, and the court issued a letter to hand over the stolen goods to the minister.
Zhong got some pearls, put them all on the ground and didn't give them. Xianzong was surprised and asked why. Zhong replied, "I heard that Confucius was thirsty and didn't drink the stolen spring water." He once heard the name' holy shepherd' and went back to the car, hating its name.
These dirty treasures really dare not worship. "Xianzong sighed:" How righteous the words of the ministers are! "So he gave Zhong 300,000 yuan, and he was promoted to the servant of Shangshu.
Original: Zhong, the word "Zhong", is also a person who will take records. Less for the county party committee secretary du you.
When the Tingchang of Shibei County received the wine ceremony, the government recorded a case to study. The letter of intent still remembers what he said to the Taishou: "The poem says' punish widows and govern the country with the family', which clarifies the political foundation. From near to far, it is better to clean up the government first, which is slightly wider than the county."
The satrap was very virtuous and was appointed as a county magistrate. In the fourteenth year of Jianwu, there was a great epidemic, and tens of thousands of people died. They want to live alone and hide their relatives. After giving the medicine, their ministries benefited from it.
After giving filial piety, he built the great Situ Hou Fu Ba, and the imperial edict department sent his disciple to Hanoi. It was cold in winter and his disciple was ill. When I passed Hongnong and wanted to move to the county as a servant, the county had to let it go, and the words in the book were also meaningful.
When he was brave enough to play, he said, "What did you make Nairen He do with your heart? Honest and kind! " I am willing to untie the shackles of Taoism, do whatever I want, and come as scheduled, without any offenders. Also, in order to avoid getting sick.
Xian zong succeeded to the throne and was appointed as the minister of history. Yongping suffered from drought for three years, but this is a big rise in Gong Bei. He said: "Yesterday, Tang Cheng suffered from drought, and he blamed himself for six things:' Isn't politics evil? Disgusting and evil? Palace glory evil? Women are full of evil? Do evil? Is swearing evil? "Stealing Gong Bei's masterpiece, the people lost the time for farming; Since ancient times, the palace of asceticism has been small and narrow, but the suffering people are uneasy. In order to cope with the heavenly heart, it should be stopped. "
Emperor Ce wrote a letter to the newspaper saying, "Tang cited six things and blamed one person. Don't thank him. " Also, the master also urgently needs to stop being a palace.
The emperor naturally censored, so that his eyes and ears were hidden, and many ministers or ministers were vilified. In recent years, the following ministers have seen it. The emperor angered Lang Song with something and hit it with a stick. When Song went under the bed, the emperor was very angry and said angrily, "Lang is out!" " Song Nai said, "Emperor Mu Mu, vassal and emperor. I didn't know there was a monarch, so I ran into Lang. "
The emperor is tolerant. At that time, the imperial court was in a state of panic, and advocated strict avoidance of punishment. It only dared to remonstrate and argue, and returned several letters, which failed to be redeemed.
There was even a variation in the meeting. The official said: "Your Majesty is afraid of ghosts and gods and cares about Li Yuan. However, those who are not in harmony with the weather and violate the festival in cold and summer are blamed on the fact that the minister can't announce his duties, but he is vulgar and the officials have no intention of dating. As for the rebellious feelings, it caused natural disasters. The people can win, but it is difficult to convince them. May your majesty be virtuous, probation, and adjust yin and yang according to the time. "
Although the emperor can't use it, he knows his sincerity and loves it. Extended data:
About the author: Ye Fan (398-445), born in Yang Shun, Nanyang (now Xichuan County, Henan Province), was an official, historian and writer in the Southern Song Dynasty, the great-grandson of Wang Fan, general of Anbei in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the grandson of Fan Ning, and the son of Fan Tai.
Born into a noble family, he read widely. In the second year of Yuanxi (420), after Emperor Wu ascended the throne, he became the champion, moved his secretary, and became a new Cai Taishou; In the ninth year of Yuanjia (432), he offended Stuart Liu Yikang and was demoted as the satrap of Xuancheng. He began to write the Book of the Later Han Dynasty and moved to General Ning Shuo.
In the 17th year of Yuanjia (440), he took refuge in Shixing Wang Liujun, and served as a post-general, a long history, a satrap of Nanpi, a left-back general and a prince James. In the 22nd year of Yuanjia (445), Liu Yikang, king of Pengcheng, was enthroned by Kong Xixian, defeated and killed at the age of 48.
He was brilliant all his life and made outstanding achievements in history. The book "The History of the Later Han Dynasty" is rich in materials, rigorous in structure and rich in words, and is also called "the first four histories" with Historical Records, History of the Han Dynasty and History of the Three Kingdoms.