Legend has it that during the reign of Emperor Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, Emperor Kangxi toured Suzhou and Hangzhou in the south of the Yangtze River. There is a local surname? Hey? When local officials received Emperor Kangxi, they presented famous cards. Because? Hey? Word sum? But? (The ancient sound is timid, equivalent to today? But? Word), Kangxi emperor blurted out the official surname is? But? The emperor's mouth is full of glory. Not only did the local official not complain that his surname was mispronounced, but he thanked the emperor for changing his surname. Hey? Of course I'll change my last name? But? Sound. To compare with this last name? But? Word distinction, local officials made a special one? Hey? The news reported to the court is. Kangxi dictionary? Included. Since then, it has been widely used by people? Hey? The word "zi" and the word "zi" are put aside first. But there are still children and grandchildren who are unwilling to change the pronunciation of their ancestral names. So? Hey? Is there another pronunciation for this word? xi？
At the end of Shang Dynasty, a descendant of Hao Tao, a man named Li Zheng, was loyal to Zhou Wang and made many remonstrances. At that time, Zhou Wang was tyrannical and indulgent, and the rulers and people hated him. Zhou Wang was annoyed with Richard's repeated persuasion, so he killed Richard. After hearing the news, Li Zheng's wife Qihe fled with her youngest son, Li Zhen. Qihe's family was originally from Chen State (now Huaiyang, Henan Province), and wanted to escape back to her family, but she was afraid of bringing trouble to her family, so she fled to western Henan. Speaking of the Yi River Basin in western Henan? Houyi's market? (that is, the place where Hou Yi once lived and was later abandoned) Mother and son were hungry and tired, and Xiao Lizhen was dying. There is no one there and it is impossible to find food. Fortunately, Qi Heshi found some wild trees nearby? Mu Zi? (Wild fruit), so I picked it and ate it, saving my life. Mother and son fled to eastern Henan and settled in Guxian (now Lu Yi, Henan), not too far from Huaiyang. Turn right? Mu Zi? Saving his life, and Li, like him, can avoid the pursuit, so Li began to change his surname to Li. This is the origin of the surname Li.
The second legend of the origin of surnames is that Chen's surname mainly comes from Gong Man in the early Zhou Dynasty. According to legend, Hu Gongman is a descendant of Yu Shun, one of the Three Emperors and Five Emperors.
Shun lost his mother when he was young, and his stepmother was inhuman. He was often beaten and abused, but he resigned himself to his fate and showed more respect to his stepmother. He is famous all over the world because he is studious and filial. In the last few years of Emperor Yao, he not only married his two daughters, E Huang and Nv Ying, but also passed on his throne to others. Therefore, when Shun was in power, the world was governed and the people were rich. Adjust the jade candle, rest the eternal wind, eat paste fire and drink Liquan? Share weal and woe with the people, so they get more support from the people. After his death, he spread to Hu Gongman in the 35th century and was enfeoffed to Chen (now Huaiyang, Henan Province) to establish a vassal state and defend the royal family. From then on, Hu Gongman was called because he was sealed in Chen, and the country he founded was also called Chen. Later, his descendants also took the country name as their surname, Chen.
In the era of the Yellow Emperor, chariots were widely used. Huangdi invented the high-wheeled vehicle, so it was also called Xuanyuan nationality. Chen is an important branch of Huangdi clan, and is also the in-laws of Huangdi clan. ? Married Chen Feng's daughter and gave birth to (Yao ornaments). ? ("Historical Records? Five emperors "). Di Ku is the great-grandson of the Yellow Emperor and the son of Zhuan Xu. ? As a pioneer, Chen Feng is also a country. Overseas Chinese took Chen Fengsheng as a native, and Chen (female) was born in Diyao, Fengqiu of Qizhi and Chen Yi. ? ("Road history? Books such as Ji Ji of Country Names, Suoyin, Personal Appearance and Justice all think that Feng, Feng, Feng and Bang are the same in general meaning, while Chen Feng and Chen Feng refer to the same thing. ) It can be seen that the Huangdi clan and the earliest recorded Chen clan are two intermarried twins. The grandson's daughter-in-law of the Yellow Emperor and the great-grandson's daughter-in-law are both members of the Chen family. Through this blood relationship, they formed a strong foundation for the grand alliance of Yan and Huang clans and tribes. The Yellow Emperor started in Jishui, located at the junction of Shaanxi and Gansu. Now there is Xuanyuan Valley in the south of Tianshui City, Gansu Province, and Jishui in Qishan County, Shaanxi Province. The origin of the Chen tribe is likely to be nearby. There is Chencang Mountain in the west of Qishan County today. It is about forty miles away from today's Baoji city. Chencang Mountain, also known as Chen Feng, is like a chicken stone, so it is also called Jifeng. At the foot of the mountain is Chen Ban, who may be the earliest place where the Chen Feng tribe lived. According to legend, in the Spring and Autumn Period, Qin Wengong got a jewel shaped like a chicken. When the immortal of Baoji comes, he will find that his voice sounds like a pheasant. So Qin Wengong built a temple in Chenban and named it Chenbaodian. In the Tang Dynasty, this area was called Baoji County.
The Huangdi tribe is good at making this kind of multi-spoke high-wheeled vehicle. He and his descendants lived a nomadic life, constantly migrating on the grassland. The whole tribe lined up in a long motorcade. When moving from one pasture to another, men, women, children and property are all put in cars, and high-wheeled carts are pulled by cattle and horses to advance on the vast grassland. When encountering an attack from a hostile tribe, the motorcade will be arranged horizontally to block the enemy's impact. Is this a primitive society? Array? , that is, the car war. People are holding weapons to meet the enemy, standing in the car, and there are infantry fighting beside the car. When night fell quietly, the tribal chief ordered his team to form a circle, where people and animals lived. On the vast grassland where there is no danger to defend, a strong temporary castle suddenly formed. This castle surrounded by high-wheeled vehicles can not only resist the sneak attack of enemies or wild animals, but also resist the invasion of cold wind, bringing people and animals a sense of security. From this, we can appreciate the deep brand left by the life of high-wheeler to this family. So, what kind of person is the Yellow Emperor? According to Sima Qian's historical records, the Yellow Emperor was the son of Shaodian, surnamed Gongsun and named Xuanyuan. It is said that the Yellow Emperor was able to speak when he was born, and he showed superhuman intelligence when he was very young. He is eloquent, eloquent, honest, alert and resourceful.
At the time of the Yellow Emperor, Shennong had declined, and the princes fought and invaded each other, oppressing the people, and Shennong was unable to conquer. The Yellow Emperor, who grew up in troubled times, realized that the world must be pacified by force. As long as there is strong force, it is not difficult to pacify the princes who dominate the land and create chaos. So he practiced martial arts and array every day. A few years later, Wen Tao became proficient in martial arts. So, he first led his troops to crusade against those arrogant princes who didn't pay tribute. As a result, the princes were killed and fled, and other princes saw that the situation was not good and joined them. After the situation stabilized, on the one hand, Huangdi treated the people well and taught them to grow grain, on the other hand, he prepared horses and taught them to learn to fight. After gaining power, he first fought against Emperor Yan, who disturbed the tribe, in the wilderness of Hanquan (now southeast of Zhuolu County, Hebei Province), and won three out of three. Later, he led the troops to kill Chiyou in Zhuolu (now Hebei). After these two fierce battles, the yellow emperor's prestige increased greatly, and all the princes unanimously elected him as the son of heaven. Since then, he has been acclaimed as the leader of the tribal alliance by tribal leaders.
The Yellow Emperor lived in Xuanyuan Mountain and married the daughter of Xiling family named Leizu. Lei Zu is the main palace of the Yellow Emperor. He has two sons: one is Xiao Xuan, who lives in Huishui; The other is Changyi, who lives in Ruoshui. Changyi has a son named Zhuan Xu. After the death of the Yellow Emperor, he succeeded to the throne and used Levin's name.
Zhuan Xu is quiet and wise, and respects talents. During his administration, guests from all directions came to Korea. After the death of Jing Zhuan, the throne was inherited by Gao Xin, the son of Xuantao, namely Di Ku. According to generations, Di Ku is the great-grandson of the Yellow Emperor. Di Ku was also a wise monarch, who was deeply loved by the people for his benevolent policies and caring for their sufferings.
There are four wives and four sons. The first one is called Zhi, and the second one is called Zhi. After death, Zhi inherited the throne. After he became emperor, his national strength became weaker and weaker because of his poor talent and poor governance. However, Gu Xun, who was named Marquis of the Tang Dynasty, managed the land of the Tang Dynasty in an orderly way because of his outstanding talent. So Ji gave him the throne. Fang Xun, the heir to the throne, was called Emperor Yao or Tang Yao in history. Emperor Yao is a famous saint in history. He once set officials in charge of seasons and calendars. He also consulted April and chose Shun as his successor. After Yao's death, Shun inherited the throne.
Shun's mother's name is Walden. She was born in the ruins of Yao because she saw a big rainbow. The suspect holding Deng hostage is a human being, that is, Deng's daughter. Shun word Zhonghua, also known as Zhonghua, Chongming. It is named after his two eyes with three pupils. He has a square head and a square brain, a long face and a big mouth, and dark skin. He is six feet one inch tall (equivalent to five feet three inches today). Shun's father Gu Sou and his stepmother tried their best to kill him when he was a minor, but Shun was naturally generous. Every time he was beaten and scolded, his reaction was not hatred and violence, but resignation. If you are hit hard, you can escape, and if you are hit lightly, you can bear it. Instead of complaining about the injustice of the world, he is more filial to his parents and loves his siblings. Him? I am studious and filial, which is well known all over the world. I am a family man, rich and gentle, fearless and sensitive, but I love the people, close and distant. . Shun was forced to go to Lishan Mountain, where there were many civil disputes. He gets up early and works hard. Under his leadership, the disputes around Lishan were solved and the grain harvest was unprecedented. During this period, he found a jade wall in a place called Hutchison, and he felt the good omen of fate.
Shun's success and efforts are deeply admired by Mrs. Shun and Xiang. Shun's forbearance and humility did not impress his parents and younger brother. On one occasion, they ordered Shun to build a wall in the grain depot, and then set fire to the warehouse, trying to burn Shun to death. On another occasion, they ordered Shun to dig a well and then fill it up with earth and bury Shun alive. Shun has a good sister named Nvguo, who sympathizes with her brother's experience. She tipped him off many times.
When Emperor Yao chose his successor, the four mountains chose Shun, so Yao married his two daughters, He, to observe his housekeeping. E Huang and Nv Ying abide by women's morality, never look down on Shun's aristocratic relatives, be filial to their in-laws and be humble to their brother-in-law. But all this did not impress Shun's parents. So, Shun had to leave his hometown and took his wife to Guishui, which is now the southern district of Zhou Pu Town, Yongji County, Shanxi Province. His descendants took the place name as their surname and called it Gui.
At the age of 50, Shun began to handle world affairs for Emperor Yao, with outstanding achievements. Fifty-eight years old, Emperor Yao died, and Shun kept filial piety for three years. He ascended the throne at the age of 6 1 with the support of ministers. At this time, he was an old man with frosty sideburns.
Shun's opponents are four murderers: Xiang Dou, Gong Gong, Gun, Sanmiao and Yao's son. Shun first got rid of the leaders of the four tribes of Xiangdou, Gonggong, Gungun and Sanmiao, and then drove these four tribes to remote areas in all directions. The struggle with Dani seems more arduous and takes longer. In this struggle, Shun adopted a flexible wrist. This fully shows Shun's political talent.
Three years after Shun Di ascended the throne, Danzhu, as the orthodox representative of the big tribe of Yanhuang, was still very powerful and threatening. Shun made a gesture to show his willingness to give way to Dani. Finally, he had to give up because of the opposition of governors and people around him. He sealed Danzhu in Fangling, making the tribe led by Danzhu a guest country of Yu State. In order to win the hearts of the people, Shun carefully organized his own authority. Members include Yu, Qi, Hou Ji, Boyi, Yi, Flea and Peng Zu. Among them, only, Qi, Yi belong to Dongyi, and the rest belong to Huangdi. It fully shows Shun's broad mind, psychologically downplays the dispute between Dongyi and Yanhuang tribes, and effectively divides opponents. In the struggle between Shun and He, they once gained the upper hand, forcing Shun to retreat. Shun took a series of political measures to get rid of the four murderers first, and then gradually defeated the Danzhu forces, forcing Danzhu to become a subordinate of the Yu tribal alliance. At this time, Shun was eighty-one years old.
Shunjian capital is in Puban, and now it is Dongsanliyu Township, Yongji County, Shanxi Province. There are Shunmiao Temple in Puban City, Shunfu and Feiertan outside the city, Lishan and Guishui nearby, and the place names of Heze in Zhou Pu have been transplanted.
During his reign, he was conscientious, upright, politically clear, and stable and peaceful at home. After the southern tour, he collapsed in the wilderness of Cangwu (south of ningyuan county, Hunan) and was buried at the foot of Jiuyi Mountain. Without children, the female hero had a son, whose name was Shangjun. Because she had no talent for governing the country, Shun appointed Dayu, who had made meritorious contributions to water control, as her successor.
After Dayu succeeded to the throne, Feng Shun's son was still in Yu (now southwest of Yucheng County, Henan Province) and was called Yu's family. Because Shun is his son, his capital is in Puban, so another descendant of Feng Shun settled in Yuxiang (Yongji County, Shanxi Province) near Puban, and the leader was. Sui Yu's descendants were once sealed in Sui Dynasty (now south of Feicheng County, Shandong Province) and destroyed by Qi in the Spring and Autumn Period. Shang Tang destroyed Xia Hou, and another descendant of Feng Yusui was joy chen, where Gu Chenfeng lived, near Wanqiu (now southeast of Huaiyang County, Henan Province).
Due to the failure of Yushun people in the struggle with Yu Xia family, Youyu tribe headed by Shang Jun retreated in all directions. Except for the Shang Dynasty, which was sealed in Yucheng County, Liang State, and this part stayed in the Central Plains, most people of Shun migrated to the south, north and east on a large scale, and many tribes merged with the Xia nationality, becoming the backbone of the Chinese nation.
From Xia Dynasty to Shang Dynasty, with the migration and retreat of Yu Shun's descendants, their traces were gradually buried in historical records.
About 5,000 years ago, the Chen tribe moved eastward with the Huangdi clan to the fertile plain of the Central Plains. Tribes in Chen Feng began to change from nomadic life to agricultural settlement life, and settled in Wanqiu (now Huaiyang County). State-owned in Zhuan Xu? Zhou yushan? ("Shan Hai Jing? Wild south classic), this? Zhou yushan? It's Wan Qiu. Although Wanqiu is famous, it is actually just a small mound with a height of no more than forty or fifty meters. Because it stands on the endless plain, it is particularly eye-catching. After thousands of years of flooding and siltation, the Yellow River and Huaihe River have been buried by sediment for 20 to 30 meters. Today, the remaining Wanqiu is just a small mound slightly above the ground.
At the end of Shang Dynasty, a descendant of Shang Jun, a man named "Shoufu", arrived in Zhou State and became an official of pottery. Because of his superb pottery-making skills, he won the favor of Zhou Wen Wang Jichang. After the establishment of the Zhou Dynasty, the son of Ji Chang () chased the ancestors and adherents, named the son of Ji Chang Chen (now Huaiyang, Henan Province), took the name of Chen State to replace Chen, and betrothed his eldest daughter Tai Ji to him. After Gui Man's death, posthumous title was from Gong Hu, so he was also called Gong Hu. Chen's tomb is near the lake in Huaiyang County, Henan Province. Because the moat flooded into its site, it was blocked by iron, commonly known as the iron tomb.
Chen's capital is Wanqiu, which we are very familiar with now. Although the tribe in Chen Feng was first recorded in ancient books, part of this tribe was integrated into the Huangdi clan, and the other part was sold in historical records.
Chen Feng once said that there is elm in the east gate and elm is white elm, which is still an important tree species in the Yellow River basin and Huaibei area. The water in the car door pool is crystal clear, and the pool is covered with elms. I think the scenery is beautiful. So the geography test poem says:? Shi Mao said: Wanqiu at the East Gate is a gathering place for all countries. Dai Shi said: Chen Shi often mentions the East Gate, which must be a good place for Chen people to travel. Fan Shi said: Choose a high place and be happy. ? Wanqiu East Gate should be a place with elegant scenery in the city and a place for Chen Chenmin to play.
Wanqiu was the old capital of Taigao family in Fuxi, ancient Huang San, so there was a painting platform in the north of the city. ? According to legend, Fuxi got a turtle from Cai Shui and began to draw gossip. ? In the northwest of Li San-cheng, there is a high mausoleum, Fuxi Tomb, which covers an area of about five hectares and is commonly known as the Temple of People. Yarrow grows around the tomb, which is several feet high and has a stone tablet in front. Number? Fuxi tomb? . Of course, there are also some buildings that have been added and repaired through the ages. However, before the Spring and Autumn Period, Taigaoling and Huahuatai existed, and they were places of entertainment for Chen Guojun citizens. If you climb up here and look far, you can see a panoramic view within 20 miles. This is really a refreshing pleasure. In recent years, many pottery pieces, pipe tiles, slab tiles and rammed soil layers of ancient city walls have been unearthed in Wanqiu area.
After the prosperity of Shun Dynasty, the descendants of Yu Shun once declined in Xia Dynasty and slightly improved in Shang Dynasty. Since the eldest daughter was married to a noble and knighted by Chen, her status has begun to stand out. As a blood relative and vassal of the Zhou Dynasty, Chen was favored by the son of King Wen and later Kang Wang and Zhao Wang.
In the early years of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, Chen, Zhou and Han were both great powers in the Central Plains. Wanqiu, the capital of Chen State, is located in Sanli, the east of Huaiyang County, Henan Province, which is surrounded by Caihe River. The whole territory of Chen is located in the eastern plain of Henan. Qingshui River, Cihe River, Heihe River, Mingxi River and Huiji River, tributaries of Huaihe River, are distributed in the east and flow into Huaihe River from northwest to southwest. Shui Ying, another major tributary of the Huaihe River, and some small tributaries of Shui Ying, such as Liuye River, Jia Luhe River and Shahe River, flow into the Huaihe River from west to southeast to northwest. Of course, the names of these rivers are mostly formed because of the vicissitudes of history. However, Shui Ying is an old name since 2000-3000, but its tributary Liusha River was called Pushui in ancient times. When it was sealed, it was only a hundred miles away from Chen, and there were nearly 800 feudal princes in the early Zhou Dynasty. According to the feudal system of the Zhou Dynasty, the four seas were divided into Kyushu and Fiona Fang. Each country has 30 vassals in Fiona Fang, 60 in Fiona Fang and 120 in Fiona Fang. There are 1773 countries in Kyushu, not counting the governors of these governors. At the same time, it stipulates that the Duke and Marquis countries, Fiona Fang thyme; Seventy miles from Fiona Fang, the earl country; The country of viscount and baron, Fiona Fang 50 li; Small countries less than 50 miles have become vassals of neighboring countries. Chen is not only a Hou country, but also a hundred miles away, located in the rich and flat Central Plains, with rich products and developed culture in ancient times. According to legend, it is the capital of Taigao family in Fuxi, which shows its status and importance.
Chen's territory is on the plain. Not only the land is flat and fertile, but also the ditches are vertical and horizontal, which is beneficial to irrigation. In addition, the climate is mild and suitable for crop growth. This is a rich area with rich products. Therefore, with its unique geographical location, Chen has developed rapidly. In the early years of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, Chen, together with Cai and Zheng, became a big country in the Central Plains and played a decisive role. However, because the monarch of Chen was unable to do his best to govern the country, and the courtiers were unable to help the country wholeheartedly, the monarch was above and the ministers were below, and political corruption led to the decline of the country. In 479 BC, King Hui of Chu invaded the north and killed Chen Minggong, the last monarch of the State of Chen. After Chen died, he set up a county in his hometown.
It took 588 years for Guiman to seal Chen to death in Chu, and * * * spread to the 20th and 26th generations of kings. After the national subjugation, the descendants of Chen took the original country name as their surname, so they got the surname of Chen.
Legends about the origin of surnames have been passed down from generation to generation. Two thousand years ago, there was a huge human group in the Yellow River Basin. Due to the backward primitive society, people do not attach importance to surnames.
A man named Fuxi went hunting in Nanshan. He met an old man with white hair, and he was so hungry that he begged him. Can you give me a rabbit that you hit?
Fuxi untied it from her waist without hesitation and handed it to him. Take it! ?
The old man was very moved when he took the prey, so he took out a seed from his waist and said, Young man, take it. When you get home, plant it in the soil, and then a seedling will grow. When it bears a gourd, you pick the biggest one and keep it. When waiting for the yellow water, dig out the gourd pulp and drill into it with your sister to keep yourself alive. ?
Fuxi took the seed and said, thank you, old man! ? But when I saw the old man turn around, he disappeared.
When Fuxi came home, he planted it in the field in front of the cave. Before long, gourd seeds emerged from the soil. The longer it is, the higher it is. Before a rope was finished, it blossomed, and * * * occupied three seats. One of the gourds grew big and round. When it was ripe, Fuxi picked it and stored it.
The following summer, unprecedented flash floods broke out and the Yellow River flooded. Then Fuxi remembered what the old man said. So I took out the gourd, made a hole in it, took out the pulp, and said to Nuwa's sister:? Go inside. ?
Nu Wa was puzzled and asked: Brother, what do you want?
Fu Xi said: Drill when you are told, don't dawdle! The flood is coming, and we can't wait for death. ?
Nu Wa was still puzzled and asked, Can this thing save our lives?
Fu Xi said: I don't know. A man of God told me. He is too kind to lie to us. ?
? Then try it! Maybe to survive. ? When Nu Wa finished, she sat in and found there was a lot of space inside. She shouted:? Brother! It's really comfortable inside. Come on in. ?
Fuxi steel got in, and the flood entered the house and kept rising. But I saw the gourd floating safely on the water. At this time, I heard a lot of voices. Soon there was silence. There was a flood between heaven and earth, and only one gourd left with his younger brother and sister.
After several days and nights, the gourd landed on a hillside. When the two brothers and sisters came out, they couldn't help being surprised! The earth is in chaos. They went down the mountain. Let's go! Let's go I walked away and couldn't see a figure. People seem to have been drowned by the flood.
Nu Wa asked her brother: Isn't the world extinct? What should we do?
They want to save human suffering, but there is no way. When I was in a dilemma, I suddenly heard someone say in the air: Aren't your brother and sister the same race in the world? Nu Wa and Fuxi knowingly commit crimes, but how can they succeed! Fu Xi said: Sister! I have an idea. ?
Nu Wa asked:? What method? Come on. ?
Fu Xi said: We both go our separate ways, and if we go the right way, we are a godsend couple. ?
Nuwa said:? That's it! ?
So they ran separately, but in less than two hours, they met together.
? Let's do it again. Fuxi was unwilling, pointing to a big tree and saying, we can get married if we tear this tree down. ?
Nuwa said:? Then try it! ?
When they came to the tree, they gave it a hard push and the tree fell down. They can't help sighing and marveling, but they are still a little embarrassed. While hesitating, I suddenly found two boards on the hillside. Fu Xi said: Roll a piece of wood down the mountain. If they are together, we will be husband and wife. ?
Nu Wa answered? All right! ? He pushed one piece down the mountain, and Fuxi also pushed another. I saw boards rumbling down the mountain and meeting at the foot of the mountain. Fu sighed:? This is providence! ?
After Fuxi and Nu Wa got married, they gave birth to many children.
One day, Nu Wa called them together and said, Mom will give you a name so that I can call you later. ?
One of them said:? Mom! Give it to me first. ?
Nu Wa thought for a long time and said, You'd better get up by yourself. Go outside and choose something, no matter what its name is, you can take its surname. ?
Hearing this, the children all ran outside. Some came to the plum tree and gave themselves names, some called Li, some called Yang, some called stones, some called horses, some called flowers, some called willows, and some called water?