1. Status of safety appraisal and reinforcement of reservoir dams
There are 2447 irrigation reservoirs in our province, including 8 large reservoirs, 70 medium reservoirs, 450 small reservoirs (1) and 9 small reservoirs 19 19, with a total storage capacity of 5.23 billion cubic meters. These reservoirs have not only brought benefits in flood control, irrigation, water supply and power generation, but also made great contributions to promoting the national economic development, improving people's living standards, ensuring social stability and improving the ecological environment. However, most of these reservoirs were built in 1950s and 1960s, running for many years, lacking normal maintenance and in an aging period. In order to accurately grasp the safety status of water conservancy projects, find and deal with diseases in time, and ensure the safe operation of water conservancy projects, according to the Measures for Safety Appraisal of Reservoir Dams issued by the Ministry of Water Resources, our province started the pilot work of safety appraisal of reservoir dams from 1998. In 200 1 year, after the Ministry of Water Resources issued the Guidelines for Safety Evaluation of Reservoir Dams, the safety appraisal of reservoir dams in our province was carried out in an all-round way. In the process of implementation, combined with the actual situation in Fujian, our province issued the Regulations on Safety Appraisal of Reservoir Dams in Fujian Province and the Detailed Rules for Safety Appraisal of Reservoir Dams in Fujian Province. Establish a dam safety appraisal system and stipulate the competent department of dam safety appraisal. Authorized Fujian Dam Safety Management Center to be responsible for dam safety appraisal in the whole province; Confirm the qualification of experts and qualification units. Up to now, 66 of the 78 large and medium-sized reservoirs in the province have completed dam safety appraisal, accounting for 85% of the total. Longyan City has completely completed the safety appraisal of small (1) reservoir dams. In the process of dam safety appraisal, there are still some problems due to various conditions. For example, there is a serious lack of basic data of reservoirs; The analysis and evaluation of safety appraisal results are not comprehensive and in-depth; Some geological exploration reports cannot provide sufficient basis for safety appraisal; The level of identification is uneven. These problems affect the quality of evaluation results to some extent.
In the aspect of reinforcement of dangerous reservoirs, the general survey and safety appraisal in our province show that 1006 reservoirs, which are mainly managed by the water conservancy system, have serious problems, including 3 large reservoirs, 38 medium reservoirs and 965 small reservoirs, accounting for 37.5%, 55. 1% and 40.7% respectively. In recent years, with the strong support of the Ministry of Water Resources, eight reservoirs (three big and five middle schools) in the province have been included in the first batch of dangerous reservoirs reinforcement projects in China, and 50.3 million yuan of national debt subsidies have been won. Our province's finance also specially invested105.9 million yuan for reservoir reinforcement. By the end of 2005, 967 buildings had been reinforced, accounting for 96. 12% of the planned tasks (including large buildings 1 building, 3 medium-sized buildings and 963 small buildings); After reinforcement, the safety standard of the reservoir has been improved, which has withstood the test of typhoon and rainstorm and effectively ensured the comprehensive benefits of the reservoir. Especially in 2005, "Lee Tae", "Wang Long" and other strong typhoons and rainstorms hit our province head-on, so that none of the reservoirs collapsed, and the reinforcement effect was recognized by all sectors of society.
2. Understanding of dam safety appraisal and reinforcement.
Through the safety appraisal and reinforcement of reservoir dams in recent years, the common problems of reservoir dams in our province are understood, the causes of reservoir diseases are analyzed, the reinforcement scheme is put forward, and the safety evaluation and reinforcement of dams after the implementation of reinforcement measures are further understood, which are summarized as follows:
2. 1 reinforcement is a work that does great things with little money and benefits the country and the people.
Because the dam has potential safety hazards, and it has been running for a long time with diseases, once it breaks, it may cause heavy casualties and huge property losses. Especially in the case of rapid economic and social development in China, no area can be flooded, and no matter from the perspective of maintaining a stable and orderly economic development environment, or from the perspective of performing government duties and ensuring the safety of people's lives and property. Now people can't imagine the consequences of the "75.8" Banqiao Reservoir dam-break accident in Henan. Therefore, from the perspective of safe development, investing limited manpower, material resources and financial resources in the early stage and carrying out necessary evaluation, reinforcement and safe repair of the reservoir at a small cost can not only eliminate the hidden dangers existing in the dangerous reservoir, but also avoid serious disaster losses.
2.2 Dangerous building reinforcement is a long-term and arduous task.
In recent years, with the attention of the central government and governments at all levels, our province has basically completed the "Thousand Stores Protection Project" and achieved phased results in danger removal and reinforcement. However, due to limited investment, many reservoirs lack necessary maintenance and repair due to lack of funds. Moreover, with the passage of time, the project will inevitably age. If the reservoir is not properly maintained and improved, new problems will appear, so that new dangerous reservoirs will appear constantly. Therefore, the safety of the reservoir dam is a dynamic problem, and the early reinforcement does not mean that you can sit back and relax. Statistics of materials reported by various places: At present, there are still 486 reservoirs in the province with different degrees of problems. Therefore, it is a long-term and arduous task to strengthen the construction of the dangerous library in our province, and it is very necessary to adhere to this work.
2.3 Safety management of small reservoirs needs to be strengthened.
There are 2369 small reservoirs in our province, accounting for 97% of the reservoirs in the province. The large number of such reservoirs, poor safety management conditions and low management level are the weak links in the safety management of reservoir dams in our province. From the work of safety appraisal and reinforcement, we know that there are "management funds are not implemented, management institutions are not perfect, and the quality of managers is low" in the safety management of small reservoirs. To change this situation, we must reform the management system of small reservoirs, implement staffing and financial subsidies, improve management measures, improve rules and regulations, and establish a benign operation mechanism. In addition, the current supporting laws, regulations, policies and documents for dam safety management in China are mainly formulated for large and medium-sized reservoirs, and small reservoirs generally only refer to their implementation, which often leads to the unclear understanding of the executors on whether they can implement them, and it is difficult to implement them in the safety management of small reservoirs. Therefore, according to the reality of our province, we must fully consider the characteristics of small reservoirs, strengthen the safety management of small reservoirs, and formulate practical management measures.
2.4 demotion and scrapping is another way out for dangerous warehouses.
As we all know, any building has a certain service life, especially the reservoir project, which is influenced by the natural environment, external conditions and its own factors, and the safety gradually decreases with the extension of time. On May 26th, 2003, the Ministry of Water Resources issued "Management Measures for Downgrading and Scrapping of Reservoirs (Trial)", which stipulated that reservoirs with serious diseases and shrinking functions that were technically infeasible and economically unreasonable could be downgraded and scrapped, providing a new way for small-scale dangerous reservoirs. At the same time, reservoir degradation or abandonment does not mean abandonment. It is also necessary to demonstrate and take necessary engineering measures to deal with the aftermath, so as to ensure that the degradation and abandonment of the reservoir will not cause new safety problems in the event of flood or earthquake.
2.5 Investment is an important factor to ensure the sustained and safe operation of the reservoir.
At present, the management and construction of most reservoir projects are relatively weak, especially small reservoirs. It is common to emphasize construction and neglect management. Many reservoir projects are far from perfect in flood control roads, communication and lighting facilities, engineering hydrological observation and early warning and forecasting systems, and their management means and technical level are backward. For example, the observation equipment of some reservoirs has been aging and backward after years of use, and it is impossible to monitor the water level and settlement of dams normally; Some reservoirs have no observation equipment at all, so it is impossible to maintain and monitor the dam safely, and the dangerous situation of the reservoir can not be grasped and handled in time, which eventually forms a major hidden danger. Therefore, it is very important to invest and make a reasonable evaluation on the maintenance cost, the construction cost of monitoring and early warning system and the disease control cost.
2.6 The application of scientific and technological achievements is a powerful support for reservoir reinforcement.
In recent years, our province has greatly improved the scientific and technological content of dangerous reservoirs, and widely adopted new technologies, new methods, new materials and new processes to adapt to social development and improve engineering benefits. For example, in Hu Ya Reservoir, the ultra-thin vibrating concrete slab wall construction technology was introduced for the first time in our province, and new technologies such as split grouting and high-pressure jet grouting were adopted to comprehensively treat the dam. Therefore, the ministries and agencies held a site meeting in Zhaoan to promote the new technology introduced by Zhaoan to the whole province; ZDT-I intelligent dam hidden danger detector was introduced into Xin 'an Reservoir, and the scope of dam seepage control treatment was put forward accurately, and the treatment measures were implemented in a targeted manner. The effect is good, the investment is saved by 643,600 yuan, and the achievement has won the departmental scientific and technological progress award. In the reinforcement project of earth-rock dam, the new anti-seepage technology of rigid-flexible combination was popularized, that is, the new anti-seepage technology of combining single-pipe high-pressure rotary jet anti-seepage wall (or water jet anti-seepage wall) with geomembrane anti-seepage was adopted, which won the Fujian Science and Technology Progress Award. In addition, Changting Lianhua Reservoir also introduced the plugging technology of urban tap water pipeline for seepage control of pressure pipeline and so on. In recent years, the application and popularization of advanced technology has played a great role in reservoir engineering reinforcement. In the aspect of automation, the automatic forecasting system of large and medium-sized reservoirs in the province is established to grasp the rain information in real time and provide decision-making basis for reservoir dispatching. In a word, the scientific and technological content of water conservancy management industry has been obviously improved during the tenth five-year plan period. In the future, with the development of science and technology, water conservancy management should further increase the scientific and technological content, gradually establish reservoir automatic monitoring, evaluation and management systems and water conservancy project management systems, improve management methods, increase the scientific and technological content, improve service levels, promote technological innovation and management innovation, and keep up with the pace of scientific and technological development.
3. Some suggestions
3. 1 Further strengthen the reservoir.
In recent years, nearly a thousand reservoirs in our province have been reinforced and achieved initial results. All localities should, on the basis of fully consolidating the reservoir reinforcement work that has been carried out, gradually expand the coverage of reservoir reinforcement in accordance with the planning and unified deployment of provincial offices. According to statistics, at present, there are still 486 reservoirs and dams in the province with problems such as water leakage, collapse, scouring and failure of opening and closing equipment. Recently, combined with the 11th Five-Year Plan, the provincial government put forward a new round of reservoir reinforcement planning, and it is planned to complete the task of 486 reservoirs reinforcement in two years. All localities should attach great importance to this, actively cooperate with it, make overall plans, comprehensively and accurately find out all kinds of problems existing in reservoirs according to the safety appraisal methods, determine the safety categories of reservoirs realistically, scientifically formulate reinforcement measures, implement reinforcement projects as soon as possible, and strive to reduce the risk rate of reservoirs in the province.
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