Population density: 1 1 person /km2.
Key guinan county is located in the east of Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province. The total area is 6593 square kilometers. The total population is 70,000 (2004). Mainly Tibetans. County People's Government is located in Manqu Town, which is 0/57km away from the state capital/kloc-. Postal code: 8 13 100. Code: 632525. Area code: 0974. Pinyin: guinan county. Guinan county has jurisdiction over 2 towns and 4 townships: Mangqu Town, Guomaying Town, Senduo Township, Mangla Township, Taxiu Township and Shagou Township.
Located in the Yellow River Valley, Mangla Valley, beaches and mountains, the terrain is inclined from east to northwest. There are mountains in the south, beaches in the middle and the Yellow River Basin in the northwest. The Yellow River flows through the northwest from southwest to northeast, and there are also rivers such as Mangya and Shagou River. It belongs to plateau continental climate, with an average annual temperature of 2. 1℃ and an average annual precipitation of 398 mm.
Agriculture and animal husbandry
Animal husbandry is the basic industry in Guinan. There are vast pastures, abundant aquatic plants and suitable climate, and there are unique natural conditions for developing animal husbandry. The grassland area of the county is 5,938,200 mu, mainly producing Tibetan sheep, yaks and goats. Abundant animal products resources provide broad prospects for the development of animal products processing industry. The meat products produced are famous for their low fat, high protein, rich nutrition, no pollution and high content of natural Chinese herbal medicines. The pipi board of Guinan characteristic black Tibetan mutton is tough, light and soft, with black and shiny fur, beautiful curl and good warmth retention. It is the only famous black fur sheep breed in our province.
The county has built high-standard pens 1.679, covering an area of 1.86 million square meters, and four supporting facilities have been realized for grassland construction. Fenced grassland is 3.426 million mu, artificial grassland is 390,400 mu, and herdsmen 100% of the county settle down. At the same time, the prevention and control of animal diseases and the elimination of rodents and pests in grasslands have been carried out unremittingly, and many diseases such as rinderpest, sheep pox and brucellosis have been eliminated.
The county's existing cultivated land area is 3 1.36 million mu, which is mainly distributed in the alluvial zone of the tributaries of the Yellow River, with fertile soil and convenient irrigation. Rape, wheat and highland barley are mainly planted. In summer and autumn, wheat waves roll, Jin Lang surges, rape blossoms are fragrant, bees fly and butterflies fly, which is a scene of bumper harvest. Guinan is one of the main rapeseed producing areas in Qinghai Province, with an annual output of 26 million Jin. Rapeseed honey here is famous for its high yield and excellent quality. Every year, about1.8500 kg of honey, about 1.700 kg of pollen and about 1.600 kg of royal jelly can be processed.
Water conservancy development
Guinan county is rich in hydropower resources, and the Yellow River runs through the northern part of the county, forming many deep valleys. Yangqu Gorge, a famous gorge on the Yellow River, is an ideal place to build medium-sized hydropower stations with large drop, narrow span and abundant water. In addition, there are five rivers, such as Mangra River, which are fast-flowing, rich in water energy and have great development potential. Mangra Canyon Hydropower Station is under construction. The theoretical reserve of hydropower in the county is 54,990 kilowatts, and the exploitable hydropower resources are10.04 million kilowatts. Now, 2800 kilowatts have been developed.
economic development
In 2005, the county's gross national product is expected to reach 326.77 million yuan, maintaining double-digit growth for two consecutive years; The basic position of agriculture and animal husbandry has been further strengthened, the structural adjustment of agriculture and animal husbandry has achieved initial results, and the structure of planting and aquaculture has been further optimized. Three characteristic industries, namely, grass industry, facility animal husbandry and cultivation of Chinese and Tibetan medicinal materials, have been initially formed. Among them, the development of grass industry is the most prominent, with a total of 330 thousand mu of artificial grassland built and more than 580 thousand mu of annual grass planted every year. The production mode of animal husbandry began to change from the original extensive quantitative type to the scientific and efficient ecological type. The management mode of keeping animals in captivity and fattening them for slaughter has been fully promoted, and the production and operation of modern animal husbandry have formed a scale.
Guinan county insists on putting water conservancy in the first place to develop water conservancy economy and solve the production and domestic water consumption in agricultural and pastoral areas, and rationally develops water resources, basically forming a water conservancy system with complete categories such as flood control, irrigation, soil and water conservation, water supply and power generation, and drinking water for people and livestock. Clear tap water can be seen everywhere in grassland and rural families, and the coverage rate of drinking water pipe network for people and livestock reaches 7 1%. It has played an important role in accelerating the pace of building a well-off society in an all-round way, improving the efficiency of agriculture and animal husbandry and increasing the income of farmers and herdsmen.
With the deepening of reform and opening-up, industrial enterprises in Guinan actively carried out the reform of modern enterprise system and implemented cross-regional and cross-industry horizontal alliances, which achieved good economic benefits. A number of industrial enterprises with a certain scale and local characteristics have been developing continuously, and the industrial base has been consolidated and developed. The main products are Tibetan carpets and grass products. Guinan county vigorously supports, introduces and establishes leading enterprises and private enterprises, and develops and produces five series of grass products: perennial gramineous grass green hay bales, annual oat green hay bales, leguminous grass green hay bales and grass granules, leguminous high-density green hay bales and Bromus inermis silage pastures. Grass products are in short supply, and the economic benefits are obvious. Signed long-term supply and marketing agreements with customers in other provinces and cities, making grass industry a pillar industry and farmers and herdsmen in Guinan. The vigorous rise of grass industry has changed the production mode of animal husbandry, and basically formed an industrial chain of planting grass, fattening, trafficking and increasing income.
Non-public economy and private economy are booming, the market is prosperous and the economy is active. Articles with local characteristics make people see things in a blur and enhance the vitality of the market. The living standards of urban and rural people have been continuously improved, and the consumption concept and level have undergone profound changes. Computers and private cars have become the new favorites of ordinary families. The per capita housing area of towns in the county is 13.9 square meters, and all herdsmen have settled down. The social security system has been continuously improved, and the realization of the "minimum living guarantee" in cities and towns should be guaranteed.
Traffic communication
With the rapid development of transportation, the main roads of state, county and township roads have been blackened. The mileage of county-level highways has reached 956 kilometers, realizing the classification of county-level highways. The provincial highway Xijiu and the third-class highway Tongxian (crossing Maying) run through the county. The transportation network with provincial highways as the backbone and local highways as the context criss-crosses and extends in all directions. The village sand road and village road hardening project have been implemented in rural areas, and the traffic difficulties in agricultural and pastoral areas have been fundamentally solved.
The post and telecommunications industry has developed rapidly, and the national postal routes are smooth, and all towns and villages have successively opened program-controlled telephones. Mobile communication covers six townships in the county, and people in agricultural and pastoral areas can talk to relatives and friends all over the country at home.
Social undertakings
Guinan county is one of the key counties to prevent and control desertification in China. The management idea of establishing county by ecology, revitalizing county by ecology and strengthening county by county has brought the county's ecological management into a brand-new stage. The investment in key ecological management projects such as returning farmland to forests and grasslands, natural forest protection, closing hillsides to facilitate afforestation, small watershed management and desertification control exceeded1.70 billion yuan. Every year, the military and civilian activities to build 10,000 mu of forest are carried out with a large number of people, with great momentum and remarkable results. Huangshatou area, which used to be full of yellow sand, is now in full of green. After years of planting grass and trees, three green corridors, namely, rocky gully, sand gully and Manglagou, have been formed.
Ethnic education has developed healthily, basic education has been comprehensively strengthened, the conditions for running schools in urban and rural areas have been significantly improved, and modern teaching equipment has entered rural schools. There are 69 schools of all levels and types in the county, with the enrollment rate of school-age children reaching 99.4% and the consolidation rate increasing to 99.6%. By the Ministry of Education as "sixth grade" advanced county and national advanced literacy area. Cultural undertakings flourish, make full use of and develop folk cultural resources, create a cultural industry market, and conduct extensive cultural exchanges. Colorful mass cultural and sports activities have been vigorously carried out, and two characteristic cultural towns and eight well-off cultural villages have been created. Guinan county conscientiously implemented the strategy of rejuvenating the county through science and technology, increased the popularization of practical technology for farmers and herdsmen, and achieved good economic benefits; The county's medical and health undertakings have developed steadily. We have improved the three-level medical prevention and health care network with the county as the center, the township as the hub and the village as the foundation, and gradually established a new cooperative medical system in agricultural and pastoral areas, which effectively solved the problem of people's difficulty in seeing a doctor, built a barrier for farmers and herdsmen's medical care, and created a new situation in the development of medical and health undertakings in rural and pastoral areas. Guinan county also highlights the role of Tibetan medicine in health work in agricultural and pastoral areas, speeds up the construction of a three-level network of Tibetan medicine, expands the field of Tibetan medicine services, and forms a development pattern integrating Tibetan medicine diagnosis and treatment, Tibetan medicine teaching, Tibetan medicine bathing and Tibetan medicine processing; Family planning work adheres to the principle of "three mainstays" and "three combinations", vigorously popularizes family planning knowledge, gives full play to the role of the three-level service network at county, township and village, improves the enthusiasm and initiative of the masses to implement family planning, and controls the population growth rate within 22‰; Radio and television have developed rapidly. Radio and television "every village" project transmits the voice of the party and the government to every farmer in the depths of the grassland, and conveys all kinds of information about getting rich. Farmers and herdsmen also pay attention to the changes in the outside world and understand the development of the motherland through radio and television. The county's radio coverage rate reached 100%, and the TV population coverage rate reached 98%.
The county government is surrounded by mountains and waters, surrounded by green trees, and the surrounding rape blossoms are fragrant. With the rapid development of urban construction, clean and beautiful street layout, and numerous buildings, restaurants and hotels, it is the political, economic and cultural center of the county. The newly-built office buildings of the county party committee and government, the National People's Congress and the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, and the court procuratorate have sprung up, majestic and solemn. Courtyard buildings are spacious and generous, with lush green grass and elegant and quiet office space, which enjoys a high reputation in Quanzhou and even the whole province.
Guinan county has continuously strengthened Party building, fully implemented the "Theory of Three Represents" and conscientiously implemented the "popular project". The party's work style has been strengthened, the activities of "dynamic quantitative management of stars" and "three-level joint creation" have been solid and effective, and the cohesiveness and combat effectiveness of grassroots organizations have been significantly enhanced. The reform of the cadre personnel system was accelerated, the cadre structure was further optimized, and the overall quality was further improved. A large number of cadres with outstanding achievements and both ability and political integrity, especially ethnic minority cadres, young cadres and women cadres, stood out and thrived and took up leadership positions at all levels.
While material civilization has made remarkable achievements, the construction of spiritual civilization in urban and rural areas is also colorful. With the acceleration of cultural construction in rural pastoral areas, all kinds of propaganda and cultural centers, propaganda and cultural compounds and propaganda and cultural stations have become the main positions to carry out spiritual civilization construction in agricultural and pastoral areas, striving for civilized units, advanced collectives, five good families and "civilized campuses" and "ten-star" civilized farmers and herdsmen have become a common practice.
During the fourth five-year plan period, the work of popularizing law was further promoted, and the efforts to govern counties by virtue and according to law were intensified. The comprehensive management of social security achieved remarkable results, the party's ethnic and religious policies were fully implemented, and the construction of democracy and legal system was comprehensively strengthened. The activity of establishing a model county of national unity and progress is vigorously carried out in Guinan. All ethnic groups help each other, unite and live in harmony, jointly build this vibrant land, and paint the future and hope of this golden land with hard sweat.
Travel and tourism
Guinan county has a vast territory, magnificent mountains and rivers, splendid culture, rich treasures and simple folk customs. Nature endows Guinan School with magnificent, magical and unique plateau scenery. The vast and stony mountain passes through it, winding like a white hada; The primeval forests in Jubu and Moqu are dense and continuous, with towering cliffs and lush pines and cypresses, full of green. The famous Zhihai Snow Mountain is snowy and silver. The "Yincuo Holy Lake" on the top of the snow-capped mountain has a long clear pool, blue sky and clear water, beautiful scenery and spectacular cliffs around it. It is a resort for tourism, leisure and outdoor adventure, and there are many beautiful and moving legends circulating among the local people. Guinan county has a long history of Buddhist culture. There are 18 monasteries in the county, including Taxiu Temple, Luzang Temple, Jinwabi eaves, Chenzhong Mugu and other famous Tibetan Buddhist resorts in Amdo. Every year, the temple holds ceremonies such as chanting and sunbathing Buddha, and religious believers gather here from all directions to participate in various Buddhist activities. The scene is very grand and spectacular, full of mysterious Buddhist colors; Qijia culture and Kaga cultural relics in Layihai have national influence.
There are many kinds of wild plants and rich medicinal resources in guinan county. There are mainly Cordyceps sinensis, Saussurea involucrata, Fritillaria, Ephedra, Gentiana macrophylla, Rhododendron, Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, Notopterygii Rhizoma, Radix Astragali and other medicinal plants with high economic value. Grass in winter, spring and summer has always been regarded as a nourishing product and enjoys a high reputation in the international market. Native products such as ferns and mushrooms are also important economic resources. Wild animals include red deer and musk deer, which produce valuable medicinal materials; There are black bears, grass leopards, snow leopards, lynxes, foxes, stone sheep, argali, antelopes, wolves, marmots and so on. Produce valuable fur; There are precious bird carvings, grassland larks, larks, snow chickens, pheasants, pheasants and stone chickens. A considerable part of these wild animal and plant resources are allowed to be developed and utilized by the state and need to be developed and utilized scientifically.
The development of history
It belonged to Qiang in ancient times, Tuguhun in Jin, Jiaohe County in Sui and Tang Dynasties, Kuozhou in the Five Dynasties to the Song Dynasty, Guideyuan in Yuan and Ming Dynasties, and Guidetang in Qing Dynasty. From the second year of the Republic of China (19 13) to the thirty-third year (1949), it belonged to Guide County, Tongde County, * * County and Nanping Administrative Office. 1953, guinan county was separated from Guide County and transferred to Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Region (prefecture).
In 2000, guinan county administered six townships, and the county seat was located in Mangla Qiongtuo (under the jurisdiction of Laihai Township). According to the data of the fifth census, the total population of the county is 63,579, of which the population of each township (people) is 76 13 Senduo Township1kloc-0/776 Mangla Township, 6778 Taxiu Township, 8232 Guomaying Township1kloc-0/305 Shagou Township.
200 1 1 9 Qinghai Provincial People's Government's Reply No.6: Layihai Township in guinan county was revoked, and it was established and named as Mangqu Town; Cancel Maying Township and establish Maying Town.
By the end of 200 1, the county had jurisdiction over 2 towns and 4 townships 1 neighborhood committees and 73 village (animal husbandry) committees.
Mangqu Town is located in Wubao Bay, with jurisdiction over 1 neighborhood committee: Chengguan, 10 village committee: Laso, Salad, Toler, Dayu, Katu Lake, Hezhou, Carpenter, Tawa, Shangjiangdang and Nalan.
Guomaying Town is located in Guo Man, with jurisdiction over 1 1 Village (Pastoral) Committees: Guo Man, Chezha, Shajia, Ma Shigan, Luojia, Role, Zhihai, Dala, Dora, Cha Naihai and Good Day Matthew.
Mangla Township is located in Quedantang and governs 13 village committees: Ketu, Tulu, Guola, Lagan, Magetang, Kangyangyang, Xiajiangdang, Dulan, Quedantang, Shangluowa, Xialuowa, Guoyu Tribe Tiger and He Ran.
Taxiu Township, located in Qubuzangka, has jurisdiction over 8 village (animal husbandry) committees: Taxiu, Gongwa, Ziha, Gasi, Daryun, Sig, Damang and Zhari.
Senduo Township is located in Quguo Qiongwa, and governs 16 village (animal husbandry) committees: Yuan Yi, Rimang, Gongwa, Jiashang, Sirou, Long Ben, Doulong, Nimalong, Jiadang, Saiyang, Kajia, Sike Sheep, Luxiuma, Tawa, Tashgai and Wan Xiu.
Shagou Township is located in Guonutuo, which governs 15 village committees: Guonutuo, Shinaihai, Dongrang, Luohe Township, Demang, Saishitang, Wangshikou, Chana, Shiya, Gaba, Juhula, Dongwuyang, Lazha, Guo Le and Guantang.
Brief introduction of villages and towns
Mangqu Town Mangqu Town is located in the south of the county seat and is the resident of the county government. The population is 7,000 people, mainly Han nationality, and there are also ethnic minorities such as Hui, Tibetan and Tu nationality, with Hui accounting for 26% of the total population and Tibetan accounting for 22%. Area 120 km2. There are 6 village committees under its jurisdiction: Hezhou, Carpenter, Katuhu, Dayu, Shala, Tole, Anceaux, Tawa, Shangjiangdang and Nalan 10. 1949 was the first district of Tongde County, 1958 was transferred from Tongde County to guinan county, 1959 merged with Shagou Township to form Shagou Commune, 19 1 year was changed to Layigou Township, and in the same year it was changed to Layigou Commune,1year. 200 1, changed to Manqu Town, under the jurisdiction of 1 neighborhood committee and1village committee.
Guomaying Town Ma Guoying Town is located in the east of the county seat, 78 kilometers away from the county seat. Population 1. 1 10,000, mainly Tibetans, accounting for 94% of the total population. It covers an area of 2000 square kilometers. Jurisdiction over mangshi, Sharjah, Ma Shigan, Chezha, Dala, Dora, Good Day Matthew, Role, Huojia, Chanaihai, Zhihai 1 1 village (animal husbandry) committees. 1954 belongs to Xiashiduo District, 1958 cancelled the construction of Xiashiduo Township, 1959 merged with Hezhi Township to form Maying Commune, 1963 changed to Guo Ying Township, 1969 changed to Guo Ying Commune, 1984. 200 1 changed to guomaying.
Mangla Township Mangla Township is located in the west of the county seat, which is 15km away from the county seat. The population is 7,000, mainly Tibetans, accounting for 94% of the total population. Area 132 km2. Jurisdiction over Tang Dan, Shangluowa, Xialuowa, Zhou Ke, Dulan, Wei Ran, Guola, Tulu, Kangwuyang, Xiajiangdang, Guoyu Tribal Tiger, Maketang and Layu 13. 1953, Laqu Hui Autonomous Region was established; 1956, changed to Laqu Hui Township; 1959, changed to Mangla Commune; 1963, changed to Laqu Township; 1965, two communes, Jiangdang and Luowa, merged into Mangla Commune; And in 1985.
Senduo Township Senduo Township is located in the south of the county seat, which is 16 kilometers away from the county seat. The population is 9,000, mainly Tibetans, accounting for 99% of the total population. It covers an area of 3000 square kilometers. Jurisdiction over Zhashige, Rimang, Kadang, Saiyong, Qingkeyang, Gongwa, Mingmalong, Yuan Yi, Luxiuma, Sirou, Kaga, Wan Xiu, Jiashang, Long Ben, Doulong and Tawa 16 village (animal husbandry) committees. Senduo district 1955, Senduo township 1958, Senduo commune 1959, Senduo commune 1963, Senduo commune 1969, Senduo township1.
Shagou Township Shagou Township is located in the north of the county seat, 9 1 km away from the county seat. The population is 7,000, mainly Tibetans, accounting for 82% of the total population. It covers an area of 424 square kilometers. It has jurisdiction over 15 village committees such as Guonutuo, Dongwuyang, Shinaihai, Shiya, Luohe Township, Lazha, Guo Le, Juhula, Demang, Dongrang, Guantang, Chana, Hekeng, Walanggaba and Saitang. Shagou Township was established in 1958, Shagou Commune in 1959, Shagou Township in 1965, Shagou Commune in 1969 and Shagou Township in 1984.
Ta Xiu Xiang Ta Xiu Township is located in the southwest of the county seat, 26 kilometers away from the county seat. The population is 6,000, mainly Tibetans, accounting for 99% of the total population. It covers an area of 2000 square kilometers. It has jurisdiction over 8 village (animal husbandry) committees in Tashiu, Gasi, Daryun, Xige, Zharigan, Damon, Ziha and Gongwa. 1954 belongs to Taxiu District. 1958 set up taxiu township, later changed to taxiu commune, 1963 changed to taxiu township, 1969 changed to taxiu commune, and 1984 changed to taxiu township.
From June 5438 to October 2020, guinan county was selected as the first batch of national digital village pilot areas.
On 20 1910.3, 19, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs recognized guinan county as the third batch of demonstration counties (cities, districts) that took the lead in basically realizing the whole mechanization of main crop production.
On February 20th, 2065438+0616, the State Ethnic Affairs Commission named guinan county as the fourth batch of national demonstration units for national unity and progress.
July 20 16, guinan county won the title of National Model City (County) with Double Support.