According to the hierarchical classification of enterprise management decisions
The business strategy of a large enterprise is a huge and complex system, which can be decomposed into subsystems at different levels. Generally speaking, for large enterprises, business strategy includes three levels: the first level is the company-level strategy; The second level is the strategy of professional minister; The third level is functional strategy. The company should consider by going up one flight of stairs when formulating the overall strategy; The next level of strategy should obey and reflect the strategic intention of the previous level.
Classification by business situation
According to the future development trend of environment and environment, determine the general action direction of enterprises. It has three basic types:
1. Stability strategy. This strategy emphasizes investing a small or moderate amount of resources, maintaining the existing production and marketing scale and market share, and stabilizing and consolidating the existing competitive position. This strategy has been quite good for the benefit, but there is no further development opportunity for the time being, and other enterprises have entered the enterprises with large barriers. According to different situations, it can be divided into: (1) constant strategy, that is, operating according to the original direction and mode without major adjustment; (2) Profit strategy, that is, on the basis of the obtained market advantage, trying to obtain more profits in the short term; (3) Suspension strategy, that is, in order to consolidate the existing advantages, temporarily slow down the development speed.
2. Development strategy. This strategy is suitable for enterprises to have the opportunity to develop and strengthen themselves. Its characteristics are: investing a lot of resources, expanding the scale of production and sales, improving the competitive position, increasing the market share of existing products or opening up new markets with new products. This is an unpleasant situation. Specifically, it includes: (1) vertical integration strategy, that is, on the basis of the original business field, develop forward or backward respectively; (2) horizontal integration strategy, that is, horizontal expansion and development in business areas with similar technical and economic attributes; (3) Diversification strategy. That is, expanding into a completely different business field.
3. Austerity strategy. Also known as "retreat strategy", this strategy is suitable for situations where the external environment and internal conditions are very unfavorable, and enterprises can only avoid greater losses by taking retreat measures. Specifically, it includes: (1) reduction strategy, that is, gradually reducing production or recovering funds, but not completely giving up waiting time; (2) Give up the strategy, that is, transfer the business areas such as irreparable products and recover the funds for other purposes; (3) liquidation strategy, that is, the enterprise is unable to turn losses into profits, liquidation when it is on the verge of bankruptcy, and overall transfer.
Classification by enterprise size
1. SME management strategy. With the full development of the market, the transaction cost of the market is constantly decreasing, and small and medium-sized enterprises are highly specialized and convenient to manage, which plays an important role in the development of the national economy. The business strategy suitable for small and medium-sized enterprises is: small but specialized, small but refined. That is, by subdividing the market, choose a strategy that can give full play to the professional advantages of the enterprise for production and operation; Drilling gap strategy. That is, through investigation, we can find the vacancy of market supply and enter the gap market with the help of the fast and flexible advantages of small and medium-sized enterprises; Management characteristic strategy. Because small and medium-sized enterprises are easy to get close to customers, they can attract consumers by making their products or services have distinctive characteristics, thus achieving success. Contract and joint venture strategy. That is to say, small and medium-sized enterprises are closely attached to a large enterprise or enterprise group, take its long-term orders and become one of its processing contractors or joint ventures.
2. The business strategy of large enterprises. Large enterprises generally have the requirement of economic scale, that is, the production or processing process must reach a certain scale to show its economic benefits. When formulating enterprise strategy, we should consider its shortcomings such as large scale, multi-level management, slow information transmission and relatively slow response to changes in market environment, give full play to its advantages such as economies of scale and avoid its shortcomings.