The so-called information-based financial institutions refer to banks, securities, insurance and other financial institutions, which adopt information technology to transform or reconstruct traditional business processes and realize comprehensive electronic management. Financial informatization is one of the development trends of the financial industry, and information-based financial institutions are the product of financial innovation. From the perspective of the whole financial industry, the informatization construction of banks has always been at the leading level in the industry. It not only has the international leading financial information technology platform, but also builds a three-dimensional service system of electronic banking composed of self-service banking, telephone banking, mobile banking and online banking, and is led by the data centralization project, which is a big information project.
At present, some banks are building their own e-commerce platforms. From the bank's point of view, the core value of e-commerce is to increase user stickiness, accumulate authentic user data, and let banks rely on their own data to tap users' needs. Financial service platforms such as "Good Financial Quotient" launched by CCB and "Expo Fair" launched by Bank of Communications are powerful manifestations of bank informatization. ICBC's e-commerce platform is also expected to be launched around New Year's Day of 20 14. As a bank without Internet genes, what is the purpose of promoting e-commerce platform?
In terms of business model, traditional bank loans are streamlined and fixed, and banks are more inclined to provide services for large institutions from the perspective of cost saving and risk control. Information technology can alleviate or even solve the problem of information asymmetry, build a platform for direct cooperation between banks and SMEs, and enhance the function of financial institutions to serve the real economy. But more importantly, by building an e-commerce platform, banks actively open up the data islands of various departments within the bank and form a trinity Internet platform of "online banking+financial supermarket+e-commerce" to cope with the wave and challenge of Internet finance.
Information-based financial institutions can be understood from another very intuitive point of view, that is, through the informationization of financial institutions, we can buy insurance without going to the bank for remittance, going to the business hall for stock trading, making phone calls or surfing the Internet. Although this is the life that everyone has become accustomed to now, these are the conveniences brought by the information transformation of financial institutions based on the development of Internet technology. In the future, in the era of Internet finance, traditional financial institutions will focus on how to make full use of information technologies such as the Internet faster and better, and rely on their own advantages such as strong financial strength, high brand trust, dedicated talents and perfect risk control system to deal with the impact brought by non-traditional financial institutions, especially in thinking and speed.
2. Third-party payment
According to the definition of non-financial institutions' payment services given by the central bank in 20 10 Measures for the Administration of Payment Services of Non-financial Institutions, broadly speaking, third-party payment refers to online payment, prepaid card, bank card receipt and other payment services provided by non-financial institutions as payment intermediaries of both parties. The third payment is not limited to the initial Internet payment, but has become a comprehensive payment tool with comprehensive online and offline coverage and richer application scenarios.
From the perspective of development path and user accumulation path, the current operating modes of third-party payment companies in the market can be divided into two categories:
One is the independent third-party payment mode, that is, the third-party payment platform is completely independent of the e-commerce website, does not undertake the guarantee function, and only provides users with payment products and payment system solutions, with Kuaiqian, yeepay, Remittance World and Lacarra as typical representatives.
The other is the third-party payment mode, headed by Alipay and Tenpay, which relies on its own B2C and C2C e-commerce websites to provide guarantee functions. The payment is temporarily hosted by the platform, and the platform informs the seller that the payment is received and delivered; In this payment mode, after purchasing goods on the e-commerce website, the buyer uses the account provided by the third-party platform to pay for the goods. After the buyer confirms the inspection, he can inform the platform to pay the seller. At this time, the third-party payment platform will transfer money to the seller's account.
3. Big data finance
Big data finance refers to a collection of massive unstructured data. Real-time analysis can provide internet financial institutions with all-round customer information. By analyzing and mining customer's transaction and consumption information, we can master customers' consumption habits and accurately predict customers' behaviors, so that financial institutions and financial service platforms can be targeted in marketing and risk control.
The financial service platform based on big data mainly refers to the financial services carried out by e-commerce companies with massive data. The key to big data is the ability to quickly obtain useful information from a large amount of data, or the ability to quickly realize cash from big data assets. Therefore, the information processing of big data is often based on cloud computing. At present, the operation mode of big data service platform can be divided into the platform mode represented by Ali Microfinance and the supply chain finance mode represented by JD.COM and Suning.
Ali Small Loan develops financial services in the way of "closed process+big data", verifies the credit status of lenders through electronic systems, and issues unsecured credit loans and accounts receivable mortgage loans with a single amount of less than 50,000 yuan, which is a very good supplement to the bank's credit. JD.COM Mall and Suning's supply chain finance model is based on e-commerce as the core enterprise, secured by future cash flow, obtaining bank credit and providing loans to suppliers.
The big data financial model is widely used in e-commerce platforms, providing loan financing for platform users and suppliers, and obtaining loan interest and corporate benefits brought by a smooth supply chain. With the improvement of big data finance, enterprises will pay more attention to users' personal experience and design personalized financial products. In the future, the competition among big data financial enterprises will exist in data collection scope, data authenticity identification, data analysis and personalized service.
4. Crowdfunding
Crowdfunding, that is, public fund-raising or public fund-raising, refers to the mode of raising project funds from netizens in the form of group purchase+pre-purchase. The original intention of crowdfunding is to use the characteristics of the Internet and SNS to let start-ups, artists or individuals show their ideas and projects to the public, win everyone's attention and support, and then get the needed financial assistance.
The operation mode of crowdfunding platform is similar-individuals or teams who need funds hand over the project planning to crowdfunding platform, and after relevant review, they can set up their own pages on the platform's website to introduce the project to the public. There are three rules for crowdfunding: first, each project must set a fundraising goal and fundraising days; Second, if the target amount is reached within the set number of days, it will be successful and the sponsors can get funds; If the project fails to raise funds, all the funds obtained will be returned to the supporters; Third, crowdfunding is not a donation, and all supporters must have corresponding returns. The crowdfunding platform will extract a certain percentage of service fees from successful fundraising projects.
Some people predict that the crowdfunding model will become another channel for corporate financing. At present, the domestic IPO gate is closed, and the road of financing for enterprises to go public is becoming more and more difficult. Another solution will be provided, that is, raising funds through crowdfunding mode. However, from the current domestic actual crowdfunding platforms, due to the limitation of the number of shareholders and the regulations of public fundraising, there are many platforms for pre-sale and marketing of innovative products represented by roll call time, and there are also many platforms for realizing the dreams of creative projects such as humanities, film and television, music and publishing, and some micro-charity fundraising platforms represented by Taomeng.com and Dreamcatcher.com.
Luo Zhenyu, the water tester of the Internet knowledge-based community, as the speaker of the self-media video talk show "Luo Ji Thinking", on August 9, 20 13, 5,000 200 yuan/person's two-year membership accounts were sold out within 6 hours, which is also one of the successful cases of crowdfunding mode, but it is difficult to be copied.
Since the middle of 20 13, a number of entrepreneurial service platforms, such as venture capital circle and angel exchange, have entered people's field of vision in the mode of "crowdfunding-voting" and accepted the original intention of crowdfunding well. However, because the quality of the project is difficult to judge and the rate of return is extremely uncertain, it is only among a few angel investors, investment institutions and a few people who vote.
Compared with the lively P2P, crowdfunding is still in a relatively quiet stage. At present, the domestic regulations on public offering and the red line of illegal fund-raising make the crowdfunding joint-stock system develop slowly in China, making it difficult to become bigger and stronger in China, and its impact on the financial industry and corporate financing is very limited in the short term. From the perspective of industry development, at present, the development of crowdfunding websites should avoid the situation that group buying websites have the same operation mode and content, and another large area has fallen. This requires the operation of crowdfunding websites to reflect their own differentiation and highlight their vertical characteristics.
5. Internet financial portal
Internet financial portal refers to a platform that uses the Internet to sell financial products and provide third-party services for financial product sales. Its core is the "search+price comparison" model, which uses the vertical price comparison method of financial products to put the products of various financial institutions on the platform, and users choose the appropriate financial products through comparison. Internet financial portals are diversified and innovative, forming a third-party financial institution that provides high-end financial investment services and financial products, and an insurance portal that provides insurance product consultation, price comparison and purchase services.
This model does not have much policy risk, because its platform is not responsible for the actual sales of financial products, nor does it bear any adverse risks, and the funds do not go through the intermediate platform at all. At present, there are 3609 1 Financial Supermarket, Haodai.com, Yinlv.com, Geshang Finance, Datong.com, and Online Loan Home in the sub-sectors of credit, wealth management, insurance and P2P.
The greatest value of Internet financial portal lies in its channel value. Internet finance diverts customers from banking, trust, insurance and other industries, which intensifies the competition in these industries. With the gradual arrival of interest rate marketization and the advent of the Internet finance era, it is not so important for the demanders of funds as long as they can get it from ICBC or CCB, P2P platform or small loan companies, or trust funds, private debt and other acceptable costs within a certain period of time.
6.P2P network loan platform
P2P(Peer-to-Peerlending) is peer-to-peer credit. Peer-to-peer online lending refers to the matching of borrowers and lenders through third-party Internet platforms. People who need to borrow can find people who have the ability to lend and are willing to lend under certain conditions through the website platform, which helps lenders spread risks by sharing a loan amount with other lenders, and also helps borrowers choose attractive interest rate conditions from fully compared information.
The profit of P2P platform is mainly to charge borrowers a one-time fee and investors an assessment management fee. The loan interest rate is determined by the lender's bidding or the platform provides the reference interest rate according to the borrower's reputation and the bank's interest rate level.
Due to the lack of entry barriers, industry standards and institutional supervision, P2P online lending has not been strictly defined, and its operating model has not been fully finalized. At present, the following operation modes appear:
First, pure online mode. The typical platforms of this model are pat loan, Heli loan and Renren loan (some businesses). Its characteristic is that all fund lending activities are carried out online, not combined with offline audit. Usually, these enterprises take measures to examine the qualifications of borrowers, such as video authentication, checking bank bills and identity authentication.
The second is the combination of online and offline, represented by pterosaur loan. After the borrower submits the loan application online, the platform will review the borrower's credit standing and repayment ability through the agent in the same city.
Third, the model of creditor's rights transfer represented by CreditEase is still in doubt. This model is that the company acts as an intermediary to screen borrowers, lend in the name of individuals and then transfer the creditor's rights to financial investors.
From the characteristics of P2P, it reduces the degree of market information asymmetry to a certain extent, and will play a certain role in promoting interest rate marketization. Because of its low participation threshold and low channel cost, it has expanded the financing channels of society to some extent. However, from the current point of view, P2P online lending is temporarily difficult to shake the bank's dominance in the credit field and cannot have a fundamental impact on banks.
P2P is mainly aimed at small and micro enterprises and ordinary individual users, most of whom are "abandoned" by banks, with relatively poor credit, relatively low loan amount and insufficient collateral. Moreover, because the personal credit information system of the central bank is temporarily closed to P2P enterprises, the P2P loan review efficiency is low, the contribution rate of individual customers is low, and the probability of loan approval is low. Moreover, many off-site credit loans have a high bad debt rate because of the high cost of credit review and collection.
P2P online lending platform is still in the incubation period, and the lack of user awareness and imperfect risk control system are the main obstacles to the development of P2P industry. The information of some platforms running has also brought bad influence to the industry. Most of them hold the mentality of grabbing and running, relying on high returns to defraud investors' funds in a short period of time when the platform is online, and rarely fail because of real poor management. Therefore, we should not completely deny an industry because of the bad behavior of a few black sheep, but should gradually establish a filing system and related fund supervision, and at the same time increase the crackdown on real illegal fraud.