1. 1 Basic tasks of construction preparation
Establish necessary technical and labor conditions for the construction of the proposed project, and make overall arrangements for construction forces and construction sites.
1.2 the importance of construction preparation
Construction preparation is an important part of production and operation management of construction enterprises.
Construction preparation is an important stage of building construction procedure.
Make good preparations for construction and reduce construction risks.
Make good preparations for construction and improve comprehensive economic benefits of enterprises.
1.3 Classification and content of construction preparation work
1.3. 1 construction preparation classification
1.3. 1. 1 classified according to the scope of construction preparation.
(1) General preparation for construction (full-site construction preparation)
(2) Preparation of construction conditions for individual (unit) projects
(3) Preparation of construction conditions for divisional (sub-divisional) projects
1.3. 1.2 is classified according to different construction stages of the project.
(1) Construction preparation before commencement
(2) Construction preparation before each stage of construction
1.4. Construction preparation requirements
Construction preparation should be organized, planned and carried out step by step.
Establish strict responsibility system for construction preparation and corresponding inspection system.
Adhere to the basic construction procedures and strictly implement the work-start reporting system.
Construction preparation must run through the whole construction process.
The construction preparation shall be supported and cooperated by all relevant cooperative units.
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Second, the construction site personnel preparation
The scope of labor organization preparation includes the labor organization preparation of the whole construction enterprise, the labor organization preparation of the large-scale comprehensive proposed project and the labor organization preparation of the small-scale simple proposed unit project. Here, taking the proposed project as an example, the contents of the labor organization preparation work are as follows:
2. 1 labor organization preparation
Labor organization preparation includes: construction management layer and operation layer.
1. Establish the leading organization of the proposed project.
2. Organize a capable construction team.
3. Assemble the construction force and organize the labor force to enter the site.
4. Conduct construction organization design, planning and technical disclosure for the construction team and workers.
5. Establish and improve various management systems. For more information, please pay attention to WeChat official account: Construction Engineering House.
2. 1. 1 Establish the leading organization of the proposed project.
The establishment of the construction organization should follow the following principles: (1) According to the scale, structural characteristics and complexity of the proposed project, determine the candidates and quotas for the construction leading organization of the proposed project; Adhere to the combination of rational division of labor and close cooperation; Let people with construction experience, innovative spirit and work efficiency enter the leading group; Conscientiously implement the principle of setting posts by posts and selecting people by posts.
Establishing a project organization means establishing a project management department.
2. 1.2 Steps for the establishment of the project management department;
1) Determine the management tasks and organizational forms of the project management department according to the Project Management Planning Outline approved by the enterprise;
2) Determine the level of the project manager and set up functional departments and posts;
3) Determine personnel, responsibilities and authority;
4) The project manager breaks down the objectives according to the "Project Management Objectives Responsibility Letter";
5) Organize relevant personnel to formulate rules and regulations and target responsibility assessment, reward and punishment system.
2. 1.3 The organizational form of the project management department shall be determined according to the scale, structural complexity, professional characteristics, personnel quality and geographical scope of the construction project.
1) Large and medium-sized projects should adopt matrix project management organization and set up project management department;
2) Large and medium-sized projects far away from enterprise management should set up project management department according to the project management organization of division type;
3) Small projects should be set up according to linear and functional project management organizations.
2.2 Establish a capable construction team.
The formation of the construction team should seriously consider the reasonable cooperation between majors and types of work, and the proportion of technicians and general workers should meet the requirements of reasonable labor organization and assembly line construction organization. The construction team (professional construction team or mixed construction team) should adhere to the principle of reasonable and capable; At the same time, the labor demand plan of this project is formulated.
2.3 Assemble the construction force and organize the labor force to enter the site.
After determining the on-site leading organization, organize the labor force to enter the site according to the commencement date and labor demand plan. At the same time, carry out education on safety, fire prevention and civilized construction, and arrange the life of employees.
2.4 to the construction team, workers for construction organization design, planning and technical disclosure.
① Purpose: To explain the design content, construction scheme and technical requirements of the proposed project to the construction team and workers in detail. This is a good way to implement the responsibility system of planning and technology.
② Time: It shall be carried out in time before the unit project or division project starts, so as to ensure that the project is constructed in strict accordance with the design drawings, construction organization design, safety operation procedures and construction acceptance specifications.
③ Content:
(1) Related contents in site (team) disclosure: whether there are construction conditions, coordination and contradiction with other types of work, etc. And ask Party A to come forward and coordinate.
(2) Requirements of construction scope, engineering quantity, workload and construction progress: Just explain to Party A realistically according to your own actual situation.
(3) Description of the construction drawing: the general idea of the designer and the problems existing in the future construction.
(4) Construction scheme measures: According to the actual situation of the project, formulate reasonable and effective construction organization design and safe and civilized construction scheme.
(5) Operating techniques and measures to ensure quality and safety: advanced mechanical equipment and high-quality workers.
(6) Process quality standards and evaluation methods: refer to current industry standards and corresponding design and acceptance specifications.
(7) Technical inspection and inspection acceptance requirements: including standards for self-inspection and supervision sampling inspection.
(8) Indicators and measures for increasing production and saving:
(9) Contents and requirements of technical records;
(10) Other construction precautions.
④ Mode: written form, oral form and live demonstration form.
2.5 Establish and improve various management systems.
(1) Project manager post responsibility system;
(2) Project technical management system;
(3) Engineering quality management system;
(4) Project safety management system;
(5) Project planning, statistics and schedule management system;
(6) Project cost accounting system;
(7) project materials, machinery and equipment management system;
(8) Project site management system;
(9) Project allocation and reward system;
(10) project regular meeting and construction log system;
(1 1) engineering subcontracting and labor management system;
(12) project organization and coordination system;
(13) project information management system.
2.6 Optimize labor mix and technical training
(1) In view of the difficulties in engineering construction, organize engineers and technicians and backbone workers to investigate and study similar projects;
(2) do a good job in professional engineering and technical training, and improve the adaptability to the use and operation of new technologies and materials;
(3) Strengthen quality consciousness, do a good job in quality education and enhance quality concept;
(4) The workforce shall be optimally combined, bidirectionally selected and dynamically managed, so as to arouse the enthusiasm of employees to the maximum extent;
(5) Carry out the construction organization design and technical disclosure seriously and comprehensively;
(6) Pay special attention to the education of construction safety, fire prevention and civilized construction.
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Third, the construction site preparation
3. 1 Concept and purpose of construction site preparation
The construction site is an activity space for all the personnel involved in the construction to carry out tactical decisive battle rhythmically, evenly and continuously in order to win the goal of high quality, high speed and low consumption.
The preparation of the construction site is mainly to create favorable construction conditions and material guarantee for the construction of the proposed project.
3.2 the content of the construction site preparation
(1) Do a good job in "three links and one leveling"
(2) do a good job in the construction site control network measurement.
(3) Build temporary facilities
(4) Installation and debugging of construction machines and tools
(5) Completes the supplementary exploration on the construction site.
(6) Do a good job of storing and stacking building components, products and materials.
(7) Provide the test application plan of building materials in time.
(8) Set fire control and safety facilities
(9) Remove obstacles
3.2. 1 Do a good job in "three links and one leveling"
"Three links and one leveling" refers to water supply, access, electricity supply and site leveling. For more information, please pay attention to WeChat official account: Construction Engineering House.
"Five connections and one leveling" refers to water supply, electricity supply, access, communication, gas supply and site leveling.
"Seven connections and one leveling" refers to water supply, drainage, electricity, roads, communications, gas, heat and site leveling.
Lu Tong: The road on the construction site is the main artery for organizing material transportation. Before the proposed project starts, the permanent roads on the construction site (including the railways in the plant area) must be repaired according to the requirements of the general construction plan; Factory roads) and necessary temporary roads, form a complete and smooth transportation network, and create favorable conditions for the entry and stacking of building materials.
Water: Water is indispensable for production and life on the construction site. Before the start of the proposed project, the pipes for construction water and domestic water must be connected according to the requirements of the general construction plan, combined with the permanent water supply system as far as possible, and the ground drainage system should be well done to create a good environment for the construction.
Electricity: electricity is the main power supply at the construction site. Before the construction of the proposed project, the power and communication facilities should be connected according to the requirements of the construction organization design, and other energy sources (such as steam and compressed air) should be supplied well to ensure the normal operation of the power and communication equipment on the construction site.
Land leveling: according to the requirements of the general construction plan, firstly, remove the buildings or structures that hinder the construction on the site, and then calculate the earthwork volume according to the elevation and vertical design drawings of earthwork specified in the general construction plan, determine the construction plan of land leveling, and carry out land leveling work.
3.2.2 Construction site control network measurement
(1) According to the general construction plan and the permanent latitude and longitude coordinate control network and leveling control foundation piles provided by the design unit, carry out the construction survey of the plant area, set up permanent latitude and longitude coordinate piles and leveling foundation piles in the plant area, and establish the engineering survey control network of the plant area.
(2) When measuring unreeling, theodolite, level gauge, steel rule and other measuring instruments should be calibrated; Check the matching piles and leveling points, and formulate feasible measurement schemes, including plane control, elevation control, settlement observation and completion measurement;
(3) The positioning and setting-out of the building generally determines the position of the building through the plane control axis in the design drawings, and determines and submits it to relevant departments and the construction unit or supervision for line inspection after self-inspection, so as to ensure the accuracy of positioning. After the setting-out of buildings along the red line, the urban planning department should check the line to prevent buildings from pressing the red line or exceeding the red line, so as to create conditions for normal and smooth construction.
3.2.3 Set up temporary facilities
According to the general layout of the construction, set up temporary facilities, and prepare for the official start of production, office, living, residence, warehousing and other temporary houses.
3.2.4 Installation and debugging of construction machines and tools
According to the demand plan of construction machines and tools, organize the construction machines and tools to enter the site, and place the construction machines and tools in the designated place or warehouse according to the general construction plan. Fixed machines and tools should be in place, scaffolding, power supply, maintenance and debugging. All construction machinery and tools must be inspected and tested before construction.
3.2.5 Completes the supplementary exploration on the construction site.
The purpose of supplementary exploration on the construction site is to further search for hidden objects such as dry wells, air-raid shelters, ancient tombs, underground pipelines, culverts, dead tree roots, etc., so as to draw up and implement the plan to deal with hidden objects in time. Create favorable conditions for foundation engineering construction.
3.2.6 Do a good job in storing and stacking building components, products and materials.
According to the demand plan of building materials, components and products, organize to enter the site, and store and pile them in the place and manner specified in the general construction plan.
3.2.7 Provide the test application plan of building materials in time.
According to the demand plan of building materials, provide the test application plan of building materials in time. Such as mechanical properties and chemical composition of steel; Mix proportion and strength test of concrete or mortar.
3.2.8 Set fire control and safety facilities.
According to the requirements of the construction organization design, according to the layout of the construction site plan, establish fire control. Security organizations and relevant rules and regulations, arrange fire control, public security and other measures.
Clear obstacles
(1) All the above-ground and underground obstacles in the construction site shall be removed before construction;
(2) For the demolition of houses, it is generally only necessary to cut off the water supply and power supply before demolition. If blasting is adopted, it must be approved by the relevant departments and borne by professional blasting operators;
(3) The removal of overhead lines (electric power and communication) and underground cables (including electric power and communication) can only be carried out after contacting the electric power department or communication department and going through relevant formalities;
(4) Demolition of pipes such as tap water, sewage, gas and heat. After the formalities are completed, it will be carried out by a professional company;
(5) If there are trees in the site, they must be reported to the garden department for approval before they can be cut down;
(6) If the obstacles are removed, the residue and other sundries should be removed from the field.
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Fourth, technical preparation.
4. 1 Technical preparation is the core of construction preparation.
Any technical mistakes or hidden dangers may cause personal safety and quality accidents, resulting in huge losses of life, property and economy. So be sure to make technical preparations.
Details are as follows:
1. Familiar with and came to the mode.
2. Prepare the construction organization design after winning the bid.
3. Prepare the construction drawing budget and construction budget
4. Investigation and analysis of original data
4. 1. 1 Familiarity and entrance examination mode
(A) familiar with and review the purpose of construction drawings
(1) In order to carry out the construction smoothly according to the requirements of the design drawings and produce the final products that meet the design requirements;
(2) In order to fully understand and master the design intent, structural characteristics and technical requirements of the design drawings before construction;
(3) Through examination, problems and errors in the drawings are found, so as to correct them before construction and provide accurate design drawings for formal construction.
(two) familiar with and review the basis of construction drawings
(1) preliminary design, construction drawing design, general layout of construction project and other information provided by the construction unit and design unit;
(2) Investigate and collect original data;
(3) Design and construction acceptance specifications and related technical regulations.
(3) the content of the blue prints.the design
(1) Whether it is unlicensed design or leapfrog design; Whether the drawings have been formally signed by the design unit.
(2) Whether the geological exploration data are complete.
(3) Whether the design drawings and descriptions meet local requirements.
(4) Whether the designed seismic intensity meets the local requirements.
(5) Are there any contradictions between several design units and design drawings? Whether there is any contradiction between professional drawings and vertical section drawings; Mark if there are any omissions.
(6) Whether the general plan is consistent with the geometric size, plane position and elevation of the construction drawing.
(7) Whether fire prevention and fire extinguishing are satisfied.
(8) Whether there are errors and contradictions between the building structure and the drawings of various disciplines; Whether the plane size and elevation of the structural drawing and the architectural drawing are consistent; Whether the representation methods of architectural drawings and structural drawings are clear; Whether it meets the drawing standards; Whether the embedded parts are clearly marked; Whether there is a list of steel bars in the drawing or whether the structural requirements of steel bars are clear.
(9) Whether the construction unit has various standard atlas listed in the construction drawing.
(10) Whether the material source is guaranteed and whether it can be replaced; Whether the requirements in the drawing can be met; Whether there are problems in the application of new materials and technologies.
(1 1) Whether the foundation treatment method is reasonable, whether there are nuclear technical problems in buildings and structures that cannot be constructed or are not convenient for construction, or whether it is easy to increase the quality, safety and project cost.
(12) Whether there are contradictions among or among process pipes, electrical lines, equipment, transportation roads and buildings, and whether the layout is reasonable.
(13) Whether the construction safety and environmental sanitation are guaranteed.
(14) Whether the drawings meet the requirements of the supervision outline.
(4) review procedures. Familiar with and review design drawings is usually divided into three stages: self-examination, joint examination and on-site visa.
(1) design drawings self-examination stage.
After the construction unit receives the design drawings and relevant technical documents of the proposed project. Relevant engineering and technical personnel should be organized as soon as possible to familiarize themselves with and self-examine the drawings, and a record of the self-examination drawings should be written. The self-examination record of drawings shall include questions about design drawings and relevant suggestions on design drawings.
(2) The joint review stage of design drawings.
Generally presided over by the construction unit, design units, construction units, supervision units to participate in, the three parties to design the blue prints.the design. When the blue prints.the design, first of all, the project leader of the design unit explains the design basis, intention and functional requirements of the proposed project to the participants, and puts forward the design requirements of special structures, new materials, new processes and new technologies; Then, according to the self-examination records and understanding of the design intent, the construction unit puts forward questions and suggestions on the design drawings, and forms a "Minute of Joint Review of Drawings", which is formally written by the construction unit and countersigned and sealed by the contractor * * * as a technical document used together with the design documents and a basis for guiding the construction.
(3) design drawings on-site visa stage.
During the construction of the proposed project, if it is found that the construction conditions are inconsistent with the design drawings, or the drawings are still wrong, or the material specifications and quality can not meet the design requirements, or the construction unit puts forward reasonable suggestions and needs to modify the design drawings in time, it should follow the system of technical verification and design change visa and obtain the drawings construction site visa. If the content of design changes has a great influence on the scale and investment of the proposed project, it shall be reported to the original approving unit for approval. At the construction site, drawings modification, technical verification and design change data shall be recorded in formal written form and incorporated into the construction archives of the proposed project as the basis for guiding construction, completion acceptance and project settlement.
(five) familiar with the relevant norms, regulations and technical regulations.
4. 1.2 Prepare the construction organization design after winning the bid
Construction organization design is an important part of construction preparation, and it is also a technical and economic document that guides all production activities on the construction site. The whole process of building construction and production activities is a very complicated process of material wealth re-creation. In order to correctly handle the relationship between people and things, subject and auxiliary, technology and equipment, specialty and cooperation, supply and consumption, production and storage, use and maintenance, and their spatial layout and time arrangement, it is necessary to formulate a scientific plan that can effectively guide various construction activities of the project according to the scale, structural characteristics and requirements of the construction unit.
4. 1.3 preparation of construction drawing budget and construction budget
(A) the construction drawing budget
Construction drawing budget is an important part of technical preparation. It is a document to determine the project cost, which is compiled by the construction unit according to the engineering quantity determined by the construction drawing, the construction method drawn up by the construction organization design, the construction budget quota and the charging standard. It is an important basis for construction enterprises to sign engineering contracts, project settlement, bank loans, cost accounting and strengthen management.
(2) Construction budget
The construction budget is an internal economic document compiled by the construction unit according to the construction contract price, construction drawings, construction organization design or construction scheme, construction quota and other documents. It is directly controlled by the contract price in the construction contract and is an important preparation work before construction.
(C) the difference between construction drawing budget and construction budget
The construction drawing budget is a technical and economic document for Party A and Party B to determine the budget unit price and carry out economic contact. Construction budget is the basis of internal economic accounting of construction enterprises. The comparison of consumption and economic benefits between construction drawing budget and construction budget, commonly known as "two calculations", is an important means to promote construction enterprises to reduce material consumption and increase accumulation.
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Verb (abbreviation of verb) preparation of on-site production materials
5. 1 Materials, components, products, machines and equipment are the material basis to ensure the smooth progress of the construction.
The preparation of these materials must be completed before the start of the project. According to the demand plan of various materials, the source of goods is determined separately, and transportation and storage are arranged to meet the requirements of continuous construction.
Contents of material preparation:
(1) Preparation of building materials
(2) Preparation of processed parts and products
(3) Preparation of building installation machines and tools
(4) Template and scaffold preparation
(5) Preparation of production process equipment
5. 1. 1 Preparation of building materials
The preparation of building materials is mainly based on the analysis of the construction budget, according to the requirements of the construction progress plan, and according to the material name, specifications, reserve quota and consumption quota of mineral materials when used, to prepare a material demand plan, which provides a basis for organizing material preparation, determining the required area for warehouse and on-site stacking, and organizing transportation.
5. 1.2 Processing preparation of parts and products
According to the names, specifications, quality and dosage of components and products provided in the construction budget, determine the processing scheme and supply channels, as well as the storage location and method after entering the site, and prepare the demand plan to provide a basis for organizing transportation and determining the yard area.
5. 1.3 Preparation of building installation machines and tools
According to the adopted construction scheme, arrange the construction progress, determine the type and quantity of construction machinery, determine the supply mode of construction machinery and the storage place and method after entering the site, and prepare the demand plan for construction and installation machinery, which provides the basis for organizing transportation and determining the yard area;
5. 1.4 Preparation of formwork and scaffold
5. 1.5 preparation of production process equipment
According to the production process flow and process equipment layout of the proposed project, the name, model, production capacity and demand of process equipment are put forward, the arrival time and storage mode are determined by stages and batches, and the process equipment demand plan is compiled, which provides the basis for organizing transportation and determining the yard area.
Material preparation procedure:
Material preparation procedure is an important means to do a good job in material preparation. Usually according to the following procedures:
(1) Prepare material demand plan
According to the construction budget, division (item) project construction method and construction schedule, prepare the demand plan of national allocation materials, unified materials, local materials, components and products, construction machines and tools, process equipment and other materials;
(2) organizing the supply of goods
According to the demand plan of various materials, organize the supply of goods, determine the processing, supply location and supply mode, and sign the material supply contract;
(3) transportation plan
According to the demand plans and contracts of various materials, formulate transportation plans and schemes;
(4) Material storage and storage methods
According to the requirements of the construction site plan, organize the materials to enter the site as planned, and store or pile them in the specified way at the designated place.
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Six, seasonal construction preparation
6. 1 Preparation for construction in rainy season
(1) Arrange the construction in rainy season reasonably. Arrange more projects such as foundation, underground engineering, earthwork, outdoor and roof engineering that are not suitable for construction in the rain period; Stay indoors during the rainy season;
(2) Strengthen the construction management and do a good job of safety education in the rain period;
(3) flood control and drainage, and do a good job of on-site drainage;
(4) Do a good job in road maintenance to ensure smooth transportation;
(5) Do a good job of keeping materials;
(6) Do a good job in the protection of machinery and equipment.
6.2 Winter construction preparation
(1) Organize relevant machinery, additives and thermal insulation materials to enter the site in advance according to the physical quantity;
(2) Build boiler room, mixing station and pipeline for heating, conduct fire-fighting and pressure-resistant tests on boilers, and check the safety and reliability of various heating materials and equipment;
(3) Calculate the transformer capacity to save energy;
(4) The temporary water supply and drainage pipes and gypsum on the construction site shall be well insulated and protected against freezing, so as to prevent road water from freezing, clear the snow in time and ensure smooth transportation;
(5) Do a good job in the trial matching test of concrete, mortar and admixture for winter construction, and put forward the construction mixture ratio;
(6) Do a good job in indoor construction engineering insulation, such as completing the heating system first, installing doors and windows, etc. , to ensure the smooth construction of other indoor engineering.
6.3 Summer construction preparation
(1) Prepare the construction plan for the summer construction project.
(2) Preparation of on-site lightning protection device.
(3) Construction personnel prepare for heatstroke prevention and cooling.
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