Ji Jing (1757— 18 17), whose real name is Zi Ju, is Jiantang. A native of Fuyang Lake County, Changzhou. Gan Long, an essayist in Qing Dynasty, was a juren. He devoted himself to the study of classical Chinese and co-founded the "Yanghu Poetry School" with Zhang Huiyan.
Zhang Huiyan (1761-1802), formerly known as Yi Ming, formerly known as Gawain, whose name is Mingke. A native of Fuyang Lake County, Changzhou. Scholars and writers in the Qing Dynasty. Jiaqing Jinshi, edited by Guan Hanlin Academy. He is the leader of "Yanghu Poetry School" which is also called with Ji Jing, and the founder of Changzhou Ci School.
Zhang Qi (1764- 1833), formerly known as Yi, also known as Yu Quan, Han Feng, Yuke, Wanlin and Mocheng lay man. A native of Fuyang Lake County, Changzhou. Poet and essayist in Qing Dynasty. Zhang Huiyan's younger brother and elder brother Zhang Huiyan are collectively called "Two Piling Poems", and together with elder brother Zhang Huiyan, they create "Changzhou Ci School".
Li Zhaoluo (1769— 184 1), named Shenqi, raised an old man at night. A native of Fuyang Lake County, Changzhou. A litterateur and geographer in Qing Dynasty. Qing Jiaqing was a scholar. In his later years, he taught in Jiangyin Jiyang College for 20 years. He had made friends with Wei Yuan and influenced each other ideologically. He wrote The Atlas of the Sea and the Atlas of the Sea of Wei Yuan, which proved each other and served as the theoretical basis of the Westernization School.
Lu Jitun (1772— 1834), Qi Sun, Ping. A native of Fuyang Lake County, Changzhou. Poet and essayist in Qing Dynasty. In the fifth year of Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty (1800), people were awarded. The backbone of Yanghu Poetry School is another outstanding poet in Changzhou after Huang Zhongze.
No.1 Feng Guifen, Jingting Zilin (1809— 1874). Suzhou Wuxian people. Modern essayist. Lin Zexu's favorite pupil. Twenty years of Daoguang (1840), a scholar. Awarded the editor of Hanlin Academy.
Feng Guifen was a theoretical pioneer of the Westernization Movement in modern times. In the 11th year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty (186 1), Feng Guifen's political masterpiece Protest at School came out. In view of China's domestic troubles and foreign invasion at that time, Feng Guifen put forward some reform ideas, such as "taking western learning, controlling foreigners, and being good at controlling foreigners", and became the forerunner of the Westernization School's thought of "taking learning as the body and using western learning", which was regarded as the forerunner by the bourgeois reformists.
Zhang Huiyan (1761-1802) was born in Wujin, Jiangsu Province (now Changzhou), and was a scholar in Jiaqing four years (1799), and was an official in the Imperial Academy. He is a Confucian scholar, famous for his poems, and the leader of Changzhou Ci School and Yanghu School in ancient China. Ming bian, Ming ke ci and bie Xuan represent his view of ci poetry. The most fundamental point of his opinion in The Order of Words is that words, like poems, should emphasize contrast and sustenance. "If you want, you have to be compassionate, feel, touch all kinds of things, and return to your place, not just for lettering." Judging from this standard, he thinks that all the poets who lived for more than 400 years after the death of Song Dynasty are "clever and ignorant", including the popular Zhejiang Ci.
In Selected Poems, * * * selected 44 poets from Tang and Song Dynasties, and the preface was especially highly praised by Tang and Song Dynasties, Su Shi, Qin Guan, Zhou Bangyan, Xin Qiji, Jiang Kui, Wang and Zhang Yan. At first glance, it is difficult to find obvious similarities in this list, but Zhang has his own explanation. Wen Tingyun is his favorite because, in his view, all kinds of beauty and herbs in literary words are only concrete and have deep meaning in them (this is actually the interpretation method of modern literature). However, there are still some shortcomings in the eight schools of Song Dynasty, that is, "it is inevitable that there will be indulgence for a while", so we should pay attention to the distinction. So although he chose Su and Xin, he mainly chose their euphemistic works. In this way, Zhang Huiyan defined the proper form of Ci as a way to express "the feelings of saints and gentlemen, which is self-evident, but wants to be humble" and pay attention to the "deep beauty" of his Ci. This theory of Ci with the flavor of Confucian classics seems to be able to correct some shortcomings of Zhejiang Ci, but in fact, the road it guides is narrower and the expression of emotion is more convergent and obscure. However, due to the influence of Zhang Huiyan, this theory was once quite popular.
Zhang Huiyan's ci is concise, with few flowery words and allusions. It is lyrical, meticulous and vivid, and its conception is implicit. His five poems "Shuidiao Tou Yangchun Day" have been praised by many predecessors, and the following poem "Mulan Slow" is also very famous:
It's all over, who can understand it, who can treat it as a flower. The positive wind avoids the heavy curtain, the rain returns to the deep curtain, and the cloud protects the light curtain. Looking for his spring partner, I just broke my beauty and saw the sunset.
I couldn't bear to be silent, so I flew back. Despair and passion, bleak and resistant to spring. But the moon and plum, the flowers and the sky are accompanied by snow, which are collectively called cold. Spring will be very annoying, I will do it all day, and I will worry around Yunshan. Look at the green Chi Pan, with tears and spots.