For psychological counseling, do you know the focus of the first conversation? The following is the first conversation I have carefully arranged for you. Welcome to reading.
First, collect event information.
1. Question requirement: Ask the age, education level, occupation and native place of the visitor clearly. If gender or family issues are involved, ask the visitors whether they are married, who are the family members, what occupation they are engaged in, and what is their relationship with the visitors. When talking about the experience of the problem, ask the opinions of people around you and your own efforts.
2. Question method:
What are we going to talk about today? (Collect information)
Can you tell me some basic information about you? Such as age, occupation, etc? (Collect information)
Who else is at home besides you? Can you tell me something about them? (Collect information)
Talk about your parents (work, study) (what you want to know is the relationship) (extensive information)
What happened before that? (Psychoanalysis) What unforgettable things did you have when you were a child?
Who have you talked to about this? What did you tell them? What do they think of these things? What do you think of them? (Understanding Support System+Changing Cognition)
Did anything unusual happen?
Are there any exceptions? The problem has been solved for some time? What do you think is the difference between special periods and other periods? )
It's been a while. What's the problem now? This problem has existed for a long time. Why do you need to solve it now? Can't continue to endure? Need answers? )
Is this question good for you?
Does anyone think this is a problem? Compared with others, your reaction seems to be greater? )
Can you be more specific? (concretization)
Can you give me an example? (concretization)
If you choose A, what are the pros and cons or gains and losses for you (anything else)? (avoid conflict)
Who gave advice after what happened? What efforts have you made? (discussion method)
Second, understand the problem symptom information
1. Question requirement: Ask some symptoms of the problem, including physical and psychological symptoms, the time, place, degree and duration of finding the symptoms, the impact caused by the problem, and most importantly, the expected goal of the consultation.
2. Question method:
When did it first appear? What happened at that time?
What makes you think this is a problem? What makes you feel pain? Not feeling well? Confused? )
What were your feelings (emotions) at that time? What do you think (cognition)? What did you do (doing nothing, not talking → holding back → feeling * * *)? what did you say ? What are your physical problems (five cognitive factors)?
(Symptom information) When and where does this symptom appear, when it is easy to appear, when it is not easy to appear, when it is not easy to appear, duration, degree (score), and how to alleviate it (according to this final suggestion)?
If you rate your mood, how much do you rate it? (Short key points, scale evaluation questions, 1- 10 score)
Anything else to add? (Perfect symptom information)
How do these situations (or emotions) affect you (crisis intervention)? (Social function: 1. Work efficiency, 2. Learning situation, 3. Interpersonal relationship, 4. Physical condition. )
Come to consult today. If this is a problem, what do you think is the only reason? You can only choose one reason, the most important reason and the most core reason. )
If the problem changes regularly, what do you think it is? (Self-discovery of symptoms)
What hope? What is the problem you want to solve most (more than two questions → discussion target) (in case the topic is unknown or visitors ask more than two questions)?
Third, matters needing attention
Avoid discouraging words, such as "How can you be so stupid" and "Stop it".
Praise the visitor's strength, such as "You have done your best".
Accept the parties themselves, not the mistakes, such as "No matter what extreme ideas you have, it is very important that you have not implemented them".
Show trust in visitors, such as "thank you for coming to me for consultation" and "thank you for trusting me".
Encourage visitors to learn from their mistakes, such as "it is important for you to come to me for advice, which shows that you want to grow up."
There are many variants of each question according to specific problems and situations, regardless of fixed sentence patterns and usage times.
The professional definition of psychological counselor
Psychological counselor: a professional who uses psychology and related knowledge, follows psychological principles, and helps clients solve psychological problems through psychological counseling techniques and methods.
Professional grade of psychological counselor
There are three levels of this profession, namely: counselor level 3 (national vocational qualification level 3), counselor level 2 (national vocational qualification level 2) and counselor level 1 (national vocational qualification level 1).
Requirements for applying for a psychological counselor
Psychological counselor level 3
(One of the following circumstances)
(1) Bachelor degree or above in psychology, education and medicine.
(two) with a college degree in psychology, education, medicine, and after the three-level formal training of psychological counselors, they have reached the required standard hours and obtained a certificate of completion.
(3) Having a bachelor's degree or above in other majors, having received three-level formal training from psychological counselors, and having obtained a certificate of completion.
Psychological counselor level 2
(One of the following circumstances)
(1) holds a doctorate in psychology, education and medicine.
(2) Having a master's degree in psychology, pedagogy and medicine, having passed the second-level formal training of psychological counselors, reaching the required standard hours, and obtaining a certificate of completion.
(3) Having obtained the third-level professional qualification certificate of psychological counselor, having been engaged in psychological counseling for three years continuously, having passed the second-level formal training of psychological counselor and reaching the required standard hours, and having obtained the certificate of completion.
(4) Having the qualifications for technical positions in psychology, education and medicine at or above the intermediate level, having reached the required standard class hours after the second-level formal training of psychological counselors, and having obtained a certificate of completion, and having been engaged in psychological counseling for three consecutive years.
Psychological counselor level 1
(One of the following circumstances)
(1) has the qualifications of psychology, education, doctor of medicine or professional and technical positions above associate senior level, has received formal training with standard hours prescribed by psychological counselors, and has obtained a certificate of completion, and has been engaged in psychological counseling for three consecutive years.
(2) Have a master's degree, obtain the second-class professional qualification certificate of psychological counselor, have been engaged in psychological counseling for three consecutive years, have passed the first-class formal training of psychological counselor and reached the required standard hours, and have obtained the certificate of completion.
Employment prospects of psychological counselors
According to the standards of the International Health Organization, having a counselor for every 65,438+0,000 people is the "balance point of a healthy society". In China, the number of people suffering from emotions and stress has reached 200 million. Judicial system, civil affairs system, public security system, schools, communities, etc. The state has explicitly requested the provision of psychological counselors. From this calculation, the number of psychological counselors in China has reached one million, and there is a great demand for psychological counselors in society.
Which children need psychological counseling?
1. Which children need psychological counseling?
With the development of social economy and the further understanding of the concept of health, people pay more and more attention to children's psychological and behavioral diseases. In daily life, there are many children who need psychological counseling, so which children need psychological counseling? The following are some common psychological diseases of children. Children with these diseases had better seek psychological counseling in order to recover as soon as possible.
Finger sucking is a common phenomenon in infancy, and it is obviously reduced after 2-3 years old. With the increase of age, it will gradually disappear. If it does not disappear, it is a bad behavior deviation.
Nail biting is a common bad behavior in childhood, which can happen to both boys and girls. Different degrees can cause local bleeding and even paronychia. Such children are often accompanied by restless sleep and convulsions.
Breath-holding attack refers to the phenomenon of breath-holding, apnea, blue lips and stiff limbs after hyperventilation when the baby is stimulated to cry. In severe cases, there may be temporary disturbance of consciousness. As short as 0.5- 1 minute, as long as 2-3 minutes. More common in children under 2 years old.
Stuttering refers to the state that speech is interrupted, repeated and unsmooth when speaking, which is a common language barrier in childhood. About half of the children stutter before the age of 5.
Speech retardation means that children's spoken language appears slower than normal children of the same age and develops slower than normal children. It is generally believed that/kloc-can't speak words for 0/8 months and short sentences for 30 months, which belongs to speech retardation.
Selective silence refers to children who have acquired language skills. Due to the influence of mental factors, in some specific situations, speech is interrupted or silenced, such as not talking at school and talking at home. It usually starts on 3-5.
Enuresis refers to children over 5 years old who can't control their urination, often wet the bed at night and sometimes wet their pants during the day. It is more common in children aged 5- 10, with more boys than girls.
Tourette syndrome refers to the twitching of a group of muscles or two groups of muscles confined to a certain part of the body. It is manifested as blinking, blinking, frowning, smacking, neck stretching, shaking head and biting lips, which are more common in children over 5 years old, and more in boys than girls.
Difficulty in falling asleep means that children don't want to sleep before falling asleep. Even if they lie in bed, it is not easy for them to fall asleep. They kept tossing and turning in bed, or repeatedly asked their parents to tell him stories, until they could barely fall asleep very late.
Night terrors refer to the sudden opening of eyes, sitting up, panic and painful expressions during sleep, often accompanied by crying, shortness of breath, sweating and other symptoms. Most of them occur within 2 hours after falling asleep, and they can't remember after waking up, especially for children aged 5-7.
Sleepwalking refers to suddenly opening your eyes, sitting up and staring, getting out of bed and walking in sleep. Most of them occur within 2 hours after falling asleep and cannot be recalled after waking up. They are common in children of any age, especially children aged 5- 12.
Nightmare refers to a kind of sleep disorder that wakes up from a nightmare and vividly recalls the contents of the dream, leaving the child in an extremely nervous and anxious state. It mostly happens in the middle of the night, especially in preschool children.
Partial eclipse means that children don't like or eat certain foods or certain foods, which is a bad eating behavior. Partial eclipse is very common among children, accounting for about 25% in urban children and 10% in rural children.
Trichotillomania refers to the bad behavior of pulling out one's hair, eyebrows and body hair for no reason in childhood. More common in children over 4-5 years old.
Dependence behavior refers to a bad behavior that children rely too much on their parents and are not in line with their age. If parents are away, such children are prone to anxiety or depression.
Withdrawal behavior refers to the bad behavior of being timid, shy, lonely, afraid to go to strange environment and unwilling to play with children. Such children are not interested in new things and lack curiosity.
Nervous frequent micturition refers to a mental illness in which the frequency of micturition increases obviously every day, but the urine volume does not increase, and the urine routine is normal. The frequency of urination can be increased from the normal 6-8 times to 20-30 times, even exceeding 10 times per hour, and the amount of urination per time is very small, sometimes only a few drops. Children aged 4-5 are more common.
Nervous vomiting refers to repeated vomiting after meals, but it does not affect appetite and weight. Often have a hysterical personality. Self-centered, suggestive and often influenced by obvious psychological factors, especially girls.
Gender identity disorder means that children's understanding of their own gender is contrary to their real anatomical gender, such as male behavior characteristics like women, or persistent denial of their masculinity. More common in children over 3 years old.
Autism is a disease characterized by severe loneliness, lack of emotional response, language development disorder, stereotyped repetitive movements, and strange response to the environment. It is more common in boys, and the ratio of male to female is 4 ~ 5: 1.
In short, no matter how old children are, as long as they have abnormal behavior, learning difficulties, sleep disorders, personality defects, emotional disorders, poor social communication, gender role deviation and so on. , should be taken to the children's psychological clinic in time, consult a psychologist and receive psychotherapy.
Second, the skills of educating children.
1. Pay attention to encouragement and criticism.
The mother made the child's composition useless, and as a result, she disliked it more and more. Encouraged him several times, his mind was full of ideas, and he didn't listen to his argument that it was difficult to write. Do adults also like encouragement and hate criticism?
2. Don't force children.
Even if it's a good thing, it's disgusting to insist. A child's grandmother is a math teacher. With this advantage, if she is wrong, she will speak until the meeting. As a result, children are very tired of math. Are adults the same?
3. Don't give children too many restrictions.
Too many restrictions will cause children to resist. If children are not allowed to do this and that, as a result, children can only achieve their goals by losing their temper and getting angry. And if you learn to discuss with him, he will find it useful, so you don't have to lose your temper. Don't adults have oppression and resistance?
Step 4 change from difficult to easy
If you find something difficult, your children will be afraid of it. The same is true of adults. Therefore, what we need to do is not necessarily to face up to difficulties, but to find ways to make things simple, such as parents' assistance and break down goals.
5. Let the child become the "chairman"
I will do my own thing with my heart, but I am not willing to work for others. In fact, the practice of many parents is to force their children to become migrant workers from the chairman. Originally, learning was for the children themselves, but the parents' practice made the children feel that they were learning for their parents.
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