1, P2P online lending platform
P2P finance is also called P2P lending. It means: person to person. P2P financial management mode is a clever combination of online and offline, that is, individuals borrow money from each other through the network platform, lenders publish loan requirements on P2P websites, and investors lend money to lenders through websites.
P2P online lending is just a platform for investors and borrowers to match loans. Borrowing on P2P platform, the creditor is the investor, not the platform.
2. Network microfinance
Microfinance is a consumer loan with personal credit as its core, and the loan amount is generally above 1 000 yuan and below 1 000 yuan. Generally, you need to authorize your own sesame credit or Taobao shopping records. Network micro-loan: it mainly serves people with short-term financial constraints with personal consumption loans.
The establishment of small loan companies has rationally pooled some private funds, standardized the private lending market, and effectively solved the capital turnover problem of some netizens. Borrow from a microfinance company, and the creditor is a microfinance company.
3. Online cash loans
Payday loan is a small unsecured short-term loan that has sprung up in North America since 1990s, and it is guaranteed by personal credit. Its credit basis is the borrower's work and salary records, and the borrower promises to repay the loan and pay certain interest and expenses on the next payday. After this payday loan from abroad was introduced into China, it became a cash loan. Since 20 15, cash loans, as an important branch of consumer finance, have started to rise strongly in China. First-and second-tier cities are mainly online, while third-and fourth-tier cities are mainly offline. As of 20 17 and 12, the financing channels of cash lending platforms have been completely banned, except for banks and ABS products, the financing channels in the capital market are also tightening.
4. Online consumer loans
Online consumer loans may be familiar to everyone. Take the consumer finance of products such as Huabai, JD.COM IOUs and credit cards for example. For example, flowers can only be bought through a treasure platform, while JD.COM white bars can only be consumed within a limited range. Therefore, it belongs to the category of consumer loans. In addition to these, there are actually many online loan companies that have launched this service. They can only shop at designated places, and cannot achieve the quota. This is also an online consumer loan.
5. Regular online loans
Conventional loans have been in trouble. After cash loans are required to be rectified and most online lending platforms stop lending, many people will choose to borrow from routine loans when the groups that support loans are facing the break of the capital chain.
Routine loans are mostly small teams and individuals, and there is no real company business license. Through some social software, the victim is lured to a third-party lending platform. After the borrower signs an agreement, contract or IOU, the other party will transfer the money according to the agreed amount and keep the transfer voucher, and then ask the borrower to withdraw high interest or transfer it to the account with other identity information provided by him. The annual interest rate of this conventional loan is as high as 600%.
Second, what is peer-to-peer lending?
Peer-to-peer lending means that borrowers and borrowers borrow money on the internet platform, while peer-to-peer lending mainly uses small amounts, which originated in Europe and America during the financial crisis. Peer-to-peer lending has a certain effect in alleviating short-term capital seeking, risk financing and opening up personal investment channels.
Third, transaction risk.
1, the virtual nature of online transactions makes it impossible to authenticate the credit status of both borrowers and borrowers, which is prone to fraud and breach of contract disputes.
2. A lot of lender information published on the Internet platform is in the name of "loan company" and "financing company". In fact, financial institutions must be approved by the state to engage in financial services such as credit financing. Those who engage in financial activities without authorization are often punished for "illegal fund-raising", "illegal absorption of public deposits" and disturbing the order of financial management.
3. If loans are issued on behalf of the network platform, if the network platform neglects self-discipline, or the internal control procedures fail, or are used by others, there may be cases of fabricating loan information and illegally raising funds.
legal ground
Interim Measures for the Administration of Business Activities of Personal-to-Personal Loan Information Intermediaries
Article 3 Peer-to-peer lending information intermediaries shall follow the principles of legality, honesty, voluntariness and fairness to provide information services to borrowers and lenders, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of borrowers and lenders, and shall not provide credit enhancement services, directly or indirectly raise funds, illegally raise funds, or harm national interests and social interests.
Lenders and borrowers should bear the loan risks in accordance with the principles of voluntary lending, honesty and trustworthiness, self-responsibility and self-risk. Peer-to-peer lending information intermediaries bear the responsibility of objective, true, comprehensive and timely information disclosure and do not bear the risk of loan default.
Article 9 Information intermediaries in peer-to-peer lending shall perform the following obligations:
(1) According to laws, regulations and contractual agreements, provide borrowers and borrowers with the collection, sorting, screening and online publishing of direct lending information, as well as credit evaluation, loan matching, financing consultation, online dispute resolution and other related services;
(two) the qualifications of lenders and borrowers, the authenticity of information, the authenticity and legality of financing projects;
(3) Take measures to prevent fraudulent acts, discover fraudulent acts or other situations that harm the interests of lenders, and promptly announce and terminate relevant peer-to-peer lending activities;
(four) continue to carry out peer-to-peer lending knowledge popularization and risk education activities, strengthen information disclosure, guide lenders to participate in peer-to-peer lending in a small amount, and ensure that lenders are fully aware of lending risks;
(five) in accordance with laws and regulations and the relevant regulatory requirements of interbank lending, timely submit and register the creditor's rights and debts related information in interbank lending to the relevant data statistics department;
(6) Properly keep the information and transaction information of lenders and borrowers, and shall not delete, tamper with, illegally trade or disclose the basic information and transaction information of lenders and borrowers;
(7) Performing anti-money laundering and anti-terrorist financing obligations such as customer identification, suspicious transaction report, customer identity information and transaction record keeping according to law;
(eight) to cooperate with relevant departments to prevent and investigate financial crimes;
(nine) in accordance with the relevant requirements to do a good job in Internet information content management, network and information security related work;
(10) Other obligations stipulated by the banking supervision institution of the State Council and the provincial people's government of industrial and commercial registration.