By studying the details of the contract, the construction enterprise is familiar with the contract unit price or local quota and the detailed contents of relevant documents, and is good at playing "edge ball". For what is going to happen or has happened on the construction site, but it is not clearly stipulated in the contract terms and quota documents, it will exchange opinions with the construction unit and supervision personnel in time in the form of visas, so as to increase the engineering quantity reasonably and increase the cost.
Two, change the issuing subject, improve the credibility of the visa
There are three kinds of visas in the process of engineering construction: design modification notice, on-site economic visa and engineering contact form. These three types of visas have different contents, subjects (issuers) and objects (users), different functions and purposes, and even different importance (credibility) in project settlement.
At present, the credibility of visas issued by design units and construction units in project settlement and price evaluation is higher than that issued by construction units. On-site economic visas are mostly applied by construction units. Because it is common to use visas to pay more for construction projects, the credibility of on-site economic visas is low. Therefore, in order to ensure profits, construction enterprises will turn the visa into a notice of design modification and change issued by the design unit, or an engineering contact form issued by the construction unit, and finally an on-site economic visa.
Third, refine the visa content and fix the visa result.
When filling in the visa form, the construction unit should try to be clear about the signed content and determine the best price. In this way, when the project is completed and settled, the space for the construction unit to subtract will be greatly reduced, and the visa result of the construction unit will be effectively fixed.
When filling out the visa, the construction enterprise shall determine the contents in the following priority order: 1. If you can sign the total price directly, don't sign the unit price; 2. If the unit price can be directly signed, the quantities will not be signed; 3. If you can directly sign the results (including directly signing the quantities), you will not sign the facts; 4. Any drawing (sketch, schematic diagram) cannot be signed in writing.
Construction enterprises should fill in the visa related to expenses in accordance with the principle of facilitating pricing and settlement. If there is a visa settlement agreement, the content to be filled in is consistent with the pricing standard agreed in the agreement; If there is no visa agreement, it shall be priced according to the original contract pricing terms or with reference to the original agreement pricing method. In addition, the visa method should be handled as far as possible around the calculation rules of valuation basis (such as quota).
According to the visa content of different contract types, the construction enterprise should fill in the details as much as possible. The minimum number of contracts with adjustable prices should be signed, the minimum number and unit price of unit price contract should be fixed, and the minimum number, price and expenses of lump sum contract should be fixed. The cost plus compensation contract shall at least include labor, materials (material specifications shall be indicated), machinery (machinery team shall cooperate with labor problems) and expenses, and attach the attached drawings as far as possible. In addition, the visa should also indicate the pre-tax expenses or after-tax expenses.
Fourth, the best time to use the design of the construction unit
When some main parts of the structure have been designed, it is equivalent to helping the design unit to design ancillary structures or some sub-projects with conditions recognized by the construction enterprise and the design unit, such as embedded parts of large structures, structural reinforcement and reinforcement schemes, which is naturally the best opportunity for the construction enterprise to create profits.
Five, let the design unit change the construction method.
When the design requirements are different from the construction methods that the construction enterprises are already familiar with, the construction enterprises strive to change the design methods and adopt methods that save time, labor and machinery, which are beneficial to the construction enterprises to create profits. For example, short-leg shear walls are constructed with large steel formwork instead of composite steel formwork.
Six, increase high-value projects, reduce low-value projects.
Apply to change the difficult and inexpensive (or low-quoted) items in the design drawings, and correspondingly increase the engineering quantity with high quotation, such as removing the eaves gallery decoration, increasing the foundation depth, pile layout density, beam-column section size reinforcement, etc.
Seven, change the additional work as a mandatory requirement.
Let the design unit write the additional work that has been included in the specification (or quota) into the design structure requirements as mandatory requirements, such as 1m concrete pile over-grouting, underground structure 500px. For example, in the design disclosure of a project, it is required that the bored piles are over-poured 1.5m, the rock penetration is 0.6m, and the bidding price of the construction enterprise is the comprehensive unit price. The number of bored piles in the local quota is specified as the design pile length plus a pile diameter, and the factors of over-poured plain concrete have been considered. According to the design requirements, it will increase the cost for the construction enterprise to separately calculate the over-irrigation height of basement foundation1.5m.
Eight, improve the strength grade of concrete, reasonable transfer costs.
In order to catch up with the construction period and improve the strength grade of concrete, the construction enterprise should design a change notice, stating that it is to meet the construction requirements and make improvements. For example, an engineering design is a reinforced concrete floor with a thickness of 100mm, which can meet the load requirements. It is difficult for construction enterprises to bury water and electricity pipelines now. In order to facilitate the construction, it is required to change the design to 120mm thick floor; The original design is C25 grade concrete. In order to dismantle the formwork in advance and speed up the progress, the construction enterprise requires to use C30 grade concrete. Only from the design point of view, the design unit agrees to change the plate thickness from 100mm to 120mm, and C30 is C25. The construction unit thinks that the design has been approved and there will be no problem, and it also indicates the signature. In this way, the floor is thickened by 20mm, and the difference between C30 and C25 grade concrete is borne by the construction unit, which invisibly increases the project cost and the construction unit also achieves the purpose of creating profits. In fact, the problem of thickening the floor by 20mm and using C30 grade concrete is a technical measure in the construction organization design. Experienced construction units have the means to deal with this matter. If the floor is thickened or replaced with high-grade concrete, the price difference will generally be digested by the construction unit and will not be adjusted. Changes can be notified to the design, and the cost can be reasonably passed on to the construction unit.
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