Information information
Meaningful information
2, the definition of communication economics:
Information is the reflection of the state, characteristics and changes of everything in the world, and its highest form is human thought and theory.
3, the method of transmitting information:
Information is spread through the media, including the Internet, television, posters, newspapers and so on.
Future information technology
The 21st century will be the information age. Information technology will realize the combination of microelectronics and optoelectronics in information resources, information processing and information transmission. Intelligent computing, combined with cognitive and brain science, will be applied to a wider and more diverse field, bringing a new way of working and living to mankind.
At present, the development of Internet 2 in China is still in its infancy, and it will show a trend of rapid development in 2 1 century. In China, the number of Internet users increased from 2,654.38 million at the beginning of the year to 6 to 8 million at the end of the year. At this growth rate, some people predict that it will reach nearly 10 million next year. By then, there will be a qualitative change in the whole industry. This qualitative change benefits from the penetration of the Internet into all walks of life and large-scale social benefits. In fact, the Internet has gradually penetrated into various industries in China. In the long run, this penetration will also extend to retail, manufacturing and traditional commercial fields.
In the future, the Internet economy will embody two core values. The first is scale and popularity. The understanding of the Internet has gradually spread from a few people to people's lives and become an important part of people's lives. The other is the combination and penetration with traditional industries. Internet business will gradually penetrate into all traditional industries from simply focusing on IT industry, and become a part of the progress of all walks of life, even a booster. These two cores are the real exertion of the Internet value and a trend of the whole Internet development in the future.
Edit the information in this communication section.
From the philosophical point of view, information is the existence or expression of the movement of things, and it is the universal attribute of all substances, which actually includes the representation of all material movements. The information of communication is anything that can reduce or eliminate the uncertainty in a situation, and it is a spiritual creation of human beings.
Characteristics of information: objectivity and universality, expressiveness and fluidity.
Functions of information: cognitive function and social function.
Information society: also known as post-industrial society, refers to the information society, that is, the whole society is characterized by using information theory and technology to deal with practical problems in breadth and depth.
Informatization: It can be understood as the process that information technology and electronic information equipment are widely used in economic and social activities to develop and utilize information resources more effectively, promote economic development and social progress, and make the labor value created by using information resources (information economy added value) gradually rise in the gross national product until it occupies a dominant position; It can be understood as a new economic and social pattern relative to industrialization. In this new pattern, information, as the basis of management, the basis of decision-making and the first element of competition, has become a more important resource than material and energy. It can be understood as a new stage of cultural development.
The most direct form of informatization is information technology;
1 has brought great changes to the industrial structure, which are shown as follows: on the basis of modern information technology, a large number of emerging industries have emerged that were not available before the industrial revolution; The traditional industrial system has entered a period of decline, and the transformation of it by information technology has become the way out for traditional industries to gain respect; The development of service industry makes it more and more dominant in the national economy;
2. It has brought about changes in the structure of production factors and management forms. In modern society, the role of knowledge and technology in the structure of production factors has been greatly enhanced and become the primary productive force, while the role of material data and capital has been relatively weakened.
3. Accelerating the process of economic internationalization, on the one hand, is manifested in the internationalization of the development of modern information technology itself, on the other hand, it is manifested in the promotion of modern information technology to the whole economic internationalization; 4. It leads to the change of social structure, which is manifested in the decentralized trend of urbanization, the strengthening of family social functions, the increase of knowledge and high-tech occupations in the professional structure, and the changes in working methods and lifestyles.
In the management information system, information is defined as: information is the exchange of knowledge about objective facts.
The latest definition of information: information refers to excluding the contingency of material movement (copying Shannon's definition, the old definition); Its characteristics are: transitivity, enjoyment, dependence and treatability, value relativity, timeliness and authenticity; Data is the carrier of information.
Information is invisible and intangible. It seems different from a real existence. For example, it is different from tools held in the hand and food eaten in the mouth. But people are more and more aware of the importance of information, and its value even far exceeds many things that can be seen and touched. If we regard the history of human development as a trajectory and extend it according to a certain purpose, we will find that it is moving in the direction of expanding information. The society with little information and low communication efficiency develops slowly, and the stagnation of information growth is social stagnation, which can even remain unchanged for thousands of years; A society with a large amount of information and high communication efficiency has a fast development speed. You can travel thousands of miles in one day, and the development in one year exceeds that in the past hundred years. The explosion of information has accelerated the progress of human society to an incredible degree. Mankind is stepping into the information society. Information is a great power to promote social progress. The traditional form of information dissemination is changing, and this change is profound. People receive a lot of information from TV, radio, newspapers, telephones, books, magazines, computers and other media every day. Our ancestors may not get as much information as we do. The dissemination of information is no longer limited by time and region. The ability of human beings expands with the increase of information. The rapid dissemination of information leads to the development of science and technology, which provides a new means for the dissemination of information. The appearance of computer and optical fiber finally led to the arrival of a global networking era, which made information spread from the natural kingdom to the free kingdom. Today's middle school students can use computers to complete tasks that mathematicians all over the world could not do many years ago in just a few minutes. Before the advent of the global computer internet, even with modern postal services, it took a month or so for a letter to cross the Pacific Ocean, while an email only took a few seconds. Today's computer communication technology enables people in any corner of the earth to work face to face at the same time.
Modern society is transforming from a post-industrial society to an information society. People in the past can't imagine what our society is like today, nor can we imagine what our society will be like tomorrow. Information is emerging from the hazy background of human civilization and becoming the most authentic and perceptible thing. Information is the blood of civilization, because of its surging, human beings have unlimited vitality.
What is information? (Nothing, I still don't know what information is)
People are talking about information everywhere, and we hear the word information more and more. We have heard that we have entered an information society, we are moving towards an information expressway, and we are about to usher in a new era of information explosion.
So what is information? Logical cycle, not clearly explained, for example: information is news, news is information. What information is it or I don't know! )
Broadly speaking, information is news. Everything exists with information. For human beings, human facial features are born to feel information. They are the recipients of information, and everything they feel is information. But a lot of information can't be directly felt by our five senses, and human beings are inventing various instruments to perceive and find it by various means.
Today, mankind has entered an information age, and the spread of information has greatly changed people's lives. The development of human society is dazzling.
However, people generally refer to information exchange. Information can be exchanged, and it is useless if it cannot be exchanged. Information can also be stored and used. The books you read, the music you listen to, the things you see, the things you think and the things you do are all information.
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Information is the foundation of the development of human civilization.
All human knowledge and stories are information.
Information is the information and news transmitted by all human survival activities and natural existence. The accumulation and dissemination of information is the basis of the progress of human civilization.
The three foundations for the survival and development of human society are material, energy and information. The world is made of matter, energy is the motive force of all material movements, and information is the evidence for human beings to understand nature and human society.
This is a rock painting left over from ancient times. The characters in it look like cosmic people, wearing fat robes, bowls of helmets and antennas. This mysterious information makes people daydream today.
This is China's Tang Xuanzang, who went to the Western Heaven to learn Buddhist scriptures in the Tang Dynasty. He went through a lot of hardships and went not far to Wan Li just to get something unknown. Human needs for information often exceed everything.
Cameras have been used to record images for many years. Before that, we could not see the true face of people in the past except through painting.
Information falls into three categories.
There are many ways to classify information. People generally divide it into cosmic information, earth natural information and human social information.
Cosmic information refers to all kinds of electromagnetic wave information constantly emitted by stars and information emitted by planets through reflection, forming direct propagation information and reflection propagation information.
Earth's natural information refers to all kinds of actions and forms of creatures on the earth for reproduction and survival, all kinds of information about biological movement and information about the movement of inanimate matter.
Human social information refers to the indirect information about the objective world expressed by human beings through gestures, eyes, language, words, charts, graphics and images.
Ten characteristics of information
Information has a basic feature:
Measurable. Information can be measured and encoded in a certain unit of measurement. Such as the binary used by modern computers.
Recognizable. Information can be grasped in many ways, such as intuitive identification, comparative identification and indirect identification.
Convertible. Information can be converted from one form to another. For example, natural information can be converted into language, characters, images, electromagnetic wave signals or computer codes.
Storeable. Information can be stored. The brain is a natural information storage. Words, photography, audio recording, video recording and computer memory invented by human beings can store information.
Processed. The human brain is the best information processor. The thinking function of the human brain can carry out various information processing activities such as decision-making, design, research, writing, improvement, invention and creation. Computers also have information processing functions.
Transferable. The transmission of information is carried out simultaneously with the transmission of matter and energy. Language, expressions, actions, newspapers, books, radio, television, telephone, etc. Is a common way of information transmission.
Renewable. After the information is processed, it can be regenerated in other forms. If natural information is processed manually, it can be reproduced by language or graphics. Input all kinds of data, words and other information into the computer, and reproduce them by means of display, printing and drawing.
Compressible. Information can be compressed and different information can be used to describe the same thing. People often use as little information as possible to describe the main features of a thing.
Available. Information has certain validity and availability.
Can be enjoyed by * *. Information is diffuse, so it can be enjoyed.
Information dissemination
Need to spread information. If information can't spread, the existence of information will lose its meaning. So what is communication?
Sending information and receiving information is the spread of information. When we talk, write articles and do things, we are all spreading; When we listen to other people's speeches, read articles written by others and understand what others are doing, we are accepting communication. We have knowledge because we live in an information dissemination society.
In human society, communication seems to be a ghost, which is everywhere. Therefore, without communication, there would be no society and human beings would not survive.
When a person is alone, communication is actually going on. Meditation is an inner communication; Thinking is to discuss with yourself and convey some information; Keeping a diary or reading a book is a kind of communication. In human society, communication is everywhere.
Three main forms of information dissemination
When human beings have the means of transmitting information such as language, writing and painting, they get rid of the ignorance of animals and enter a civilized society. Because the exchange of information enables human beings to master more experience and knowledge, so as to move forward.
Language uses sound to convey information, characters use text symbols to convey information, and painting uses images to convey information. Sound, symbols and images have become the main forms of human communication. Only through this expression can human beings communicate and understand each other. Therefore, we can say that sound, symbols and images are three unique forms of information.
Human information activities have undergone five major changes.
The evolutionary history of human beings is also an evolutionary history of human information activities. In the whole development of human history, it has experienced three major information changes. Every information change has greatly promoted the development of human society and brought great progress. This information revolution is followed by: the birth of language, the birth of characters, the birth of printing, the use of electromagnetic waves and computer technology. They divided human history into an information age.
The appearance of language marks a leap in the scope and efficiency of human information activities, which improves human information activities from concrete to abstract. Words break the limitation of time and space, and make information pass longer and farther. The invention of printing greatly expanded the speed and scope of human information transmission, further strengthened the storage capacity of human information, and initially realized large-scale information sharing. The realization of telecommunication revolution is an epoch-making progress of mankind. Information technology in the modern sense came into being and developed after the telecommunication revolution. The emergence of new computers and the combination with communication technology have made information processing integrated and automated for the first time, thus realizing the fifth information revolution in human history.
With the development of human society, different times will face different problems, and related information has become a topic of special concern.
Edit this information industry
Information industry refers to the industry that converts information into commodities. It includes not only software, database, various wireless communication services and online information services, but also the publication of traditional newspapers, books, movies and audio-visual products. The production of computers and communication equipment will no longer be included, and it will be listed as a branch of manufacturing.
IT industry, which is dominated by computer and communication equipment industry, is usually called information industry, also called the fourth industry.
The information industry is divided into four industries: publishing industry, film and record industry, radio and television and communication industry, information service and data processing service industry.
China's information industry has not developed for a long time. Due to different analysis angles, standards and statistical caliber, there are many different views on the definition and division of information industry.
Professor Wu, a quantitative economist and information economist in China, believes that the information industry is an industry that serves the industry, and it is the general name of enterprises, institutions and related internal institutions engaged in the production of information products and services, the construction of information systems and the manufacture of information technology equipment. At the same time, he thinks that the information industry can be divided into broad sense and narrow sense. In a narrow sense, information industry refers to the production department directly or indirectly related to electronic computers. Information industry in a broad sense refers to all production departments related to collection, storage, retrieval, organization, processing and information transmission.
Qu, a Chinese scholar, believes that the information industry is the general name of industrial departments specializing in information technology development, research and production of equipment and products, and providing information services for social and economic life. It is an industrial group that includes information collection, production, detection, conversion, storage, transmission, processing, distribution and application. Basically, it mainly includes information industry (including computer equipment manufacturing, communication and network equipment and other information equipment manufacturing), information service industry and information development industry (including software industry, database development industry, electronic publishing industry and other content service industries).
Although there are various viewpoints, there are generally three different viewpoints: broad, narrow and moderate. In a broad sense, under the influence of the theories of Mahlup and Polat, the information industry refers to everything and information production; Circulation and utilization of related industries, including information services and information technology, scientific research, education, publishing, news and other departments. In a narrow sense, influenced by the structural division of information industry in Japan, information industry refers to comprehensive production activities and basic institutions engaged in the research, development and application of information technology, the manufacture of information equipment and devices, and providing information services for economic development and social needs. The information industry structure is divided into two parts: one is information technology and equipment manufacturing, and the other is information service industry. Another scholar believes that the information industry is the information service industry, which is composed of activities that take data and information as production, processing, transmission and service, including data processing industry, information providing industry, software industry, system integration industry, consulting industry and so on.