The purpose of architectural environmental art design is to create an environmental atmosphere with certain thoughts and feelings, so that it can actively cultivate people's sentiments or arouse emotional waves, and then people can get profound lessons or be happy physically and mentally. There are many classic architectural environment arts in history, such as magnificent palace architecture environment, solemn and deep mausoleum architecture environment, quiet and profound ancient temple architecture environment, elegant and exquisite garden architecture environment. Magnificent and solemn memorial architectural environment, tragic and tragic martyrs cemetery environment, their creations make full use of various sensory means to serve the theme, and the use of color is even more ingenious. Color plays a very important role in environmental art.
Color is an important visual element in the environment, which conveys the information and language of the architectural environment together with visual elements such as shape and light. It exists attached to other elements and is closely connected with other elements. Compared with other visual elements, color is more intuitive, vivid and emotional.
How to use color scientifically and artistically in the process of building environment, first of all, we must make clear the characteristics of color and several main color relationships: the contrast and attraction of color, the relationship between architectural color and modeling, and the combination (configuration) of various tones in environmental color.
First, the contrast and attraction of architectural colors.
Color does not exist in isolation in the environment. On the one hand, it is because it is attached to some specific objects and expressed through the shapes of these objects. On the other hand, when the background color and adjacent color are very complicated in the environment. The visual effect of color often depends on the synthesis of color, shape and material in the environment, as well as the relationship between color and light, color and color, so that people in this environment can feel its existence and charm.
1. Color contrast and assimilation: The phenomenon that two colors influence each other and emphasize the display difference in environmental colors is called color contrast. The color contrast produced when watching two adjacent or similar colors at the same time is called simultaneous contrast. If the color attributes inside or outside the building change, there will be a contrast between the attributes. If the hue and chroma are the same, there is brightness contrast; If the hue and lightness are the same, there will be chromaticity contrast; If lightness and chroma are the same, colors are relative. There must be a difference between the two colors, and there must be an interaction at the same time. For example, gray on a black background looks brighter than gray on a white background. Another example is to draw dense black lines and white lines on two gray background maps respectively. The gray basemap in the black line is dark, while the gray basemap in the white line is light.
2. Color attraction: The attraction of color is essentially the relationship between the target color and the background color, which is an important feature different from other visual elements. The reason why environmental color can attract people's attention is that color itself is attractive, which makes objects have strong identifiability. "Seduction", also called "attention", means that the eyes don't want to see but unconsciously notice an object. In the environmental color, a specific object or shape is easy to see from a distance, while others are not. In the former case, the visual effect produced by the temptation of color is used.
The attraction of architectural color is mainly influenced by color tone. According to the experimental results of attracting five colors of light, the attracting order is: red >; Blue > yellow > green > white. For the color of objects, red is better than yellow. Therefore, red light is used for traffic signs, which makes use of the strongest attraction of red and is safer for traffic than other colors. Yellow is also very attractive, often representing safety and vigilance. Designers use red columns in interior design, and red carpets in stairwells and corridors use red to create eye-catching effects. In landscape color design, we should also use some bright colors, such as colored neon lights, and do some colorful sketches to attract tourists' attention.
Whether the architectural color is attractive or not mainly depends on the relationship between itself and its background color. Different background colors have different attractive tones. According to the high chroma of the main color, the experimental results show that the attractive color order is yellow > on the background of black and medium gray; Yellow red > red. On the white background, the order of attraction is: red >; Yellow red > yellow. In addition, the color brightness contrast of cool color system is effective and easy to see. However, the contrast of color lightness does not necessarily mean that it is attractive. In addition, a feature that should be paid special attention to in design-color is a dynamic and harmonious process in the environment. The attraction of color is not only the brightness of individual color, but also the relationship between it and other elements and background color. In architecture, people use red in their houses. Whether in the open green space or in the dense forest, red can make people see things in a blur and attract people's attention. Because the contrast effect of red and green complementary colors is obvious, it gives people a good sense of visual stimulation and makes the building itself recognizable.
There is no distinction between beauty and ugliness in color itself, and the charm of color lies in the coordination of color and color. Give full play to the advantages of color over other visual elements, closely combine with environmental atmosphere, architectural space and form composition, and create a high-level environmental art. At the beginning of the twentieth century, it was called the "era of color", and color received unprecedented attention and application. As the most common existence in the whole life perception essence of contemporary people, color almost affects the time and space in the process of human life.
Second, the relationship between architectural color and modeling
Modeling and color are two major elements in human visual art activities. How to create the ultimate expression of color and modeling is the benchmark for artists at home and abroad. In architectural environmental engineering, people are more concerned about modeling than color, and often tend to ignore the special role of color in spatial modeling. They often think that color is a secondary factor attached to the existence of form, and even mistakenly think that color is only a decorative additional factor.
There is an interdependent relationship between color and modeling. If modeling is the body of the object and color is the coat of the object, then the unity and integration of the two can fully express the meaning of the object. As the visual language of aesthetic information carrier, architecture presents visual value in the form of visual symbol combination through physical expression. In the expression of architectural modeling language, color becomes the expression tool of object shape and the element of emotional symbol. With its unique function and perfect coordination, it is easy for people to distinguish architectural aesthetics from emotion.
1. the relationship between color and material: the elements of object modeling are closely related to color, mainly the material and processing degree and the area of color. color is closely related to the nature and processing degree of material, and has a very close relationship with the application and effect of color.
Color is one of the natural properties of materials, and all kinds of materials have their natural characteristics and have strong affinity with the natural environment. With the progress of science and technology and the development of materials science, more and more materials are used in design, including newly discovered natural materials and newly created artificial materials. Therefore, as the expression of architectural aesthetic emotion, color is more colorful. The texture and texture of various materials enrich the expressive force of color.
The texture of a material is the roughness or smoothness of its surface. The surface texture of some materials has the function of increasing color, on the contrary, it has the function of diluting color. For example, dark wood with obvious texture can emphasize its own color. The surface of patterned material is suitable for strong stimulus color, and vice versa. Glossy material surface can emphasize the color expression effect, while concave-convex texture inhibits the color expression effect. On the other hand, because the reflectivity of rough materials is relatively low, the color on rough surface materials looks slightly stronger than that on smooth materials. Conversely, color also has a certain effect on changing the visual effect of materials. Because color has the characteristics of cold and warm, far and near, soft and hard, light and heavy, using appropriate color on a certain material can change the feeling of the material relatively. For example, the stump-shaped cement pier in the landscape environment can be painted in a very comfortable stump color with warm yellow-brown paint. Decorating the ground with paving blocks with bright colors can increase the beautification effect of the landscape, create the fun of walking and become an effective visual guide in the environment.
2. Area effect of color: Once an objective object image is imaged on the retina, no matter it is a point, a line, a surface or a body, it occupies an area. Without area, it is impossible to image, and without area, there is no sense of figure, so the visual area is an indispensable factor for the existence of color. The size of visual area has a great relationship with the study of color psychology. Large visual area and strong psychological effect; The visual area is small and the psychological effect is weak. People's feelings and emotional reactions to colors vary from region to region, and the differences are obvious. For example, a square centimeter of bright red will make people feel bright and lovely; A square centimeter of bright red will make people feel excited and difficult to be quiet; When 100 square centimeter of red surrounds us, we will feel excessive stimulation, irritability, fatigue, anxiety and even hysteria.
In the outdoor environment of building environmental engineering, the usage of color is generally large, and the area has a great influence on the effect of color. The larger the color block, the stronger the color sense. Generally speaking, a color that looks very light on a small color board may make people feel bright and heavy once it is painted on the wall. When using colors in buildings, except for small areas decorated with strong and bright colors, the chromaticity should generally be reduced, otherwise it is difficult to obtain the expected visual effect.
Third, the configuration relationship of environmental colors
Color itself is not absolutely beautiful or ugly. It should be said that there is only ugly tissue, not ugly. Its beauty lies in the combination of colors. We study colors to reveal their "relationship" and emphasize their "organization" function. There are several configuration relationships often used in color configuration relationships, such as similar hue, contrast hue, adjacent hue, chromaticity system and achromatic system. When the form of color matching is consistent with people's psychological form, people will feel harmonious and happy.
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