Keywords: whole process control of project cost
I. Project Decision-making and Design Stage
First, we should pay enough attention to the accumulation of information, especially the estimation of indicators.
The so-called estimation index refers to data, information, specifications and so on. This is the basis for the preparation of investment estimates. In order to fully reflect the comprehensiveness and universality of indicators, the existing indicator system must be revised, updated and supplemented in time according to actual needs when estimating indicators.
Second, while reasonably and timely estimating the benefits and risks during and after the project construction, we should also put forward countermeasures and preventive measures to ensure the sufficiency and rationality of investment estimation. It should be noted that in order to ensure the comprehensiveness, accuracy and rationality of the estimation, effective measures must be taken to prevent overestimation.
The focus of project construction and investment control is shifted from decision-making to design after project decision-making, because design has a direct impact on project investment and construction period. Therefore, in the whole process of project cost control, design should be the focus. In the design stage, the combination of technology and economy is the most commonly used method. It is mainly emphasized that cost control must be carried out at all stages of the whole design, such as scheme design, preliminary design, technical design and construction drawing design, and investment should be increased to lay a solid foundation for giving full play to the role of project investment control.
Second, the bidding stage
First, prepare the bidding scheme.
When preparing the bidding scheme, the construction bid sections must be reasonably divided, mainly based on the design drawing scheme, construction scheme and sub-project cost.
Second, prepare the list and pre-tender estimate.
1. When compiling the list, it is necessary to take the requirements of light pricing specifications as the basis, and at the same time, it is necessary to reasonably divide the majors and departments and make detailed partial items. For example, for a park composed of five plots, several methods are used for each plot in the form of pavement. Therefore, when compiling the list, it is necessary to avoid using the same process items to summarize and then itemize, and to itemize according to different pavement forms of the plot, so as to make the cost control and change cost accounting in the construction stage more convenient.
2, combined with the actual situation, we must fully consider the necessary measures to avoid future claims. For example, there are many uncertainties in some municipal projects, and some measures such as access roads and drainage generally take the form of lump sum. If the measures are not considered enough and the reserve price is too low, it will affect the bidding decision of the bidder, lead to malicious price reduction, reduce the quality of the project due to cutting corners in the construction stage, or increase the claim in the construction stage.
Third, prepare the tender documents. Project bidding includes two aspects: equipment and material procurement bidding and construction bidding. The bidding documents define the principles and procedures of construction bidding, standardize and guide all aspects of construction bidding, and specify in detail the whole process of construction project from project application to contract signing. As the tender documents are also an integral part of the contract documents, they have the same legal effect, and are the basis for the bidding quotation of the construction unit, the basis for both parties to sign the contract, and the basis for settlement of claims after completion, and they are also in the forefront in the order of legal interpretation. Therefore, the preparation of bidding documents should be very rigorous and accurate, and each item should be explained in detail.
Third, the construction stage.
The key points of cost control in the construction stage are: making a plan for the use of funds in the construction stage, measuring the project according to the prescribed procedures, and strictly controlling the payment; According to the relevant provisions of the construction contract and construction drawings. Analyze the risk of project cost target and formulate preventive countermeasures; Strictly control engineering changes and strive to reduce the cost of changes; Actively coordinate the relationship between the parties concerned, timely carry out the measurement acceptance of the completed project according to the contract, issue a payment voucher for the project after passing the contract, and urge the construction unit to pay the project progress payment in time to avoid inducing project claims; Collect and sort out relevant construction and supervision materials in time to provide basis for handling cost claims; Timely statistics of the actual completed engineering quantity, dynamic comparison of actual investment and planned investment, and regular reporting of project investment dynamics to relevant parties; Keep abreast of the national price adjustment trends and adjust the contract price reasonably.
Fourth, the completion settlement and post-evaluation stage
Completion settlement is an important basis for reasonably determining the project cost, and both the construction unit and the owner attach great importance to the audit settlement of the project price. At the same time, the audit of completion settlement is also the last link to control investment. The project cost consulting unit has two very important points in this link:
Second, the three-level review in the audit process should be concrete, not a mere formality. Because the engineering audit involves a wide range, a large number and high technical quality requirements, there are inevitably calculation errors and judgment deviations in the audit process. In order to prevent audit risks, the project cost consulting unit should determine the three-level review system of project director, technical director and consulting unit director, check the working papers step by step, and finally hand over a reasonable audit report on completion settlement, so as to truly determine the project cost reasonably and effectively control it.
The post-evaluation stage of construction project is also a link in which engineering cost consulting units seldom participate. Generally speaking, the cost consulting unit should do a good job in three aspects:
First, data accumulation, analysis and collation. A construction project has gone through a long construction cycle from project initiation to putting into use, which has produced a large number of project cost data. We professionals in cost consultation should take these data seriously, analyze and screen them according to the actual situation, and get the factors that affect the project cost.
[2] Zhang Xueren, Wang Zhongshan: On the project cost management of construction enterprises [J]. Shanxi Architecture, 2009, (13).
[3] Zhu Weidong: Research on Construction Cost Control [J]. Shanxi Architecture, 2009, (16).