Parking spaces: 398 (23 above ground and 375 underground), parking spaces ratio11total quantity: 398 ratio: 23:398 above ground parking spaces: 23 above ground parking spaces: 200,000 yuan/piece; Land rental price: 1, 500 yuan/month. The representative of this kind of architecture advocates that architects should get rid of the shackles of traditional architectural forms and boldly create brand-new buildings that meet the conditions and requirements of industrialized society, which has distinct rationalism and radicalism. Also known as modernist architecture. In English literature, ModernArchitecture is represented by capital letters, while modern architecture represented by lowercase letters represents "modern" buildings in this time range.
Modernist architectural thoughts originated in the late19th century, matured in the 1920s, and swept the world in the 1950s and 1960s. Since the 1960s, some people think that modernist architecture is out of date, and some people think that the basic principles of modernist architecture are still correct, but they need to be revised and supplemented. Since 1970s, when referring to modernist architecture, some documents have been labeled as "1920s" or "orthodox".
German architect W Gropius is the headmaster of Bauhaus. Under his leadership, Bauhaus became one of the most radical art and architectural centers in Europe in the 1920s, which promoted the architectural innovation movement. French architect le corbusier published the book Towards New Architecture in 1923, and enthusiastically advocated the creation of new architecture reflecting the spirit of the times. German architect L. Mies van der Rohe published a series of articles in the early 1920s, expounding new ideas and showing the features of future buildings with schematic diagrams. In the mid-1920s, Gropius, le corbusier, Mies van der Rohe and others designed and built some buildings with novel styles. These include the Bauhaus school building in Gropius (1925 ~ 1926), the savoy villa in Le Corbusier (1928 ~ 193 1), the Swiss student dormitory in Paris and the design scheme of the League of Nations building in Geneva designed by Ms. Under the influence of these three architects, in the late 1920s, some young European architects, such as Finnish architect A Aalto, also designed some excellent new buildings.
Different from academic architects, Gropius and others are concerned about the housing that ordinary residents need in large quantities, and some people have made scientific research on it. From 65438 to 0927, a residential exhibition was held in Stuttgart, Germany, under the auspices of Mies van der Rohe, which had a great influence on the research work of residential buildings and the formation of new architectural styles. In 1928, 42 representatives of innovative architects from 12 countries gathered in Switzerland and established the International Association of Modern Architecture. One by one, "modernist architecture" also spread everywhere.
From the speeches and practical works of Gropius, le corbusier, Mies Van Derro and others, we can see some basic viewpoints of "Modernist Architecture" advocated by them:
① Emphasize that architecture should keep pace with the times and modern architecture should adapt to industrialized society. Gropius said: "We live in an era of great changes ... The most important thing in our work is to keep up with the development trend."
② Emphasize that architects should study and solve practical functions and economic problems of buildings. In view of academic architects' contempt for practicality and economy, Mies van der Rohe said, "We must meet the needs of our times for realism and functionalism." He also said: "As long as our practical house can truly reflect the times and has perfect functions, it is worthy of being called a building." Le corbusier called on architects to get inspiration from the design of ships, cars and planes: "Everything is based on reasonable analysis and problem solving."
(3) Advocate the active adoption of new materials and new structures, and give full play to the characteristics of new materials and new structures in architectural design. 19 10, Gropius suggested building houses in an industrialized way. Ludwig mies van der rohe believes: "The industrialization of building methods is a key issue for architects and builders at present." Throughout his life, he tirelessly explored the architectural characteristics of steel and glass. Le corbusier strives to give full play to the performance of reinforced concrete materials. They set many examples in using these building materials.
(4) advocate resolutely getting rid of the shackles of outdated architectural styles and creating new architectural styles. Mies van der Rohe said: "There is no way out to use the form of the past era in our buildings. Even with the highest artistic talent, this will fail. " Gropius said, "We can't go back to the ancients endlessly. If the building does not advance, it will die. "
⑤ Advocating the development of new architectural aesthetics and creating new architectural styles. The representative figures of modernist architecture advocate new architectural aesthetic principles. Including the unity of expression and construction means; Coordination between architectural form and internal function; The logic of architectural image; Flexible and balanced asymmetric composition; Simple manipulation and pure body shape; Absorb the new achievements of visual art in architectural art.
Some people call these architectural views "functionalism", others "rationalism", and now more people call them "modernism". In the 1920s and 1930s, the architectural works designed by architects with modernist architectural ideas had some similar formal features, such as flat roofs, asymmetrical layout, smooth white walls, simple eaves treatment, glass windows of different sizes, little or no decorative shapes and so on. Such an architectural image appeared in many countries for a time, so someone named it "International Architecture". Of course, the name is in some superficial forms.
In 1930s, modernist architectural ideas spread rapidly from Western Europe to other parts of the world. Due to the hostility of the German fascist regime to the new architectural concept, Gropius and Mies van der Rohe were forced to emigrate to the United States. Bauhaus school was closed. However, Bauhaus's teaching content and design ideas have had a far-reaching impact on architectural education all over the world. Modernist architectural thought is first carried out in practical types such as factory buildings, primary and secondary schools, hospitals, libraries and a large number of residential buildings. In 1950s, it was also realized in memorial and national buildings, such as the United Nations Headquarters Building and the Parliament Building. By the middle of the 20th century, modernism had occupied a dominant position in the world architectural trend.
Since the late 1960s, there has been a trend of thinking in western architectural circles that doubts and criticizes modernism.