It is inevitable that the quality problems of construction projects will occur with the construction. But once the quality problem appears, it will be irreversible, and even if remedial measures are taken, it is impossible to fully achieve the expected results. The causes and manifestations of engineering quality problems are different, some are caused by lax quality control in the construction process, some are caused by unreasonable working procedures, some are caused by unqualified raw materials, some are caused by weak quality awareness of construction personnel and inadequate supervision of supervisors. As quality supervisors in the field of construction engineering, we must know how to supervise and control the quality of construction engineering.
1 Frequently Asked Questions on Quality Supervision of Construction Projects
Since the reform and opening up, the supervision and management of construction quality of construction projects has been highly concerned and valued by the state. Only qualified construction quality can guarantee the service life and safety of the building after delivery. At present, although a series of management measures have been implemented in the process of engineering quality supervision, and certain quality supervision and management effects have been achieved, there are still some shortcomings.
1. 1 The laws and regulations on quality supervision of construction projects are still not perfect.
At present, the quality supervision and management of construction projects in China is mainly based on the relevant laws and regulations promulgated and implemented in China and some local regulations. However, judging from the current laws and regulations on quality supervision and management of construction projects in China, a relatively perfect system has not yet been formed. Therefore, in the actual process of project quality supervision and management, there is no strong punishment basis for illegal acts of project quality. Therefore, it is urgent to establish and improve the laws and regulations on quality supervision and management of construction projects in China.
1.2 The quality consciousness of engineering construction enterprises is weak.
Another important factor that affects the quality supervision and management of construction projects is that the quality consciousness of construction enterprises is relatively weak at present, which leads them to not really pay attention to the quality management of construction projects in their work, and there is also the phenomenon of subcontracting management. At the same time, because its bad behavior has not been publicized through effective construction quality supervision, the supervision and management of construction quality by the competent authorities has also weakened. At present, there is a common problem of cooperation in the construction industry, which also increases the difficulty of quality supervision. Even if the cooperative construction unit has a strong sense of quality, because the actual project construction party is the contractor, the construction unit often can't control it, or simply neglects management. This has caused many problems, such as: unlicensed construction, the previous division forced the construction of the next division without acceptance, and the materials were used without inspection, which violated the construction procedures; Not according to the figure construction, change at will; Using fake and shoddy building materials; Forgery of engineering data. These phenomena make the quality supervision of construction projects face a severe test.
1.3 Lack of responsibility of construction engineering supervision institutions
The supervision system has been implemented in China for more than 20 years, but supervision is actually an embarrassing role in the construction industry. First, because most construction units have on-site management representatives, the supervision is actually only equivalent to the subordinates of the on-site representatives of the construction units, and the supervision is not given enough power, and the supervision work basically has no autonomy, and it needs to follow the instructions of the construction units, and the supervision system is not fully implemented; Second, at present, the competition in China is fierce, and many supervision companies get business at low prices. In order to save costs, the result is a shortage of on-site personnel, and the supervision work of the supervisor can not meet the expected requirements. What's more, some construction units are in arrears with the supervision fees of the supervision company, which leads to the financial difficulties of the supervision company for a period of time and even the inability to pay the wages of the supervisors, which makes the supervision company unable to supervise the project normally, and ultimately leaves hidden dangers for the project quality.
1.4 The degree of informatization needs to be improved.
With the increasing scale of the project, the construction period is correspondingly lengthened, the construction process is becoming more and more complicated, and more and more units and departments are involved, which puts forward higher requirements for project supervision. Problems in any link and any department in engineering construction may affect the engineering quality. This requires strengthening information sharing and information exchange in the process of engineering construction, so as to control the engineering quality more effectively and strengthen the supervision of the engineering quality. However, due to various reasons, the information level in the field of engineering construction is not high at present, which leads to poor information exchange channels between related units of construction projects and between related units and construction administrative departments, and insufficient information enjoyment, which leads to information asymmetry among various departments and seriously affects the quality supervision and management of construction projects.
2 measures to strengthen the quality supervision of construction projects
In view of the problems existing in construction project supervision, effective measures should be taken to improve the laws and regulations on project quality supervision, strengthen the quality consciousness of construction units, strengthen the power and responsibility of project supervision, and improve the informatization level in the field of engineering construction.
2. 1 Improve the laws and regulations on project quality supervision
With the progress of society, the legal system in various fields is becoming more and more perfect. However, the construction of legal system is a long-term process with no end. It is always progressing with the changes in the situation of various industries, and so is the field of engineering construction. Since the reform and opening up, a series of laws, regulations and rules have been promulgated in the field of engineering construction in China, such as the Building Law and the Regulations on Quality Management of Construction Projects, and a lot of fruitful work has been done in formulating, promulgating, modifying and supplementing the mandatory technical standards for engineering construction. However, from the actual situation, there are still some problems that need to be further improved in the existing laws on quality management of engineering construction. First of all, we should work hard on the operability of laws and regulations and the adaptability to the current construction market. So as to gradually change the general and vague implementation basis and lag behind the development of the times in China's current quality laws and regulations, and truly put the responsibility system for engineering quality behavior into the legal track. Secondly, we should constantly reform and innovate the current technical standard system for construction projects, and change the disadvantages of long preparation period, long review period, long release period and long revision period in the process of formulating technical standards. Thirdly, in the process of legal revision, the quality and technical links should be adapted to the legal profession.
2.2 Strengthen the supervision of the construction unit and improve the quality awareness of the construction unit.
For cooperation and illegal subcontracting in the construction field, penalties should be increased, and those who cause major quality accidents should be investigated for criminal responsibility; Those who violate the construction procedures in the process of engineering construction, such as entering the main construction without completing the acceptance of the basic division, should severely punish the construction enterprises and reduce some bonus items in the bidding market; For the use of counterfeit and shoddy products in the project, it is necessary to punish not only the construction enterprises, but also the supervision units and suppliers to limit the market access of suppliers in the region; Strengthen the audit of engineering data, and find the situation of data fraud, that is, deduct points and punish enterprises in the integrity evaluation system.
2.3 Strengthening the rights and responsibilities of supervision
The implementation of supervision system is a great progress in the field of engineering construction. Supervision can supervise the project quality from an objective third-party perspective, which plays a considerable role in improving the project quality. Therefore, we should improve the status of China's supervision and strengthen the legal and policy construction of the supporting supervision system. Standardize the supervision market, avoid the misunderstanding that the supervision industry enters the vicious competition with low prices, and guide the supervision market into a benign operation track, thus improving the treatment of supervisors and attracting more high-quality talents to enter the supervision industry. The state can regulate and restrain the supervision industry by formulating policies, increase the punishment for violators, and make supervisors do their duty. Strengthen the autonomy and independence of supervision work, reduce the intervention of construction units in supervision work, and give full play to its functions.
2.4 improve the information level of project supervision
At present, the quality supervision of engineering construction has generally realized basic informatization, including: the application of Internet-based database technology, and the massive supervision and law enforcement information generated in the process of quality supervision, including graphic, audio and video materials, can be effectively stored and quickly queried; The advanced detection system and video monitoring system can cover the whole detection link and the construction site and monitor the quality of the construction site in real time. Moreover, in today's rapid technological progress, quality supervision must make use of advanced information technologies such as mobile Internet and cloud computing to develop a standardized quality supervision law enforcement system, formulate a matching quality supervision law enforcement model, and improve the quality supervision management level and work efficiency by means of informationization.
To sum up, the quality of construction projects is a major issue related to the national economy and people's livelihood. As a quality supervision department, we must keep pace with the times, improve the efficiency of quality supervision in all directions, strengthen law enforcement, improve the quality supervision level by means of information technology, realize effective supervision of the quality of construction projects, and constantly explore new supervision methods to fulfill our due responsibilities for improving the quality of construction projects.
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