Weifang kite and Weifang folk art clay sculpture, embroidery, jewelry and woodcut New Year pictures learn from each other, promote each other and set each other off. Weifang kite has been popular among the people since the Song Dynasty, especially in the Ming Dynasty. Weifang kite is a combination of locality and artistic tradition, as well as practicality and aesthetics. It is closely related to people's lifestyle and social customs. Weifang kite has a strong local life flavor and lively charm. Strike up a conversation skill is to learn from the strengths of others, and constantly try and innovate boldly. Especially in the modeling structure and painting color of kites, the production technology of woodcut New Year pictures is transplanted to kites, and the traditional skills of Chinese painting are applied to the drawing of kites, forming a unique style with beautiful modeling, fine knot and bright colors, which has become an important school of kites in China. This genre can be summarized into three basic styles, three branches and eleven genres.
The traditional name of Weifang radish is "Weixian radish" because it originated in Laoweixian. Lao Wei County is now a part of Weicheng District and Kuiwen District. It is said that wei county radish seeds were planted in other places, but the results were unsuccessful. The reason is that the soil and water are different. There are even rumors that Weifang radish is just a small piece of land.
However, according to relevant research, wei county radish has fine products. Its origin is: "after Gong Bei, before Gong Bei, Guo Zhuangzi, Liu Jiayuan." The so-called Gong Bei is in the front, that is, the north-south direction of Gong Bei; Guojiazhuang is in the east of Gong Bei and Liu Jiayuan is in the west of Gong Bei. In other words, the radish produced by the land around Gong Bei is an excellent product. The original site of Gong Bei is in the area of Weifang No.1 Vocational Middle School. Weifang radish has been cultivated for more than 300 years, and its varieties have also formed three strains: Daying, Xiaoying and Yinger. The characteristics of the three strains are basically similar, the leaves are all mosaic, each leaf has 8- 10 pairs of leaves, and the leaves are dark green.
The fleshy roots are all cylindrical, the aboveground part accounts for three quarters of the total length, which is turquoise, and the underground part accounts for one quarter, which is white. This is Weixian radish and others.
Variety difference.
Weixian radish, the best, is six inches high and one and a half inches in diameter. Its cherry leaves are green, its skin is dark green, its tail is white, its flesh is green, and there is no white chaff flower. It is fragrant, juicy, sweet, slightly spicy and very delicious. Weixian radish can be eaten as a vegetable or raw. Cooking can be fried, mixed, stewed and pickled, and it is one of the main vegetables in autumn, winter and spring. Locals like to eat raw food, and tourists at home often treat them with cigarettes, tea and radishes. Regular consumption has the functions of resolving phlegm, clearing away heat and toxic materials, invigorating spleen and regulating qi, and helping digestion. There is a local saying that "eating radish and drinking tea does not require a doctor to take medicine". Wei county radish contains a lot of vitamins, and it does have a health care function. There is also a joke that "eat radish and drink tea, anger doctors climb the street", which also tells the medical efficacy of Weifang radish.
There are many ways to eat Weifang radish, and the artistic way is to eat it raw. "It's delicious-crisp and sweet-""Try it first, then buy it-it's not crisp or sweet, so it's free-",and the cries and sales are endless. Cutting radish is also very particular. First spread a small piece of clean white cloth on your knees, holding a radish in one hand and a knife in the other, and cut it from top to bottom. Stubble is straight, generally six petals, and the bottom must not be scattered. The crisp cutting sound is quite pleasing to the ear. Even more skilled people do not hold radishes on their knees, but twist radishes with one hand and cut them in the air with the other. After cutting, I patted it with my hand and only heard a bang. The cut radish is like a blooming green flower, with a long loose radish heart in the middle, which looks like a flower core, which makes the onlookers applaud and the business is booming. Radish is eaten to the extreme.
Weifang New Year pictures are rich in themes, and the pictures are full of rough, bold, hardworking and humorous folk customs.
Background: As a custom, New Year pictures have been popular among the people in China for nearly a thousand years. The themes of New Year pictures generally reflect people's lives, such as happiness, wealth, longevity, celebration, agriculture and so on. Because the New Year pictures are rooted in the people and active in the people, their picture performance has a strong local color.
Yangjiabu Woodblock New Year Pictures in Weifang, Shandong Province
Yangjiabu Woodblock New Year Pictures in Weifang, Shandong Province were founded in the late Ming Dynasty, all of which were made by traditional hand. Influenced by Yangliuqing New Year pictures in the early stage of development, it reached its peak in Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty. There was a saying that "there were hundreds of painting shops, thousands of paintings and tens of thousands of boards", which was popular in the lower reaches of the Yellow River. Among them, the largest Dongdashun painting shop has more than 300 sets of paintings, with an annual output of more than one million. Yangjiabu New Year pictures have a wide range of genres, rich imagination, reuse of primary colors, rough lines and simple style.
Yangjiabu woodblock New Year Pictures, Yangliuqing in Tianjin and Taohuawu in Suzhou are also called the three major folk woodblock New Year Pictures in China. They began in the Ming Dynasty and flourished in the Qing Dynasty. They are festive, colorful and practical, reflecting ideals, customs and daily life, with complete and symmetrical composition, rigid and simple modeling and simple and smooth lines. According to the actual needs of farmers to decorate their living environment, there are mainly door paintings, door paintings, lanterns for praying, beauty bars, stands, crawlers, moonlight, etc., which have a strong folk flavor, local flavor and festive atmosphere. Characteristics of Weifang New Year Pictures. Including several colors, crochet and color treatment, including this simple and lively style, the bold use of colors, and then I contacted it again and joined the New Year pictures, forming my current style of emphasizing color and freehand brushwork. I was influenced by my father's interest in life, painting, collection and archaeology since I was a child. My mother is a descendant of the Chen family, and she is deeply impressed by Mao and Wanyinlou. Weifang, as a kind of cultural nourishment, is very important to my artistic pursuit and hobby.
Yangjiabu woodblock New Year pictures have a wide range of themes and rich contents, including idols, door gods, beauties, golden boys, landscapes, flowers and birds, dramatic figures, myths and legends, etc. At the same time, there are also works that reflect folk life and criticize the disadvantages of the times, but the theme of Yangjiabu New Year pictures is jubilation and auspiciousness. Such as good luck, happy new year, congratulations on getting rich, wealth, more than a year, happiness and peace. Like the blessings of relatives and greetings from friends, it constitutes the characteristics of farmers' peace and happiness in the new year, hoping for wealth and peace. The main contents of Yangjiabu's New Year pictures include six categories, namely, Chinese New Year, marriage, busy farming, getting rich every year, and goldfish all over the body. , the door god, the god of wealth, the birthday girl, the kitchen god, etc. , as well as legends and allusions such as Bao Gong's appointment, three visits to the thatched cottage and crossing the sea by the Eight Immortals, and entertainment satire such as boxing, busking and promotion.
The production technology of Yangjiabu New Year pictures is also very unique. The painter first painted with wicker charcoal sticks and incense ashes, and named it "rotten manuscript" On the basis of the rotten manuscript, he completed the original manuscript, the tracing manuscript, stuck it on the pear board and carved the line version and the color version respectively. Then after color matching, paper clamping, printing, color running, etc., manual printing. After the New Year pictures are printed, they should be painted with various colors by hand to make them look natural and vivid.
The production of Yangjiabu New Year pictures is divided into painting, carving, printing, mounting and other processes, each of which is extremely precise and accurate. The practice is to hook out the black draft of the painting first, stick it on the planed pear wood or Tang board, and carve the main line version. After the manuscript is printed, it will be engraved in different colors, printed in color, and finally modified and mounted.
At the time of prosperity, just in autumn, all kinds of art dealers gathered in Yangjiabu. At night, the streets are decorated with lanterns and New Year pictures. More than 5000 businessmen come to buy paintings every year. At that time, selling paintings and singing short essays, the most popular lyrics were: "Su Dongpo sat in Han Xin and asked Xiao He. This number is not without merit, but it is too verbose now. Credit is like three debts, and asking is like asking Zhuge. "
Yangjiabu woodblock New Year pictures, which were born and bred, have stepped onto the elegant art hall step by step. 1983 Spring Festival, Yangjiabu New Year Pictures were exhibited in China Art Museum. In the same year, Yangjiabu New Year Pictures toured 9 countries in America, Europe and Africa. 1987, Yang Fuyuan, a folk artist, was invited to Singapore to paint, carve and print woodblock New Year pictures. In 1990s, a group of Yangjiabu New Year pictures artists went to Brazil, Japan and other countries to perform live performances, which were well received. In 2002, the 76-year-old folk New Year picture artist Yang Luoshu, an authentic descendant of Tongshunde Painting Shop with a history of 200 years, was awarded the honorary title of "Master of Folk Arts and Crafts" by UNESCO. Yang Luoshu/Kloc-started to create woodcuts at the age of 0/8. His "Water Margin" and "The Emperor's Map" The Journey to the West are all wonderful in composition, exquisitely carved, lifelike and full of local flavor, which are deeply loved by people. Today, Yangjiabu, a small village with only 3 10 households and10/50 people, produces more than 20 million woodcut New Year pictures every year, which are exported to all parts of the country and more than 100 countries and regions around the world. Yangjiabu has become an important stop on the thousands of miles folk tourism line in Weifang, Shandong Province. Here, people can enjoy more than 65,438+000 sets of New Year pictures, witness various tools and originals for making New Year pictures since the Ming Dynasty, and watch the mysterious techniques for making New Year pictures on the spot.
Paper-cutting has a long history and a distinctive national style. According to records, in the early years of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang issued a decree to immigrate, and a large number of immigrants from Jiangnan and Jiangbei moved to Gaomi. Due to the mutual influence and infiltration of north and south cultures, Gaomi paper-cut combines the exquisiteness of Jiangnan and the simplicity of Jiangbei, and gradually forms its own unique style. Gaomi paper-cut is unique and well-known overseas because of its ingenious conception, naive modeling, vigorous lines and rich interest, and has become a treasure collected by folk art lovers. Gaomi paper-cut has a wide range of themes and rich contents, and flowers, insects, fish, birds, animals and people can all be cut. Most of the things cut are based on folklore, fairy tales and opera stories, which are symbolic, simple and exaggerated in shape, coarse and fine, and hidden in simplicity, reflecting the unique national aesthetic. Among them, there are many top grades such as Zodiac Map, Water Margin, Hundred Single Eight Generals and Hundred Bull Map. Especially animal paper-cutting, romantic but not distorted, rigorous and not rigid. 1997 Year of the Ox Zodiac stamp pattern is selected from Gaomi folk paper-cutting. 1994 Gaomi was rated as "the hometown of national folk (paper-cut) art". Its paper-cuts are collected by many folk art lovers in more than 20 countries, such as Japan, the United States and Canada.