Latin scientific name: Lily of the Valley.
Chinese aliases: Cao Yuling, Xiang, Ling, Cao Cunxiang, Mi, Mi, Hua,
English name: lily of the valley, lady-tears
Stairs to heaven
Lily of the valley dances in the wind like snow, so the lily of the valley grassland is also called "silvery white paradise".
kind
Field: the plant kingdom in the plant kingdom
Door: angiosperm magnolia door
Class: monocotyledonous Liliaceae
Objective: Asparagus.
Family: Rosaceae
Or Liliaceae
Genus: Lily of the Valley
Type: Lily of the Valley
Perennial corm flower
brief introduction
The original species of lily of the valley are distributed in Asia, Europe and North America, especially in higher latitudes, such as the northeast forest region of China and the Qinling Mountains of Shaanxi. Most of them were born in deep mountain canyons and forest edge grass. Lily of the valley is a precious perfume plant, and its flowers can extract high-grade aromatic essential oil.
The flower of Lily of the Valley is a kind of Jason Chung-shaped flower, which is born at the top of the flower stem and has a raceme to one side. The flowers are milky white, hanging like bells, with 6 ~ 10 flowers per stem, which is elegant. The fragrance is rich, and the Ying Ying flutters, which is deep, moving and intoxicating.
Distribution area
Domestic distribution: Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Shanxi, Shandong, Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Zhejiang and Hunan.
Under forests or forest-edge shrubs in humid areas of mountainous areas.
Foreign distribution: Korea, Japan, Europe and North America are also common.
Altitude: 800 ~ 2500m.
morphological character
Lily of the valley has a multi-branched creeping rhizome. In spring, the terminal bud at the top of the rhizome grows 2-3 narrow elliptic or broad lanceolate leaves, and the veins are arc-shaped. Several sheathlike membranous scale leaves embrace each other at the base, and the flower stems are pulled out from the sheathlike leaves. Round deep ruby red berries in autumn are poisonous and contain 4 ~ 6 seeds. It is an excellent potted ornamental plant, usually used in flower beds and small cut flowers, and can also be used as ground cover plants, and its leaves are often used as flower arranging materials. The flowering period is generally from April to May in early summer, and the fruiting period is in June.
Lily of the valley is short, about 20 cm high, with many branches and spreading roots underground. In spring, 2 ~ 3 elliptic or narrow elliptic leaves grow from the terminal bud at the top of rhizome, with arc-shaped veins and several sheath leaves at the base; A multi-branched rhizome. 2-3 leaves, basal, ovoid and shiny. Flowers are bell-shaped, drooping, racemes, flowers 6- 10, milky white.
The plant is short, the stem is drawn from sheath leaves, and there are 6 ~ 10 florets. It is an excellent potted ornamental plant, usually used for flower beds and small cut flowers, and can also be used as ground cover plants. Berries are dark red and poisonous.
Perennial herbs, up to 30 cm tall. Rhizomes are slender and creeping. 2 leaves, oval, long 13 ~ 15 cm, wide 7 ~ 7.5 cm, with sharp apex and slightly narrow base; The petiole is about 16 cm long, which is surrounded by each other in a sheath shape, and there are several sheath-like membranous scales at the base. Scapes protrude from the axils of scales; Racemes are biased to one side; Bracts lanceolate, membranous; The flowers are ivory, bell-shaped, pendulous, about 7 mm long and 1 cm wide; Perianth apex 6-lobed, lobes ovate-triangular; Stamens 6; Style is shorter than perianth. Berries are spherical and turn red when heated. Seeds elliptic, flat, 4-6. The flowering period is May-June. The fruiting period is June-July.
Ecological habit
Like cool, humid, astigmatism and semi-cloudy environment, strong cold resistance, avoid hot and dry. Like fertile sandy loam with good drainage, sandy soil with rich humus and good drainage is needed. Summer dormancy
Sexual preference for cool, humid and semi-cloudy environment; Under the condition of low temperature, direct sunlight can also breed and bloom. Extremely cold-resistant, avoid heat, when the temperature is above 30℃, the leaves of the plant will turn yellow prematurely, so it needs to be planted in places with high altitude and no heat in the south. I like sandy loam rich in humus, moist and well drained to avoid drought. Like slightly acidic soil, it can grow normally in neutral and slightly alkaline soil.
Variety classification
In addition to the common white flowers, there are also varieties of lily of the valley and lily of the valley. Lily of the valley, in particular, in April, a pair of dark green rectangular leaves will stretch out curved and elegant pedicels and produce pure white flowers. In addition to single petals, there are also double petals of lily of the valley varieties. Some garden hybrids have spotted leaves, called lily of the valley with spotted leaves.
Lily of the valley flower language
Pure and happy arrival, happy arrival, good luck and good luck.
This fragrant flower can often be seen at weddings in France. Sending this kind of flowers to the bride means wishing the couple a "happy wedding". This may be because this small flower shaped like Jason Chung is reminiscent of becoming a happy little bell! In addition, due to the small growth area of Lily of the Valley, it is also called "Lily of the Valley", giving people a feeling of "purity and freshness".
Just like the sad legend of the birth of Lily of the Valley, the happiness of Lily of the Valley will come especially hard, and it will be accompanied by the sadness of vague fate. The waiting of the lily of the valley is the sigh of the stars in the wind, which is empty and can only be perceived by heart; Lily of the valley's temperament is as pure and transparent as a woman's loyal and gentle love belief in the wind, and only by concentrating can we taste it.
If you can't catch the fragrance of the lily of the valley as light as a star sigh from the night wind, how can you follow the fragrance to the valley where the lily of the valley is in full bloom? If you don't invest in guarding, how can you just walk beside Lily of the Valley in time? Lily of the valley only waits for the most thoughtful people, and the music of Lily of the valley can only be heard by the people who love it the most. In order to get true love, Lily of the Valley waits for her spring in the lonely valley ... Lily of the Valley only blooms with the spring breeze in May, and her flower language is the return of happiness.
Lily of the valley is the national flower of Finland, Sweden and Yugoslavia, which can often be seen at weddings in France. This kind of flower is sent to the bride to congratulate the newlyweds on their happy arrival. Maybe it's because it's shaped like a small flower in Jason Chung, which reminds people of a small bell that can evoke happiness. In the friendly communication, Lily of the Valley has always expressed the pride of "happiness, purity and virginity", and "happiness is for a pure girl" and other good wishes.
Legend of lily of the valley
Legend has it that a white and fragrant lily of the valley bloomed in the land where the forest guarded the sacred Leonard's death. Lily of the valley is in full bloom in that cold land and is the embodiment of St. Leonard ... bunches of small flowers remind people that she has a strong idea of "grasping happiness"!
In the ancient Sussex legend, Saint Leonard, a soldier, was determined to kill people, fought against the dragon in the forest and finally died of exhaustion with the dragon. On the land after his death, the lily of the valley, full of white flowers, exudes fragrance like a jade bell. The lily of the valley, which blooms alone in that cold land, is the embodiment of St. Leonard, condensing his blood and spirit. According to this legend, give Lily of the Valley to friends and relatives, and the god of happiness will come to the flower receiver.
There is a beautiful legend in Ukraine. It is said that a long time ago, there was a beautiful girl who was infatuated with her lover waiting for an expedition. Tears of yearning fell on the grass in the forest and became fragrant lilies in the valley. Some people say it's the scattered beads of Snow White's broken pearl necklace, and others say it's the little lanterns of the seven dwarfs. There is also a legend that a teenager named "Langdesh" (the voice of Lily of the Valley in Russian) was heartbroken because his lover "Vesna" (meaning spring in Russian) left him. Teenagers' tears turned into white flowers, while the blood from teenagers' broken hearts turned into brilliant red berries of Lily of the Valley. Lily of the valley is the flower of the sunrise goddess in ancient Nordic myths and legends, and it is dedicated to the sunrise goddess. Lily of the valley is also the sacred flower of North American Indians. Romantic French also have a special "Lily of the Valley Festival". On the "Lily of the Valley Festival" in May, the French gave each other small flowers of Lily of the Valley, symbolizing good luck.
Garden use
The best shade-loving ground cover plants are under deciduous forests, forest margins and glades, and on the back of buildings. It can also be arranged in flower beds and flower borders with other flowers.
Lily of the valley is an excellent ground cover plant and potted plant. It is short, elegant, beautiful and fragrant. There are ivory, pink and variegated varieties. In autumn, the red fruit is delicate and charming, which is very attractive.
Lily of the valley is small in shape, pleasant in floral fragrance, enchanting in red fruit, beautiful and elegant, like a shy girl who bows her head, so it has won the favor of boys and girls.
Lily of the valley is an ideal flower for potted plants, flower beds, flower borders and lawns, and can also be used for cut flower cultivation and ground cover plants.
Key points:
Because the flowers are all open downwards, when using cut flowers, special treatment should be carried out with thin iron wire and transparent tape to make the flowers look more obvious.
Medicinal value
Lily of the valley is used as medicine. After the fruits are ripe in summer, the whole grass is harvested, the soil is removed and dried.
Lily of the valley can not only purify the air, but also inhibit the growth and reproduction of mycobacterium tuberculosis, pneumococcus and staphylococcus.
Sexual taste orientation
Bitter and warm. Toxic.
Source: Journal of Northeast Pharmaceutical Factory
Pinyin Name Lí n ɡ Lan
Alias Cao Yuling (China Botanical Picture Book), Perfume Flower, Tribulus terrestris Flower, Lutong Grass (Northeast Traditional Chinese Medicine Flora), Panicum Millet, Magnolia officinalis (Liaoning Economic Plant Flora), Zhong Hua, Tribulus terrestris (Northeast Common Chinese Medicine Manual) and Caocunxiang (Shaanxi Chinese Medicine).
Functional indication
Strengthening the heart and diuresis. Used for left heart failure caused by congestive heart failure, atrial fibrillation, hypertension and nephritis.
dosage
0.3g of whole grass each time, with daily dosage of1.0g, and taken with water.
Additional prescription
1 cure erysipelas: lily of the valley. Decoct and wash.
② Treatment of Purpura: Take an appropriate amount of Lily of the Valley, burn it and grind it into powder, and mix it with vegetable oil.
③ Treatment of traumatic injury: San Qian of Lily of the Valley, red 372 yuan, red 372 pills, five points, four watts and five yuan. Decocting in water, with yellow wine as the guide.
④ Treating metrorrhagia and metrorrhagia: Lily of the Valley, Leonurus San Qian. Red and white cockscomb flowers and red hair are two yuan each, safflower is one yuan and five cents, and lycopodium is one yuan. Decocting in water, with yellow wine as the guide. (The selected prescription is Shaanxi Chinese herbal medicine)
Culture and propagation
In spring and autumn, the propagation of rhizomes and bulbs at the end of rhizomes can be carried out, and 1 1 month is the best. There are buds of different sizes on the rhizome. After the overground part withers in autumn, dig up the rhizome, cut off each terminal bud with a section of rhizome and plant it to form a new plant. Hypertrophic buds can bloom in the second spring after branching, and small buds need 1 year to bloom. Seeds washed from red ripe berries in autumn can be directly planted on the seedbed in the open field and germinated in the next spring.
Lily of the valley likes semi-cloudy, humid and cool environment, and is cold-resistant and heat-resistant. As long as there are proper shading conditions, it will propagate rapidly by expanding roots. Shading and moist fertile soil are important conditions for planting, while humus and sand are ideal, fertile and hydrophobic. In modern industrialized greenhouse commodity production, it is worthy of attention and concern to adopt pollution-free cultivation to improve the quality and yield of flowers, avoid excessive and partial application of nitrogen fertilizer and use less ammonium nitrogen fertilizer.
In spring and autumn, rhizomes are often cut off or germinated and then cut into sections for further cultivation, that is, propagation and ramets. It is best to plough deep into fertile land. After 3 ~ 4 years, replant in another place or rotate with other flowers. Plant spacing is 25 ~ 30cm, with 2 ~ 3 buds per cluster and covering depth of 5 ~ 6cm. During the growing period, the soil should always be loose and moist, and full fermentation and topdressing should be carried out in early spring and late autumn. There is proper sunshine before flowering, and it is more resistant to shade after flowering. After defoliation in late autumn, when it is used to promote cultivation, cut off the root cap, put it indoors at 2 ~ 3 degrees Celsius, treat it at low temperature for 2 ~ 3 weeks, take it out and put it in the shady place, move it into the greenhouse at 12 ~ 14 degrees Celsius five weeks before flowering, properly water it and put it in the dark, and treat it with 65438+. If cultivation is promoted without low temperature and darkness, it often does not germinate or germinate, but the growth of scape and leaves is irregular, which hinders viewing.
Planting soil covers more than 5 cm, and water it after planting. After spring germination, topdressing 1 time every 15 days, pay attention to watering in dry days, and stop fertilizing after the flower stems are pulled out; Cut off the pedicels in time after the flowers wither, and then topdressing 1 ~ 2 times. After the aerial parts wither in late autumn, cover them with rotten leaves and cow dung to protect the roots and dormant buds from overwintering in the open air. Ground planting needs to be planted every 3 ~ 4 years. Potted plants should choose fat and huge rhizome buds, 4 ~ 5 buds in each pot, and change the pot once a year. Conducive to cultivation: plant low-temperature treated rhizomes, keep the temperature at about 18 ~ 20℃ during the whole cultivation period, pay attention to fertilizer and water management, keep the soil moist, and flowers can bloom in about one month. There is a risk of brown spot disease, and 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder is sprayed 700 times.
Carry out ramet propagation every 2-3 years; In late autumn, once the aboveground part of the plant withers, the shoots at the end of the rhizome are dug up for plant division. After the big bud is divided into plants, it blooms in the next spring, and the small one blooms in the next year. There are flower buds and leaf buds at the top of the underground rhizome of Lily of the Valley. Buds are blunt and conical, with short fat, and can bloom in the second year. The leaf buds are long, conical and thin, and will not bloom until the third year. It is best to leave 4~6 buds for the first ramet, including both flower buds and leaf buds, and it is best to plant them on deep-ploughed and fertile land. You can also divide the rhizome into several sections from autumn to early March of the following spring, with 4 to 6 buds in each section, apply some plant ash or sulfur powder to the wound, and cover the hole with soil for about 5 cm. For example, when breeding or introducing from afar, seeds can be used for propagation, sown in autumn and germinated in the next spring.
To manage lily of the valley, we should apply sufficient base fertilizer. After germination in spring, diluted and decomposed cake fertilizer should be applied every 7~ 10 days, and liquid fertilizer should be applied once after pedicels appear, flowers wither and autumn. After flowering, the stems and branches should be cut off as soon as possible in order to supply nutrients to the roots. When overwintering in the open field, the ground can be covered with grass or fine soil to prevent cold and freezing.
If potted plants can dig out rootstocks with buds in June 1 1, store them at 3℃~5℃14 ~ 2/day, and then take them out and plant them in pots, but keep them at 12~ 14℃. Then properly water and topdressing. If cultivated properly, it will bloom in the future. If low temperature and dark treatment are not carried out in advance, leaves will often grow unevenly and flowers will not germinate.
Lily of the valley is natural and extensive in management. If the decomposed cake fertilizer is often applied after germination in spring, it will bloom vigorously. After the scape is pulled out, stop fertilizing and resume fertilizing 1~2 times after the flower withers, which can promote the rhizome to germinate new tillers. Usually, divided rhizomes are used for reproduction. In autumn, the roots of the mother plant with buds will be cut and planted, and will survive after careful maintenance. You can also cut the sprouts from the roots and plant them alone, but the reproduction rate is low.
Reproductive collection
1, growing on the shady side of mountain slopes, under forests, and on grasslands at forest edges.
2. Choose shady hillsides, forests and grasslands with thick humus. Contour line or Hengshan belt, bandwidth 1.5m, belt spacing of 2 m, and hole spacing of 50x20cm. Dig holes, break ground, suppress, and take the shape of steamed bread.
3. Breeding with seeds or rhizomes in autumn, drilling holes, covering soil, suppressing and covering leaves. Or cut the roots into sections in spring, plant them in pits, suppress them and cover them with leaves.
4. After emergence in the next spring, the seedlings should be thinned, with 2-3 plants per hole. Leaf removal, ventilation, light transmission, and removal of diseased and weak plants.
5. After the fruit is harvested, the whole grass is harvested, the soil is removed and dried.
control of insect
Breeding generally adopts the method of dividing plants, and it is appropriate to cut roots with sharp knives in autumn. Native wild species tend to grow in groups, with few pests and diseases. Greenhouse planting is easy to breed pests and diseases, and common fungal diseases include stem rot, anthracnose and leaf spot. Copper fungicides should be used regularly for prevention and control at ordinary times, and it is strictly forbidden to collect seeds of diseased plants for reproduction. Once the infected strain is found, it should be destroyed and removed immediately to prevent its spread.
Pests and diseases: If there is brown spot, spray it with 700 times solution of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder.
References and pictures:/view/view/51232.htm.