The newly revised "Measures" embodies three highlights: giving priority to prevention and paying attention to making preparations in advance; Solve the formalism problem of emergency plan and embed emergency plan management into the dynamic management of daily management; Emphasize that the preparation of the plan is oriented to practical operation.
The occurrence of production safety accidents will not only bring loss of life and property, great pain and disaster to casualties and their families, but also cause great losses and adverse effects to the country.
In order to tighten the string of safe production, recently, the State Administration of Work Safety announced the newly revised Measures for the Administration of Emergency Plans for Production Safety Accidents, which will be implemented on July 1 day.
"The Measures for the Administration of Emergency Plans for Production Safety Accidents has made a targeted response to the long-standing shortcomings of emergency plans for safety accidents." Tang Jun, director of the Crisis Management Research Center of Renmin University of China, commented in an interview with the reporter of Legal Daily. At the same time, Tang Jun explained the three highlights of the Measures to the reporter of Legal Daily.
Highlight 1
Pay attention to preparation in advance
Amid the fierce fire and pungent smell, the dangerous chemicals storage fire in Jingjiang City, Taizhou City, Jiangsu Province was finally put out in the early morning of April 23rd 1: 54, after the joint efforts of more than a thousand fire officers and soldiers 16 hours. Due to the timely on-site disposal, a wider chain explosion was not formed.
The State Administration of Work Safety reported that the cause of the accident was a safety production liability accident caused by illegal hot work by dangerous chemicals production and business units.
In recent years, major production safety accidents such as Tianjin Port explosion and Shanghai Bund stampede have occurred from time to time.
According to the data recently released by the State Administration of Work Safety, from June to May this year, there were a total of 18854 production safety accidents and 9,977 people died, which decreased by 1 1.4% and1%respectively. Among them, there were no particularly serious accidents, and the national safety production situation was generally stable.
Although the overall situation of production safety remained stable in the first five months, the situation of production safety was still severe and complicated.
The data shows that in May, major accidents increased year-on-year, and fishing boat accidents occurred frequently. Three major accidents occurred in May, and the environmental ratio was flat. The death toll increased by 7 people, up 17.9% year-on-year.
From the theory of accident cause, accidents are caused by the intersection of unsafe state of things and unsafe behavior of people in a certain time and space.
Heine's law also tells us that behind every serious accident, there must be 29 minor accidents, 300 near misses and 1000 hidden dangers.
All these show that there are signs and symptoms in the occurrence of production safety accidents. If hidden dangers are discovered and eliminated in the bud, the purpose of preventing and avoiding accidents can be achieved. In other words, all accidents can be prevented and avoided.
* The second plenary session of the Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee pointed out that it is necessary to strengthen the research and judgment of various risk sources, improve the ability of dynamic monitoring and real-time early warning, promote the scientific and refined risk prevention and control work, be aware of all possible risks and their causes, suit the remedy to the case, comprehensively implement policies, and take effective measures in time to resolve risks at the source.
Tang Jun believes that the revised Measures for the Administration of Emergency Plans for Production Safety Accidents is to implement the * * * * * instructions, take prevention as the guide, and focus on the preparatory work.
Zhao Laijun, a professor at the China-US Logistics Research Institute of Shanghai Jiaotong University, has been tracking and studying the safety of dangerous chemicals for a long time. He believes that prior information sharing plays a great role in emergency handling of accidents.
"Judging from the major production safety accidents of hazardous chemicals that have occurred, due to the lack of hazardous chemicals information sharing system, mistakes are prone to occur in emergency disposal, leading to the expansion of accidents. Moreover, firefighters know nothing about the specific types and distribution of dangerous chemicals in the warehouse, and can only carry out emergency treatment without knowing the quantity and types of dangerous chemicals in the warehouse and yard, which eventually leads to casualties. " Zhao Laijun told the "Legal Daily" reporter that if the information of safety supervision, public security, fire protection, transportation and other departments was shared in advance, the losses in the emergency handling stage of the accident would not be so serious.
In view of this, the newly revised "Measures" require that the preparation unit should conduct accident risk assessment and emergency resource investigation before preparing the emergency plan.
The so-called accident risk assessment refers to the process of identifying the existing risk factors, analyzing the possible direct consequences and secondary and derivative consequences of accidents, evaluating the harm degree and influence scope of various consequences, and proposing measures to prevent and control accident risks.
The so-called emergency resource investigation refers to the process of comprehensively investigating the emergency resources that can be called by the local area and the unit at the first time and the emergency resources that can be requested for assistance in the cooperation area, and combining the conclusions of accident risk assessment to formulate emergency measures.
"Jingjiang hazardous chemicals warehouse explosion, is to mobilize the fire power in Shanghai and other surrounding areas. It can be said that emergency treatment is in place. " Tang Jun said.
Highlight 2
Reverse formalism
The "8 12" fire and explosion accident in the dangerous goods warehouse of Tianjin Port Hairui Company was identified as a particularly serious production safety liability accident.
On August 12, a fire and explosion accident occurred in the dangerous goods warehouse of Hairui International Logistics Co., Ltd. located in Tianjin Port, Binhai New Area, Tianjin, resulting in 165 people killed, 8 missing and 798 injured.
The investigation team in the State Council found that there were as many as 10 violations of laws and regulations in Hairui Company, one of which was the failure to formulate emergency plans and organize drills as required.
In fact, judging from the production safety accidents that have occurred, many production and business units attach extremely low importance to emergency plans.
Tang Jun told reporters that the newly revised "Measures" responded to the long-standing shortcomings of the emergency plan for safety accidents, which can be said to be "seeking truth and being pragmatic".
"The first is to reverse the formalism of the emergency plan and make it a practical and feasible disposal plan." Tang Jun told reporters that since the release of the National Overall Emergency Plan for Public Emergencies in 2005, there has been serious formalism in the emergency plans of some units: "looking up" when compiling, directly copying the plans of superiors; Usually, it is "shelved" and found out as a "shield" after the accident to shirk the responsibility of dereliction of duty.
In view of this situation, Article 5 of the Measures stipulates that the main person in charge of the production and business operation entity is responsible for organizing the preparation and implementation of the emergency plan of the unit, and is responsible for the authenticity and practicability of the emergency plan; Each person in charge shall perform the duties specified in the emergency plan according to the division of responsibilities.
Tang Jun believes that the second embodiment of the "Measures" and "seeking truth and being pragmatic" is to change the static management of plans into dynamic management embedded in daily management.
It can be seen from the provisions of Article 17 of the Emergency Response Law (2007) and Article 77 of the Law on Work Safety (2007) that some units regard the plan as an additional task due to the lack of detailed methods for the plan management.
"The newly revised Measures for the Administration of Emergency Plans tries to reverse this situation," Tang Jun said.
In addition, the "Measures" bind production and business units in the form of legal responsibility, and strengthen the close fit between the plan and daily management. For example, Chapter VI of the Measures also stipulates the legal responsibilities that production and business operation entities should bear.
In Tang Jun's view, only when the plan is put into daily management, can it really and effectively play its due function.
Highlight 3
Emphasize truth and practicality.
If there is a lack of operability, then the emergency plan is like an armchair strategist. Therefore, the preparation of the plan should emphasize the actual operation.
The newly revised "Measures" clearly require that a real and feasible plan should be prepared according to the specific situation of the unit.
"After the plan is completed, it is necessary to exercise regularly so that the personnel in the corresponding positions have the corresponding skills." Tang Jun said.
For example, Article 31 of the Measures stipulates that safety production supervision and management departments at all levels shall incorporate the training of their own emergency plans into the work plan of safety production training, and organize the implementation of emergency plan training for key production and business units within their respective administrative areas.
Production and business operation entities shall organize training activities on emergency plans, emergency knowledge, self-help and mutual rescue and escape skills, so that relevant personnel can understand the contents of emergency plans and be familiar with emergency responsibilities, emergency handling procedures and measures.
The time, place, content, teachers, participants and assessment results of emergency training shall be truthfully recorded in the safety production education and training files of the unit.
In addition, it is necessary to inform the surrounding areas and remind the surrounding stakeholders and departments to make full preparations in advance.
For example, Article 24 of the Measures stipulates that the emergency plan of a production and business operation entity shall be signed and published by the principal responsible person of the entity after examination or demonstration, and shall be sent to the relevant departments, posts and relevant emergency rescue teams of the entity in time.
If the accident risk may affect other nearby units and personnel, the production and business operation entity shall inform other nearby units and personnel of the nature, scope of the accident risk and emergency preventive measures.
Tang Jun said in an interview with the reporter of Legal Daily that it is important to make preparations in advance to prevent production safety accidents. To make preparations in advance, emergency plan management should meet four requirements: according to the actual situation, carry out accident risk assessment and emergency resource investigation; Clear job responsibilities, to carry out job analysis, clear the corresponding responsibilities; Establish a process that is convenient for information transmission and rapid response; Realize the meeting and carry out publicity and training drills.