(1) seedbed preparation includes Xinwei seedbed for grafting and seedbed for grafting.
Most Xinwei beds used for grafting are low ridges (the ridge surface is lower than the ridge) to keep the seedling soil moist and promote the elongation of the seedling stem. According to different seedling raising methods, the seedbed of grafted seedlings is cultivated with high border (seedling raising pot) or low border (bed soil seedling raising), and the border width is about 1.2 meters.
No matter what kind of seedbed is used, nursery soil is required to raise seedlings. (2) Different vegetables and different grafting methods of the same vegetable have different requirements for grafted seedlings, so the appropriate sowing time should be determined according to the specific requirements, especially for the combination of scion and rootstock grafted at the wrong time, timely sowing is more important, and the sowing and seedling raising time of specific vegetables can be determined with reference to related vegetables.
Grafted seedlings should be strong and the stems should be kept at a certain length. You can't use tall seedlings with thin stems to graft seedlings, nor can you use diseased seedlings to graft seedlings. For some vegetables with high requirements for grafted seedlings, it is also necessary to increase the number of watering, increase the temperature of seedbed and promote the elongation of stems. (3) Commonly used grafting tools include blades, grafting clips, bamboo sticks and connecting columns.
Blade is mainly used for cutting seedling stems, and double-sided blade is commonly used. Grafting clips are used to fix the grafting site, and plastic clips are commonly used. Bamboo sticks are mainly used to pick out the growing points of rootstock seedlings and insert holes in the stems of rootstock seedlings. Connecting column used for butt joint of rootstock and scion. Connecting columns are used to connect the cut surfaces of rootstocks and scion stems, and stainless steel columns are often used.
Different grafting methods have different requirements for grafting equipment, and sufficient grafting equipment with good quality should be prepared according to the grafting requirements. When using the old grafting equipment, it should be disinfected before use to avoid the grafted seedlings from being infected with germs. (4) Grafting of vegetables in the site is generally carried out in greenhouse and plastic shed, and the temperature, air humidity and light in the site should be kept appropriate, otherwise the survival rate of grafted seedlings will be obviously reduced. The specific requirements are as follows:
Temperature: keep the temperature at 25 ~ 30℃, not lower than 20℃ during the day and not lower than15℃ at night; Illumination: keep scattered illumination; Humidity: to maintain a high air humidity, it is generally required to keep it above 90%; Others: keep the air quiet and don't let the wind blow into the ground. (5) Grafting operation Grafting operation is the most important procedure in grafting seedling. The grafting quality is high, and the survival rate of grafted seedlings is relatively high, otherwise the survival rate will be reduced, and even the whole grafting work will fail. General requirements for grafting operation:
① Grafting operation should be standardized. All operations should be carried out according to the grafting requirements of each grafting method.
② The grafting quality should be high. The incision of the joint surface should be straight and moderate in length; The joint surface should be closely fitted and the interface should be reasonably fixed; Grafting operation should be fast, and the residence time of grafted seedlings outside the seedbed should be shortened as much as possible.
③ Pay attention to disease prevention when grafting to avoid artificial infection of grafted seedlings. (6) Management of grafted seedlings The management of grafted seedlings is closely related to the survival rate and strong seedling rate of grafted seedlings. Under the condition of certain grafting quality, proper seedbed management can also improve the survival rate and strong seedling rate of grafted seedlings, but the survival rate of grafted seedlings is low, even if they barely survive, the strong seedling rate is not high. In the specific management process of grafted seedlings, it is required to strictly control the temperature, air humidity and light, especially three days before grafting, and strictly control the environment according to the management requirements of grafted seedlings.