As a special intermediary form, the basic task of science and technology incubator is to provide services of various external resources for incubating enterprises. Incubation enterprises' demand for external resources should generally include:
1. Entrepreneurship support: including the service of enterprise establishment procedures and the provision of basic conditions;
2. Consulting training: including policy, finance, taxation, personnel management consulting and corresponding training;
3. Factor resource services: including talents, technology, products, capital, the establishment of market cooperation networks and effective services;
4. Information services: including establishing a digital network platform and providing online training, exhibition and e-commerce services.
Incubators should innovate the service mode, introduce social forces to provide services for incubators and their incubating enterprises, and promote the socialization of incubation services. Incubators should give full play to their own advantages, and give full play to and use the power of social institutions to introduce professional services for services that they do not have advantages; It is necessary to explore ways and methods of paid services, promote incubators to improve service quality and efficiency through paid incubation services, and enable incubating enterprises to obtain personalized incubation services with continuously improved level and quality.
Two, establish and improve the science and technology service platform of science and technology incubator.
Entrepreneurial enterprises generally do not have the ability to buy large and medium-sized instruments and equipment and development tools, and the lack of public technology development and technical service platforms has become one of the obstacles restricting the improvement of technological innovation level and innovation ability of entrepreneurial enterprises.
1. Incubators should incorporate the establishment and improvement of public technical service platforms into the infrastructure of incubators, and gradually establish technological innovation and incubation conditions including public laboratories, pilot workshops, large-scale general instruments and general test platforms;
2. It is necessary to strengthen the cooperation mechanism in Industry-University-Research, and establish an institutionalized technical support network system through relevant surrounding scientific research units and universities to help incubator enterprises solve related technical problems;
3 to combine the advantages of industrial technology resources in various regions, vigorously develop all kinds of professional incubators, and provide professional technical service facilities and conditions on the basis of establishing professional incubators for biology, software and integrated circuit design.
Third, broaden and improve financing channels and strive to fill market gaps.
The shortage of funds is a prominent problem faced by many enterprises. Science and technology incubators should focus on solving the "blank" and "bottleneck" in market-oriented financing according to the characteristics of capital demand of small and medium-sized science and technology enterprises.
1, give full play to the role of government funding.
First, all kinds of special funds of the central and local governments should shift their power to areas where commercial capital is afraid or unwilling to invest, with more "timely assistance" and less "icing on the cake"; Second, it is necessary to change the current incentive-based funding mode into risk compensation-based funding mode, with government funding as introduction and compensation, and guide various investment and financial institutions to increase capital investment in incubation enterprises by reducing the risk of social capital entry.
2. Technology incubator should be the "medium" of financing.
Science and technology incubators should not only establish their own incubation funds, but also play a media role in attracting external funds. For incubating enterprises, incubators should guide enterprises to effectively use various financing channels according to the development of enterprises; For the supply of funds, incubators should provide investors with objective suggestions through their good reputation and judgment ability, so as to promote and improve the success rate of financing.
Fourth, establish a multi-level technology incubation carrier to improve the incubation speed and success rate.
In recent years, although the number and area of technology incubators are increasing rapidly every year, they still can't meet the demand. One of the important reasons is that the incubation period of enterprises is prolonged. On the other hand, how to measure the success of incubation is also a difficult scale to grasp in actual operation. The author believes that enterprises with incubation and graduation conditions should at least achieve relatively stable cash flow in terms of funds and have the financial and material conditions for large-scale production. In fact, most incubating enterprises need at least 3-5 years to meet these conditions. At the same time, with the growth of enterprises, the incubation conditions suitable for start-ups are difficult to meet the needs of growing enterprises. Therefore, it is necessary to establish multi-level incubation carriers according to different stages of enterprise growth:
1. Primary technology incubation of projects and enterprises-cultivating small enterprises that can independently participate in market competition;
2. Accelerate the incubation of small enterprises-cultivate competitive and standardized modern enterprises;
3. Incubation of enterprises overseas-cultivating enterprises with transnational operations.
At present, it is especially necessary to establish and improve the incubator work at two levels: accelerated incubation and overseas incubation, so as to improve the adaptability and viability of incubating enterprises in competition.
Five, clear functional positioning, improve the operation mechanism.
Generally speaking, science and technology business incubators aim at cultivating science and technology enterprises and entrepreneurs, and also have the mission of promoting the development of high-tech industries and creating new employment opportunities. Therefore, the incubator has the responsibility to bear the public interest. Although there are some for-profit business incubators at present, their operation mode determines that it is impossible to completely replace the functions of corresponding policy (or non-profit) incubators, and policy incubators will become the mainstream form of incubators in China for a long time. The author believes that to run a good policy incubator, we need to correctly handle the following relations:
1. The relationship between government and incubator
The responsibility of policy incubator to social public interests is essentially an extension of government management function, and the incubator is a social and economic organization independent of the government. Therefore, the government should indirectly regulate incubators through policies and regulations to realize management functions; The policy incubator with government investment as the main body has the responsibility to convey the government's intentions and implement the government's policies and regulations.
2. The relationship between policy function and market operation.
The policy incubator must realize the financial balance while realizing the policy function. Therefore, policy incubators must use market-oriented means to improve the efficiency of resource allocation, improve the effectiveness and rationality of resource allocation through market-oriented operation, and restrain themselves to improve service quality. It must be pointed out that the pursuit of excessive operating profits will increase the cost of entrepreneurs, and a substantial reduction in fees is not really conducive to the growth of start-ups
3. The relationship between the maximization of social interests and the maximization of profits
The purpose of obtaining economic benefits for incubators is not to reflect the return on investment, but to benefit the virtuous circle of incubators. Therefore, reducing operating costs and maintaining a low profit level should become the basic business philosophy of policy incubators. Policy incubators must take into account economic and social benefits, short-term and long-term interests, local interests and overall interests.
It is particularly noteworthy that at present, some incubators tend to be "extravagant" in hardware construction in order to reflect their "image", which is not only not conducive to the healthy development of incubators themselves, but also has many adverse effects on start-ups. Therefore, under the premise of ensuring that start-ups can get effective services, realizing the reasonable profits of incubators themselves will be the key to maximize public interests.
In short, the policy incubator should be a social and economic organization with government investment as the main body, social public interests as its own responsibility, market-oriented operation and financial balance.