It usually takes only ten seconds from the earthquake to the collapse of the house. This requires us to calm down in an instant and make the right choice. People often stand unsteadily when a strong earthquake occurs. If you can't escape for a while, you'd better find a relatively safe place nearby to squat or get down. At the same time, try to find a pillow, cushion, schoolbag, washbasin or thick book to protect your head and neck, and evacuate to the outdoor open area quickly after the earthquake.
1. How do indoor (building, bungalow) personnel avoid risks?
Indoor personnel should follow the following principles to avoid risks:
(1) First of all, keep a cool head, identify the vibration in time, and never jump off a building in a panic.
(2) The correct way to avoid the earthquake is to hide next to furniture (such as tables and beds instead of cabinets that are easy to fall over), or to move to kitchens, toilets and small rooms with more load-bearing walls for temporary refuge. Because the falling ceiling is pressed against the furniture, it will not directly hit people, but may form a "living space" to increase the chances of survival; However, the combination of kitchen and bathroom is strong, especially the internal pipeline has been treated, which has good supporting force and large seismic coefficient.
(3) In buildings with elevators, attention should be paid to the following points:
Although the elevator is the fastest, it is the most dangerous and completely rejected choice;
Although cutting off the power supply of the elevator is a necessary measure for the property, before making this decision, it is necessary to check to make sure that there is no one in the elevator;
People in the elevator should choose the nearest floor to evacuate the elevator, but if the elevator is stuck, don't panic, because panic is obviously useless, and help may not be answered, so you should choose to rely on the corner of the elevator to avoid danger.
Precautions:
The first choice for indoor personnel is not to escape from the corridor (this is the first choice in case of fire, gas and other combustible gas leakage), and stairs are often the weak parts of buildings for earthquake resistance;
To stay away from external walls, doors and windows, you can choose places such as kitchens and bathrooms, which are relatively small and not easy to collapse. The specific hiding place can be next to solid furniture or walls.
It is very recommended to cut off the power supply of electrical appliances at the risk of half a minute. Circuit fire will bring fatal damage to earthquake prevention.
After learning the warning, you should tidy up your valuables (such as passbook, etc.). ) Convenient to carry around in advance;
Once again, resolutely refuse to jump from the upstairs to escape, even on the second floor!
In a word, according to the building layout and indoor conditions, we can evaluate the situation and find safe spaces and passages to avoid and reduce casualties.
2. How should school personnel avoid risks?
Principles for school personnel to avoid risks;
(1) At school, what is most needed in the earthquake is the calmness and decisiveness of school leaders and teachers, because you will always be the compass of students.
(2) Students in the teaching building can go to a small room supported by pipes. In a relatively strong and safe house, you can also hide under the desk and next to the podium. Never let students run around or jump off a building, and fleeing to an open space is not the first choice.
(3) Teachers in primary and secondary schools and kindergartens should pay special attention to the fact that the first instruction should be decisive and clear, and young students will obviously obey the teacher's first instruction unconditionally at this time. It is generally recommended that schools organize students to carry out common sense training on disaster prevention in peacetime.
(4) In areas with medium and long-term earthquake prediction, tell students about earthquakes and earthquake prevention and shock absorption knowledge in combination with teaching activities. Before the earthquake, it is necessary to arrange the route and venue for students to transfer and evacuate, and calmly direct students to evacuate in an orderly manner after the earthquake.
Precautions:
Students can protect their heads with soft objects around them, such as schoolbags. It is not the first choice to escape to the open space. On the contrary, for schools and other special places with high indoor concentration, collective escape is easy to cause stampede and panic;
Male students on the second floor can easily choose to jump off a building. Not only is it not allowed, but it is also necessary to send special personnel to patrol and prevent it. Because students tend to follow the crowd in a panic situation, they have no idea how serious the disaster is.
3. How to prevent electric shock when walking in the street during the earthquake?
Glass fragments of high-rise buildings and concrete fragments outside buildings during the earthquake, as well as advertising signs, neon red light frames and so on. , may fall and hurt people. So when walking in the street, you'd better put your bag or soft items on your head. When there are no articles, you can also put your hands on your head, prepare yourself as much as possible, leave the telephone poles and fences calmly and quickly, and run to a relatively open place to avoid.
Precautions:
Be sure to protect your head with soft and solid objects, even with your hands;
Pay attention to calm down, don't follow the crowd, and have your own judgment (strange cities should follow the crowd, after all, most people are local, but ask in time whether they ran into the clearing).
4. How to deal with an emergency when an earthquake occurs?
(1) The driver should slow down as soon as possible and brake gradually; Secondly, drive away from dangerous areas such as overpasses, tall buildings and steep cliffs immediately.
(2) Passengers (especially on the train) should firmly grasp the handle, post or seat with their hands, and pay attention to prevent luggage from falling from the luggage rack and hurting people. People facing the driving direction should lean their arms against the cushions of the front seats to protect their faces, lean towards the passage and protect their heads with their hands; People with their backs to the direction of driving should protect the back of their heads with their hands, raise their knees to protect their abdomen, tighten their bodies and take a defensive posture.
(3) Even if you encounter an earthquake while driving, you should leave the car quickly and avoid it quickly. If you are in the parking lot when a strong earthquake occurs, don't stay in the car, lest the collapsed ceiling crush the car and cause personal injury. You should lie between or beside two cars in a position lower than the height of the car, so that the falling heavy objects are easy to press on the car and not directly hit people, which may form a "living space" and increase the chances of survival.
Precautions:
Don't park at will, because every car constitutes the whole traffic lifeline. Especially parking in the above-mentioned dangerous areas will lead to unpredictable consequences;
If you ride a bike, you should abandon the car and take the above pedestrian measures. If you ride a motorcycle or an electric car, whether to abandon it depends on the traffic on the road.
5. If there is an earthquake in the store, how to deal with the emergency?
The department store kept calm when it was hit by an earthquake. Due to the panic of people, the goods fall, which is likely to lead to the blockage of the refuge passage. At this time, you should hide near big pillars and big commodities (avoid commodity display cabinets), or hide in an unobstructed passage, and then bend down and wait for the earthquake to subside.
In the upstairs position, in principle, it is best to transfer to the ground floor. However, stairs are often the weak parts of buildings in earthquake resistance. Therefore, we must seize the opportunity to escape. Attendants should organize the masses to avoid nearby and evacuate safely after the earthquake.
6. How to avoid risks in exhibition halls, subways, gymnasiums, theaters and other public places?
(1) Hide under solid pillars or corners, and avoid dangerous objects such as glass windows, advertising light boxes, tall shelves and large chandeliers. Sports venues and theaters should be protected under row chairs, and panic and escape can easily lead to trampling.
(2) After the earthquake, listen to the command of the staff and evacuate in an orderly manner.
(3) Try to avoid the crowded people in the open area. The whole family should get together and take good care of the elderly and children to avoid getting lost.
Precautions:
During an earthquake, many things that are used to it may become deadly "killers" and must be highly guarded against. Stay away from tall buildings, chimneys, tall and old trees, etc. , especially the building of glass curtain wall;
Avoid high-altitude hazards such as transformers, telephone poles, street lamps, high-voltage lines and billboards;
Avoid dangerous buildings, dangerous walls, narrow alleys, houses with high doors and high parapets, and high piles of building materials that are easy to collapse.