Learning disability is an obstacle to the development of learning skills, which refers to a syndrome in which school-age children with basically normal intelligence are obviously behind in their academic performance. Its general performance is poor academic performance and resistance to homework. And often there will be a biased phenomenon of good grades in one subject and poor grades in another. Some children will show weariness of learning and bad peer relationship.
According to statistics, about 20% of children abroad have learning difficulties during their studies at school. The incidence of learning difficulties among primary school students in China is 17.4% and 13.2% respectively, and the ratio of male to female is about 2∶ 1. Learning difficulties seriously affect children's self-evaluation and others' evaluation, which is not conducive to the cultivation of children's interest in learning and the healthy development of body and mind.
There are many reasons for learning difficulties, which are the result of the comprehensive action of internal and external factors. There are some research results or understandings about the causes of children's learning difficulties: physiological factors, environmental factors, nutritional metabolism, psychological factors, cerebellar retardation and so on. One of the more knowledgeable explanations in the academic field is neural integration disorder. In other words, children do not resist learning from the heart. In fact, children often hope that they can learn well, but they are unable to do so.
Types and manifestations of learning difficulties
Learning difficulties are mainly divided into reading difficulties, writing difficulties, learning difficulties and ADHD, Asperger's syndrome and so on. Among them, writing difficulties are mainly manifested in poor expression ability, oral expression ability is better than writing, writing is not active, homework copying takes a long time, it can't be completed independently, radicals are lost or carelessly written, scribbling is ugly, smearing is too much, and typos are too much. Reading difficulties are often manifested in children's inattention, poor hand-eye coordination, skipping lines and missing words when reading, missing words or adding words when reading, "stuttering" or too hasty when reading, disordered byte order, visual inversion when reading and writing, inability to read word by word, chaotic inversion of calculation hours and so on.
How to treat children's learning difficulties correctly
Parents should be calm and avoid labeling their children. The children don't want to do their homework. In the eyes of some parents, it is deliberate laziness, deliberate procrastination and so on. The child began to dawdle as soon as he did his homework, and there was a lot of reluctance at first. In the third or fourth grade or the fourth or fifth grade, some children begin to rebel against their parents, and it is easy to quarrel with them. Parents may also be biased against their children's learning, or label their children as not loving learning. The vicious circle of parent-child relationship is caused, and the difficulties encountered by children cannot be solved in time. It will also affect the cultivation of children's self-confidence and school adaptability. Children's learning difficulties will also be affected by factors such as emotions. Parents' emotional peace is conducive to children's positive facing learning difficulties.
Second, observe carefully and discuss any difficulties with your children. Parents should pay attention to observation and distinguish whether children's learning difficulties are reading difficulties or writing difficulties, so as to give corresponding guidance. Some children with learning difficulties and Asperger's syndrome may have difficulty in reading comprehension, especially in mathematics, but there will be a lot of words when solving application problems. At this time, children will have very serious difficulties. In addition, parents should pay attention to observe whether their children have difficulty in hand-eye coordination. Children's inattention and poor hand-eye coordination will greatly affect writing.
Praise more and cultivate children's habit of self-affirmation. If you find that your child has learning difficulties, you should find ways to correct them in time. For example, if you are young and well-connected, you should make full preparations for your children and find out whether they have learning difficulties. If you find that your child has learning difficulties, you should find ways to correct them in time. Especially after the first grade of primary school, it is necessary to observe carefully, and if there are any shortcomings, we must make up lessons in that respect. And the method should be proper and not impatient.
Because if you don't help children solve the learning difficulties in the lower grades, it may cause very unsatisfactory grades in the third and fourth grades or in the upper grades. Although the school may not be ranked now, it may still cause children's inferiority complex and even serious school maladjustment.
Parents should not be stingy with affirmation and praise. If they do the task right, they will be very happy. Parents can help children divide tasks or homework into small pieces and let them finish what they think is simple first. Then move on to the next item. In this process, parents can accompany them, but try not to find fault with their children or criticize them too much. Instead, let the children find out the mistakes themselves after they finish writing, but parents will interfere too much. Parents' timely encouragement and praise can cultivate children's habit of self-affirmation
Seek professional help. Children with learning difficulties are often not an isolated problem, and may be combined with many emotional problems or inattention, hyperactivity, etc., and need professional methods. For example, computer-aided learning methods, behavior correction, cognitive behavioral therapy, sensory integration training and so on. Especially with family intervention, it is very important. For example, in the EQ class, in addition to teaching children some skills, parents will also be assigned some tasks, and parents will know how to deal with them in a more professional way when they return home.