The king is the supreme ruler of the feudal country, and winning the opponent's king has become the soul of chess, which coincides with the east and the west. The subtle difference is that China chess king is called "handsome (general)" because he is afraid of "offending"; Chess has no such worries, and the words are much freer. China's chess "handsome" can't leave the "Nine Palaces", and there are "scholars and elephants" as full-time guards, always playing the role of behind-the-scenes conductor. These special protections for "Shuai (General)" are the portrayal of the supremacy of kings. The king is the cornerstone of the country and the premise of national stability. Chess is only taken care of by the characteristics of "moving the king car", and you will lose this right if you are not careful. "Wang" can move freely in any square on the chessboard at any time, and the protection of "Wang" can be realized through its own flexible dodge. This is related to the frequent national movements and migrations in medieval Europe. China's "handsome (general)" chess can not be "reversed", which shows the influence of Confucian etiquette; The "king" of chess can fight face to face, and the brand of blood revenge can be seen.
In ancient China, concubines were being played with, so there was no distinction between "queen" and "princess" in China chess. Chess is not like this. Next to "Wang" is a prominent "Hou", which is the most flexible, powerful, active and threatening chess piece, showing that in the west, "Hou" often plays a role second only to Wang in the internal affairs, diplomacy, military affairs and culture of the country.
China's chess "scholar" is a court guard, and the safety of "Nine Palaces" cannot be separated from "handsome (general)". "Elephant" is a minister and can only fly around the country. Such a pampered defender, on the one hand, weakens the attack power, on the other hand, strengthens the defense system. Even if all front-line soldiers are killed in battle, they may be killed and harassed by the enemy, which reflects the traditional psychology and habit of King China for stability and fear of chaos. Chess has no logistics staff, and its "image" is a tutor, a black grid, which can jump all over the board. The lattice of Cape Haig does not intersect with each other, suggesting the influence of orthodox Christianity and Catholicism on medieval Europe.
China's chess piece can only move forward step by step and cannot be retired. Although there is a saying that "a pawn crosses the river for a car", it is a pawn after all. In the end, it is nothing more than an "old pawn", which symbolizes the ignorant creed of "life and death have life, wealth is in the sky". Although the "soldier" of chess can only move forward, he can go to the other side's bottom line to be any son except the "king", which shows the desire and opportunity of western enterprising and upgrading.
Chess has a strict spirit of laws and regulations, especially in China, where five of the sixteen players can't cross the river, the "scholar", "elephant" have a legal route, and the "horse" has restrictions on turning its feet. Once a swift horse is restrained, it is difficult to gallop freely, showing a feudal system that suppresses personality. Chess does not have too many constraints on chess pieces, which embodies the heroic and unrestrained personal development of the West.
Chess is still just and needs active fighting. The stronger the moving ability of chess pieces, the more advantages they have. With the integration of Taoism, China's chess tactics developed a feminine side, just like a well-preserved anti-palace horse. With the Western Renaissance and the infiltration of modern consciousness, chess has developed towards diversification, with the emergence of romanticism, openness, Russia, Soviet Union and modernism.
The origin and development history of chess;
There are different opinions about the origin of chess. There are various versions of the legend about the origin. People think it was invented by ancient India. Its prototype is a kind of chess called "Chatulanka", which includes four pieces: infantry, horseback riding, chariot and elephant, which just reflects the composition of the ancient Indian army. The further development of "Chatulanka" is "Chastelain Zi", which has made a large-scale improvement in chess pieces and rules and began to spread widely among all ethnic groups in Central Asia. Then this game spread from the east to the west through various channels such as trade, war and religion. The general route of its spread is: India-Persia (now Iran)-Central Asia-Arab countries-Europe. By the end of 1 1 century, it had spread all over Europe. Chess, also a compound word of Persian and Arabic, means "the dying king".
According to reliable written records, it has a history of at least 1500 years. Although more people think that it originated in the East, from its evolution and development history, we have to admit that it was stereotyped and popularized in the West, especially in Europe. During the Renaissance in Europe, people carried out major reforms on it. Some chess pieces have changed their moves, and the speed of playing chess has obviously increased. For example, the "former minister" changed from a romantic Frenchman to a king's spouse-and then, like the social revolution, even the gender changed. By the end of 15, it has evolved into a modern system. At that time, it became the seven compulsory subjects of knight education together with riding, swimming, archery, fencing, hunting and poetry writing. /kloc-in the 0/8th century, people led by knight education regarded fierce attacks and meaningless abandonment in chess as brave performances, while those who dared not accept abandonment or defense were considered cowards. However, this chivalrous chess concept and the strategic thought of completely ignoring defense have been eliminated by modern theory.
Now chess is very popular all over the world. Human society regards it not only as a game and entertainment, but also as an art discipline and competitive sports, and even develops computer chess to challenge human wisdom.
Chess was first introduced to China in the 1920s and 1930s. At that time, students from China brought it back to China, but it was not popularized. It was not until 1950s that China listed it as a sport that it gradually became popular. Chess itself means chess, because its movements are very similar to China's. In order to distinguish it from China's chess, people add the word "international" in front of it, which is called chess. In some places in Asia where Chinese is spoken, some people call it "chess". The names of six kinds of chess pieces are completely determined by the names of China Chess. King translated into king; Queen translation; Rook: meaning castle, because it is the same as a car, it is called "car"; Knight: a knight (or knight), similar to a horse, called a "horse"; Bishop: missionary, similar to elephant (phase), called "elephant"; A pawn translates as a soldier.
On the Origin and Development History of China Chess;
There are different opinions about the origin of China chess: some think it originated from Shennong in ancient legend; Some think it originated from the legendary yellow emperor; Some people think that it originated in the Zhou Wuwang period: "Chess was made by the King of Wu, and its methods of advancing and retreating, attacking and defending, such as the sun, the moon and the stars, were the art of fighting for the country. Decorate the flag with ivory, so it is called chess. "
It is more regarded as the product of the struggle between Chu and Han in the late Qin Dynasty. Han Xin invented chess to train soldiers' attacking and killing ability. The evidence is that the word "Chuhe Han Jie" is often engraved on the chessboard of later generations. No matter when it originated, one thing is certain, that is, in the process of development, it was constantly influenced by the war mode and humanistic society at that time and constantly innovated in laws and regulations, including the increase of arms.
Judging from the unearthed cultural relics, China Chess was formed in the Northern Song Dynasty and stereotyped in the Southern Song Dynasty (see the poem Xiang Yi, A Piece Appears in Ye Qianzhong by Liu Kezhuang, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, which describes the form and method of chessboard and chess pieces, which is the same as the popular method now) and developed in the Ming Dynasty. Basically, each dynasty was slightly different at the beginning, and it was through continuous improvement that it became what it is today.
A famous expert said that China Chess is a summary of China's practical experience in social development, which is more traditional and closed. If you don't know China's feudal culture, you won't know China Chess.